Asano99 Asano M, Mizutani M, Nagahara Y, Inagaki K, Kariya T, Masamoto D, et al. Successful treatment of cryptococcus laurentii peritonitis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis. Intern Med. 2015;54:941-4., 2014 |
Japan |
32 |
M |
Fever |
Peritoneal fluid |
IgA nephropathy on peritoneal dialysis |
Yes |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole and voriconazole |
Voriconazole for 3 months |
Cured |
Averbuch1010 Averbuch D, Boekhout T, Falk R, Engelhard D, Shapiro M, Block C, et al. Fungemia in a cancer patient caused by fluconazole-resistant cryptococcus laurentii. Med Mycol. 2002;40:479-84., 2002 |
Israel |
16 |
M |
Fever |
Blood culture |
Mestastatic ganglioneuroblastoma |
Yes |
Yes |
Resistance to fluconazole and 5-fluorocytosine |
Amphotericin B for 3 weeks |
Cured |
Banerjee1111 Banerjee P, Haider M, Trehan V, Mishra B, Thakur A, Dogra V, et al. Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia Indian. J Med Microbiol. 2013;31:75-89., 2013 |
India |
76 |
M |
Fever, shortness of breath, heart failure |
Blood culture |
Arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, previous hemorrhagic stroke |
None |
None |
Susceptible to fluconazole, amphotericin B, voriconazole. Resistance to flucytosine |
Amphotericin B for 2 weeks followed by fluconazole for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Bauters1212 Bauters TGM, Swinne D, Boekhout T, Noens L, Nelis HJ. Repeated isolation of cryptococcus laurentii from the oropharynx of an immunocompromized patient. Mycopathologia. 2002;153:133-5., 2001 |
Belgium |
45 |
M |
Fever |
Oropharinx |
Erytroleukaemia |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B for 18 days |
Death |
Bhat22 Bhat V, Vira H, Khattry N, Toshniwal M. Cryptococcus laurentii diarrhea post hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Transpl Infect Dis. 2017;19:e12663., 2016 |
India |
26 |
F |
Diarrhea |
Enteritis |
Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent autologous hematopoetic stem cell transplant |
Yes |
Yes |
Susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, voriconazole, and 5 flucytosine |
Voriconazole for 4 weeks |
Cured |
Calista1313 Calista F, Tomei F, Assalone P, Traficante D, Di Pilla G, Pepe C, et al. Cryptococcus laurentii diarrhea in a neoplastic patient. Case rep Oncol Med. 2015;2015:216458., 2015 |
Italy |
74 |
M |
Diarrhea and neutropenia |
Enteritis |
Hepatitis B, colorectal cancer on chemotherapy |
Yes |
Yes |
None |
Amphotericin B for 10 days |
Cured |
Cheng1414 Cheng M-W, AY-J Wu, Liu C-P, Lim K-H, Weng S-L, Tseng H-K. Cryptococcemia in an elderly woman with retroperitoneal diffuse large b-cell lymphoma after rituximab-containing chemotherapy. International Journal of Gerontology. 2016;10:112-6., 2015 |
Taiwan |
88 |
F |
Fever, neutropenia and abdominal pain |
Urine and blood culture |
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma on chemotherapy |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B and flucytosine for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Conti1515 Conti F, Spinelli F, Colafrancesco S, Truglia S, Ceccarelli F, Fattapposta F, et al. Acute longitudinal myelitis following cryptococcus laurentii pneumonia in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2015;24:94-7., 2015 |
Italy |
47 |
F |
Fever associated with weakness in the left lower limb |
Lungs |
Systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren Syndrome, treated with cyclosporine A and corticoids |
Yes |
None |
NR |
Initially amphotericin B, switched to fluconazole for 8 months due to toxicity |
Cured |
Ding1616 Ding CH, Kamarudin N. Non-neoformans cryptococcemia in a patient with hodgkin's lymphoma. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2018;11:7-8., 2018 |
Malasya |
35 |
F |
Fever, supraclavicular mass |
Blood culture |
Hodgkin lymphoma |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Fluconazole for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Furman-Kuklinska33 Furman-Kuklinska K, Naumnik B, Mysliwiec M. Fungaemia due to cryptococcus laurentii as a complication of immunosuppressive therapy--a case report. Adv Med Sci. 2009;54:116-9., 2009 |
Polonia |
39 |
NR |
Fever |
Blood culture |
Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, previous use of prednisone and cyclophosphamide |
Yes |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B, voriconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole |
Fluconazole for 3 weeks, switched to itraconazole for 4 weeks due to persistence of fungemia |
Cured |
Gupta1717 Gupta M, Mishra AK, Singh SