Petrogenesis and UPb and Sm-Nd geochronology of the Taquaral granite : record of an orosirian continental magmatic arc in the region of Corumba – MS

O Granito Taquaral situa-se no sul do Craton Amazonico, na regiao de Corumba, extremo ocidente do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), proximo a fronteira Brasil-Bolivia. Ocorre como um batolito, sendo parcialmente recoberto pelas rochas sedimentares das formacoes Urucum, Tamengo, Bocaina e Pantanal e pelas aluvioes atuais. Seus litotipos sao classificados como quartzo monzodioritos, granodioritos, quartzo-monzonitos, monzogranitos e sienogranitos. Dois tipos de enclaves de natureza e origens diferentes sao encontrados, um de composicao mafica correspondente a xenolito e outro como enclave microgranular felsico. Observam-se duas fases deformacionais, uma de natureza ductil (F1) e outra ruptil (F2). Os dados geoquimicos indicam composicao intermediaria a acida para essas rochas e um magmatismo calcio-alcalino de medio a alto-K, metaluminoso a peraluminoso e sugerem uma colocacao em ambiente de arco. A analise geocronologica pelo metodo U-Pb (SHRIMP) em zircao foi realizada em um granodiorito aponta para uma idade de 1861 ± 5,3 Ma para sua cristalizacao. Analises Sm-Nd em rocha total fornecem valores de eNd(1,86 Ga) de -1,48 e -1,28 e TDM de 2,32 e 2,25 Ga indicando uma provavel fonte crustal riaciana. Admite-se que o Granito Taquaral corresponda a um magmatismo desenvolvido no final do Orosiriano, constituinte do Arco Magmatico Amoguija.


INTRODUCTION
The basement underlying the Neoproterozoic covers in the region of Corumba has been described as part of the Rio Apa Complex (Rio Apa Terrane) which consists of metagranites, orthognaisses, and subordinate amphibolites (Godoi et al. 2001).
This work aims the understanding of magmatic and deformational evolution of the Taquaral Granite, and consequently of the Orosirian magmatism in the southern Amazon Craton.Therefore, geologic and petrographic characterization were carried out as well as SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating, geochemistry and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses in order to determine the petrogenesis, time of emplacement, and tectonic setting.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty four samples were collected from the Taquaral Granite; among them four samples of enclaves and eight samples of diabase dikes.
Macroscopic and microscopic studies were carried out for petrographic characterization.Modal analysis by point-counting was performed on medium-to coarse-grained samples in which the selective staining technique of feldspars was previously applied according to Hutchinson (1974); while microscopic point-counting was performed on finegrained samples.
The software Open Stereo was used for structural data analysis (Grohmann et al. 2011) and the shear zone rocks were classified according to Sibson (1977).
Geochemical studies were carried out on nine samples of the Taquaral Granite, taking into consideration their spatial distribution and mineralogical and grain size diversity.Samples were prepared and then sent to the Acme Analytical Laboratories (Acmelab) in Vancouver, Canada, for major, minor and trace elements analyses (Tab. 1) by Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometry (ICP-ES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The procedure for (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb geochronology of sample RM-07 followed the steps of sieving into 250,210,177,125,90 and 63 μm size fractions, and separation by magnetic susceptibility and density.A total of 150 zircon crystals were then hand-picked from the 177 -125 mm size fraction, under a binocular microscope, among which the crystals for analysis were selected.Cathodoluminescence imaging (SEM-CL) and U-Pb geochronology were carried out at the Center for Geochronological Research of the University of Sao Paulo (CPGeo-IGC/USP).The analytical procedures for U-Pb zircon dating by SHRIMP II (Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe) are described in details by Stern (1998), Williams (1998) and Sato et al. (2008).Age calculations were performed using the software ISOPLOT/EX (Ludwig 2001) Sm-Nd whole rock analyses were performed on two samples (RM-07 and RM-09A) at the Isotope Geology Laboratory of the Federal University of Para (Para-Iso), according to the analytical procedure described by Oliveira et al. (2008) and Barreto et al. (2014).Approximately 100 mg of pulverized sample were dissolved into Teflon ® bombs by adding HNO 3 , HCl e HF and placing them into a microwave oven.A 149 Sm/ 150 Nd tracer was previously introduced in order to determine the concentrations of Sm and Nd by isotope dilution.Chemical separation was made by ion-exchange chromatography divided into two stages with resins Biorad DOWEX™ AG50x8 and Ln Eichrom ® .
Isotopic analyses were carried out using inductively plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ThermoFinnigan Neptune.Nd-isotopic ratios were corrected for mass fractionation by normalizing to 146 Nd/ 144 Nd = 0.7219.The decay constant used was 6.54 x 10 -12 year -1 (Lugmair & Marti 1978).Model ages were calculated according to the depleted mantle curve through time by De Paolo (1981).

REGIONAL GEOLOGIC SETTING
The Amazon Craton represents one of the main Precambrian geotectonic entities located on the northern part of South America platform.It consists of two shields divided by the Amazon Basin: The Central Brazilian Shield and the Guyana Shield.This work adopted the proposal of Ruiz (2005), who considers the Rio Apa Province as a part of the compartimentation suggested by Tassinari and Macambira (2004) and revised by Cordani et al. (2009), in which the Amazon Craton is divided into geochronological provinces formed by successive accretion of juvenile crust to Proterozoic mobile belts (Provinces Maroni-Itacaíunas -2.20 to 1.95 Ga; Ventuari-Tapajós -1.95 to 1.80 Ga, Rio Negro-Juruena -1.80 to 1.55 Ga, Rondonian-San Ignacio -1.50 to 1.30 Ga and Sunsas-Aguapei -1.15 to 0.90 Ga) surrounding an Archean proto-craton (Central Amazon Province -> 2.3 Ga).
There are two proposals for the geotectonic settings of Rio Apa Terrane.The first one describes this Terrane as an allochthonous crustal fragment geographically separated from the Amazon Craton by the Tucavaca Belt (Barros et al. 1982, Del'Arco et al. 1982, Litherland et al. 1986, Alvarenga & Saes 1992, Brito Neves et al. 1995, Trompette et al. 1998, Tassinari & Macambira 1999, 2004, Santos et al. 2000, 2008, Teixeira et al. 2010, Bettencourt et al. 2010).The second proposal, by Ruiz et al. (2005), Lacerda Filho et al. (2006) and Cordani et al. (2010), takes into consideration the previous proposal of Almeida (1967) and Amaral (1974), in which the Rio Apa Terrane is described as a prolongation of the Amazon Craton and the basement of Neoproterozoic mobile belts.This work adopted the second proposal thus considering the Rio Apa Terrane as a southern portion of the Amazon Craton (Fig. 1) Based on geological and geochronological data, Lacerda Filho et al. (2006) indicate that rocks from Rio Apa Province were formed between 1.95 and 1.75 Ga, which are further divided into three geotectonic compartments: Remnant Oceanic Crust (2.2 to 1.95 Ga), Rio Apa Magmatic Arc (1.95 to 1.87 Ga) and Amoguija Magmatic Arc (1.87 to 1.75 Ga).In addition to the units described and chronologically stacked in this work, these authors also describe the Mafic Continental Magmatism (1.79 to 1.78 Ga) and the Rio Perdido Mafic Dike Swarms (914 ± 9 Ma).
The Amoguija Magmatic Arc is comprised by the Alumiador Intrusive Suite and the Serra da Bocaina Formation.The term Alumiador Intrusive Suite, according to Lacerda Filho et al. (2006), Godoy et al. (2010) and Manzano et al. (2012), corresponds to a N-S trending elongated batholith of syeno to monzogranitic composition consisting of gray to pink leucocratic rocks, isotropic to anisotropic.Plens et al. (2013) and Nogueira et al. (2013) grouped the granitic intrusions of the Amoguija Magmatic Arc into the Alumiador Intrusive Suite.
Lacerda Filho et al. (2006) obtained a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon crystallization age of 1,867 Ma from a porphyritic monzogranite and Sm-Nd isotopic data revealed a T DM model age of 2.17 Ga and ε Nd around -0.68, indicating a juvenile arc with some crustal contamination generated in continental margin settings.Cordani et al. (2010) presented Ar-Ar and K-Ar data around 1,300 Ma for the volcanic rocks from Serra da Bocaina and plutonic rocks from Alumiador Intrusive Suite.Theses authors presented a U-Pb zircon age of 1,839 ± 33 Ma and Nd T DM model ages between 2.54 and 2.49 Ga.Table 1 summarizes the geochronological data available for the Alumiador Intrusive Suite.
The San Pablo Terrane (Fig. 2) in Bolivia was first called Crystal Block by Litherland and Klink (1982) and posteriorly called San Pablo by Saes and Leite (1993), Saes andFragoso Cesar (1994, 1996) and Saes (1999).According to Saes (1999), the lack of Sunsas Group records in the Terrane would justify its individualization.The San Pablo Terrane is bordered by a tectonic discontinuity represented by the San Diablo Front (Litherland et al. 1986) or San Diablo Straightening Zone (Pitfield et al. 1979, in Saes 1999) For the Correreca Granite, Vargas-Mattos (2010) obtained Pb-Pb zircon ages between 1,920 and 1,895 Ma, and Sm-Nd T DM model ages between 2.8 and 2.9 Ga and ε Nd(t) values of -8.5 and -9.4,which indicates a Paleoproterozoic felsic magmatism in the San Pablo Terrane.These results corroborate the existence of a crustal block on south of the Paragua Terrane, bordered by the San Diablo Shear Zone, as previously proposed by Litherland and Klink (1982) and posteriorly by Saes and Leite (1993).The Correreca Granite is located in the region of Rincon Del Tigre and Santo Corazon.It is a batholit overlain by sedimentary rocks of the Sunsas Group to the north, by the Boqui Group to the west, and by the Murcielago Group to the south.To the east, it is in fault contact with the Santo Corazon Granitoid Complex.

FIELD AND PETROGRAPHIC ASPECTS
The Taquaral Granite crops out as large and small blocks, massive or weakly foliated and, sometimes, as mylonitic truncated by cataclastic bands, aplite and diabase dikes and pegmatitic pockets.It also occurs as felsic microgranular enclaves  and xenoliths of quartz-diorite and amphibolite, respectively, which are rounded to ellipsoidal, centimetric to decametric.This unit is partially and tectonically overlain by sediments of the Urucum, Tamengo, Bocaina and Pantanal formations and by aluvionar deposits.The contact with the Urucum Formation is only tectonic but the Tamengo and Bocaina formations also partially overlain the granite unconformably.
The study of the Taquaral Granite and detailed geological mapping at a scale of 1:50.000 (Fig. 3) allowed recognize three petrographic facies where it is observed in the field that one facies encompasses another and these are then not discriminated at the mapped scale.The first facies is gray, medium-to coarse-grained (GMCF); the second facies is pink, coarse-grained (PCF) and the third facies is pink, finegrained (PFF), all of which are massive or weakly foliated containing biotite and amphibole as the major mafic minerals.
The GMCF predominates volumetrically in the mapped body and is characterized by gray, inequigranular to equigranular medium-to coarse-grained leucocratic rocks, which are classified as quartz-monzodiorite, granodiorite and monzogranite (Figs. 4,5A and 5B).Pegmatite pockets up to 4 m thick are observed.In the mylonitic portion of this facies, stretched and rotated alkali feldspar porphyroclasts occur in a fine-to medium-grained quartz-feldspathic groundmass which is classified as mylonite (Sibson 1977), based on the relationship between porphyroclasts and groundmass.
The PCF is composed of pink, inequigranular coarse-grained leucocratic rocks, which are classified as quartz-monzonite and monzogranite (Fig. 4).This facies is distinguished from the others due to the presence of dark-pink subhedral crystals of alkali feldspar up to 3 cm in length (Figs.5C and 5D).
The PPF consists of light-pink, equi-to inequigranular hololeucocratic rocks of monzo to syenogranite composition (Fig. 4).Aplite dikes occur predominantly as fine-grained rocks, up to 15 cm in thickness, in abrupt and reactive contacts with GMCF and PCF (Figs. 5E and 5F).
Under the microscope, rocks from the PPF are predominantly equigranular having xenomorphic texture and consisting of alkali feldspar (microcline), quartz, plagioclase and less than 5% mafic minerals (biotite, hornblende, titanite, apatite and opaques; Figs.8A and 8B).It is weakly altered with products such as sericite, clay minerals, chlorite and epidote-group minerals, which may occur within micro-veins.
Two enclaves of distinct nature and origin were found in the Taquaral Granite.One of mafic composition corresponds to a xenolith and another is identified as microgranular felsic enclave (MFE) which represents the process of magma mingling (heterogeneous mixing).The xenoliths occurs volumetrically subordinate with amphibolitic composition, elongated, oval to rounded, ranging from centimeter to meter in size, and consisting of amphibole, plagioclase, opaque minerals and titanite.The centimeter-size MFE is rounded and consists of plagioclase, quartz, alkali feldspars and biotite.Typical features of magma mixing are observed in the MFE at macroscopic and microscopic scales, such as: reactive contact with the host rock, engulfment of xenocrystals, corroded quartz, poikilitic quartz engulfing biotite, hornblende, apatite, and opaque minerals and glomeroporphyros of plagioclase and biotite.
The centimeter-to meter-size dikes truncate the Taquaral Granite in abrupt contacts (Figs.9A and 9B) and correspond to gabbroic rocks, which were classified as diabase based on grain size and occurrence.Macroscopically, these are massive, dark-gray to black, inequigranular very fine to fine-grained melanocratic rocks composed of variable proportions of plagioclase and mafic minerals (pyroxene, biotite and amphibole; Figs.9C and 9D).

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
In order to understand the structural evolution and the kinematics of deformation, which affected the Taquaral Granite, structural analysis was carried out in the study area (Fig. 3).The structural analysis follows the concept of deformation phases according to Sá and Hackspacher (1982) while description and tectonic structures classification, such as foliations and lineations, are according to Passchier and Trouw (2005).Descriptive analysis of field-scale structures associated with examining satellite images and microscopic description allowed the identification of two deformation stages, here called F 1 and F 2 .
Taquaral Granite does not display intense penetrative deformation and rocks are usually isotropic to weakly foliated.Mylonitic foliation is developed in ductile deformation zones, and cataclasites are widely observed in fault zones.The latter also affected the sedimentary covers of the Corumbá and Jacadigo Groups.
The first deformation phase (F 1 ) is responsible for the development of incipient penetrative foliation (S 1 ) being heterogeneous in intensity and orientation (Fig. 10A).A mylonitic banding is observed with development of protomylonites to mylonites indicating strong ductile deformation associated with phase F 1 .Mylonitic foliation is parallel to the regional penetrative foliation (S1), both of them preferentially oriented to N20-30E, dipping 75°-85° towards the NW.
The rotated plagioclase porphyroclasts occur in a fineto medium-grained groundmass forming a characteristic augen texture.Felsic and mafic minerals are preferentially oriented surrounding the porphyroclasts in the groundmass (Fig. 10 B).
S 1 measurements show small variations as illustrated in Fig. 11.S 1 field measurements show a maximum concentration at N10-20 E /80 to 90 NW.
Under the microscope, typical features of ductile deformation are observed, such as quartz ribbons, recrystallized grains of feldspars and quartz (Fig. 12A), kink bands in biotite, deformation twins in plagioclase, and rotated porphyroclasts (Fig. 12B).
The second deformation phase (F 2 ) is brittle, younger and posterior to the deposition of sedimentary covers of the Jacadigo and Corumbá Groups.This phase is responsible for the development of fault zones and cataclastic rocks, such as cataclasite, protocataclasite and rarely ultracataclasite.
Two regional faulting systems are identified: one with faults striking N50 to W20 and another with E-W trending faults, both dipping nearly vertically.However, the chronological succession of these structures is not established.The development of thick cataclastic bands is observed in the granitic basement as well as in the sedimentary covers.Cataclasites from the Taquaral Granite and Corumbá Group are products of brittle deformation (F 2 ) which formed a set of faults nucleating on the central Table 2.Chemical data of the Taquaral Granite (major oxides (weight %), minor and trace elements in weight ppm). Continue...

A B
Figure 13.Macroscopic features: (A) protocataclasite composed of angular to rounded fragments of granite, dolomitic limestone and diabase varying from 1 to 50 in diameter in a medium-to coarse-grained groundmass; (B) 10 cm-cataclastic band composed of angular to rounded crystals of alkali feldspar and plagioclase on the scale of millimetres to centimetres set in a finer-grained groundmass, gray to pink in color.
portion and northwest of the study area.The fault rocks are classified as protocataclasites composed of angular to rounded fragments of granite, dolomitic limestone and diabase varying between 1 and 50 cm in a medium to coarse-grained groundmass of granitic composition and carbonate cemented.In general, the contacts between clasts and groundmass are observable (Fig. 13A).The cataclastic bands up to 10 cm thick occur cutting the Taquaral Granite.These bands are composed of angular to rounded grains of quartz, alkali feldspar and plagioclase varying from millimetres to 1-2 cm in a fine-grained groundmass, gray to pink in color.Percolation of hydrothermal fluids occurs parallel to the cataclastic bands leading to silicification, epidotization, chloritization and sericitization (Fig. 13B).

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION
Chemical data of the Taquaral Granite showed wide compositional variation from intermediate to acid rocks with silica content between 60.34 and 75.76% (Tab.2); GMCF shows values between 60.34 and 61.55%; PCF between 65.47 and 68.64%, and PFF from 75.19 to 75.76 %.Harker diagrams (Fig. 14   Fig. 15B).Except for a sample plotted as quartz-monzonite, the granodioritic and granitic compositions are supported when using the classification based on normative feldspar in the Ab-An-Or diagram, which is applicable to rocks with normative quartz contents higher than 10% as proposed by O'Connor (1965) and modified by Barker (1979;Fig. 15C).
The Na 2 O+K 2 O-CaO versus SiO 2 diagram by Frost et al. (2001;Fig. 16A) assigns to the Taquaral Granite a magnesian subalkaline magmatism, calc-alkaline type, enriched in alkalis.According to the diagram K 2 O versus SiO 2 by Peccerillo and Taylor (1976; Fig. 16B), the granite showed medium to high potassium composition.Excepting one PFF sample, rocks are magnesian granites in the FeOt/(FeOt+MgO) versus SiO 2 diagram (Fig. 16C) proposed by Frost et al. (2001).Most of them are classified as metaluminous rocks, however rocks of monzogranitic composition from the GMCF coincide with the peraluminous field in the diagram A/CNK versus A/NK by Maniar & Piccoli (1989;Fig. 16D) which is based on Shand's indexes.
Trace elements pattern associated with K 2 O contents, normalized to Ocean Ridge Granites values from Pearce et al. (1984;Fig. 18A), shows enrichment in large-ion litophile elements (LILE) relative to high field strength elements (HFSE) with negative Nb and Ta anomalies, a typical pattern caused by crustal contribution (Rollinson 1993) or subduction zone settings (Kelemen et al. 1993).
The contents of Rare Earth Elements (REE) of the Taquaral Granite show similar pattern to calc-alkaline granitoids with impoverishment of heavy REE relative to light REE when normalized to chondritic values from Sun and MacDonough (1989;Fig. 18B).Heavy REE show subhorizontal pattern with (Gd/Yb) N ratios between 1.37 and 2.85, and a stronger light REE fractionation expressed by (La/Sm) N ratio varying from 2.65 to 9.11.An even pattern is observed for the rocks from the GMCF with La/Yb ratios varying from 8.74 to 17.34; PCF samples show La/Yb variation between 11.63 and 28.85 while two PFF samples show distinct La/Yb ratios (16,69 and 47,14).Eu/Eu* ratio varies between 0. ratio between 0.74 and 1.10; PCF between 0.75 and 0.85, and PFF between 0.40 and 0.64.One of PFF samples show a strong negative Eu anomaly, however the same pattern for most of them.PFF samples show a vertical displacement due to lower contents of heavy REE indicating greater differentiation.

ISOTOPIC DATA
In order to obtain the crystallization age and characteristics of magmatism, which formed the Taquaral Granite, two samples were collected from the Taquaral Settlement, northeast part of the mapped body.The sample RM-07 (UTM 428893/7891896) was prepared for U-Pb zircon geochronology by SHRIMP and for whole-rock Sm-Nd isotopic analysis together with the sample RM-09A (UTM 429547/7891481).RM-07A belongs to the Gray Mediumto Coarse-grained Facies (GMCF) and RM-09A corresponds to the Pink Fine-grained Facies (PFF).

U-Pb zircon dating (SHRIMP)
Among the 150 zircon grains handpicked from RM-07, 10 (ten) grains were selected for U-Pb analyses.Most of the selected crystals displays short prism.Some crystals are elongated varying from 80 to 225 μm in length and showing a 3:1 length-width    relationship.A few crystals are 1:1.Sometimes they occur fractured or broken, pink in color, varying from nearly incolor to dark.

Correted error
Cathodoluminescence imaging (CL) of zircons shows relatively regular light and dark band zoning which is interpreted as a variation in U-content as differentiation occurs.The crystal 12.1 shows two growth phases displaying overgrowth rims (Fig. 19J).
The results are shown in Tab. 3. In the U-Pb Concordia diagram (Fig. 20), the zircon analyses furnished a concordant age of 1861 ± 5.3 Ma (1σ).Taking into consideration the magmatic features of the analysed grains, the age 1861 ± 5.3 Ma is interpreted as the crystallization age of the Taquaral Granite.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The basement underlying the Neoproterozoic sedimentary covers in the region of Corumba has been described by Araújo et al. (1982), Del'Arco et al. (1982), Godoi et al. (2001) and Lacerda Filho et al. (2006) as an ensemble of gneisses, amphibolites, metagranites and granodiorites grouped into the Archean Rio Apa Complex.By using field, petrographic and geochronological data it is possible to redefine the basement in this region as a set of Orosirian batholitic granitic intrusions related to the Alumiador Intrusive Suite of Araújo et al. (1982).
Studying the Taquaral granite allows recognizing three petrographic facies: Gray Medium-to Coarse-grained Facies (GMCF), Pink Coarse-grained Facies (PCF) and Pink Finegrained Facies (PFF); as well as two distinct types of enclaves in terms of nature and origin, one of them is an amphibolitic xenolith and the other, a felsic microgranular enclave (FME) having the composition of quartz-diorite.For the latter, an origin related to magma mingling is attributed according to macroscopic features, such as reactive contact with the host rock and engulfment of xenocrystals as well as microscopic features such as poikilitic quartz or corroded quartz, and glomeroporphyros of plagioclase and biotite.Hibbard (1991) suggests that magma mingling is an important process of magmatic differentiation because it results from the interaction between melts of distinct compositions, temperature, density, viscosity and crystallization leading to the formation of hybrid rocks of intermediate composition.
Diabase dikes, which intrude the Taquaral Granite, are representative of an extensional regime.However, the lack of geochronological data is an obstacle in order to establish the igneous event in which these dikes were generated.
Two deformation phases are identified, a ductile phase (F 1 ) and a brittle phase (F 2 ).The first deformation phase F 1 developed penetrative foliation and NNE-trending shear zones dipping between 80° and 90° towards the NW.The structural pattern observed for the Taquaral Granite is not similar to the one observed for the Alumiador Intrusive Suite (Rio Apa Terrane) which in turn shows low-dipping foliations, usually lower than 40° towards the SE.Even though structural data from the Correreca Granite are scarce, a similar incipient foliation (Vargas-Mattos 2010) to that of the Taquaral Granite is identified, however there are not enough measurements, making difficult to establish a structural correlation between these units.Kinematic analysis reveals that phase F 1 caused insignificant crustal shortening as a result of a NWW-SEE directed compressive stress leading to tectonic vergence towards the east-southeast.The second phase (F 2 ) affected both the basement granitic rocks as the rocks from the sedimentary covers represented by the Corumba and Jacadigo Groups causing the nucleation of a set of faults in the Taquaral Granite and Corumba Group and formation of cataclasites.
Phases F 1 and F 2 were generated during deformation stages at two different crustal levels.The first phase at crustal levels compatible with the greenschist facies settings and the second phase compatible with shallow crustal settings, likely related to either the evolution of Paraguay Belt and Tucavaca aulacogen or the evolution of Pantanal Basin.
The rocks grouped into the stratigraphic unit called Taquaral Granite are hornblende-biotite granitoids classified as quartz-monzodiorites, quartz-monzonites, granodiorites and monzo to syenogranites.They have intermediate to acidic composition and were generated in magmatic arc settings by a magnesian medium to high K calc-alkaline magmatism, metaluminous to peraluminous.
Isotopic data from the Taquaral Granite indicate a crystallization age of 1,861 ± 5 Ma (U-Pb SHRIMP).ε Nd (1,86Ga) values of -1.48 and -1.28 and T DM model ages of 2.32 and 2.25 Ga point out a crustal contribution to the magma, thus suggesting partial melting of continental crust.
This work dismisses the possibility that Taquaral Granite and Correreca Granite (San Pablo Terrane) are related to the same magmatic event once the latter shows older ages, between 1,925 and 1,894 Ma, and T DM Archean ages between 2.8 and 2.9 Ga differing from the Ryacian model ages for the Taquaral Granite.Similarly, ε Nd(t) values of -8.5 and -9.4 from the Correreca Granite differ significantly from the values obtained for the unit studied here.
Therefore we suggest a correlation between the Taquaral Granite and Alumiador Intrusive Suite (Rio Apa Terrane) once there display petrographic, compositional and age similarities between the Alumiador (Cordani et al. 2010), despite their distinct T DM model ages which suggest distinct crustal sources.Regarding the tectonic settings, the Taquaral Granite constitutes an intrusion related to convergent plate boundaries, continental magmatic arc, generated from magma-crust interaction.Considering a correlation between this intrusion and the plutons and batholiths from the Alumiador Intrusive Suite, thus we conclude that the Orosirian Amoguija Magmatic Arc (Lacerda Filho et al. 2006) extends to the region of Corumba (MS), in the Brazil-Bolivia frontier.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Geological Map of the Taquaral Granite and the Neoproterozoic and Quaternary sedimentary covers.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. QAP diagram for the rocks from the Taquaral Granite (rock fields according to Le Maitre et al. 2002).
) indicate negative correlation for the elements TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 MgO, CaO and P 2 O 5 versus SiO 2 , which may suggest fractional crystallization.Rocks from the Taquaral Granite are chemically classified as tonalites, granodiorites and syenogranites according to R1-R2 diagram by La Roche (1980; Fig.15A), and are similarly plotted as quartz monzonites, granites and granodiorite in the Q-P diagram(Debon & Le Fort 1983;

Figure 15 .
Figure 14.Major-element variation Harker diagrams in weight per cent of oxides for the Taquaral Granite rocks
Figure 20.U-Pb Concordia diagram (SHRIMP) of sample RM-07 from the Taquaral Granite showing an upper intercept age at 1861 ± 5.3 Ma which is interpreted as the crystallization age for the granitic body.
Whole rock Sm-Nd analyses from the samples RM-07 and RM-09A show T DM model ages of 2.32 and 2.25 Ga, and strongly negative ε Nd(0) values of -20.05 and -22.98, respectively (Tab.4).ε Nd(t) values, calculated at a crystallization age of 1861 ± 5.3 Ma, using the U-Pb SHRIMP dating show values of -1.48 for sample RM-07 and -1.28 for sample RM-09A.ε Nd(1,86Ga) negative values and T DM model ages of 2.32 and 2.25 Ga indicate a Paleoproterozoic crustal source for both facies of the Taquaral Granite involving partial melting of Rhyacian continental crust.

Table 1 .
Geochronological data available for the granitic rocks from Alumiador Intrusive Suite obtained by SHRIMP U-Pb on zircon, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, Ar-Ar and K-Ar.

Table 4 .
Sm-Nd Analytical data of the Taquaral Granite.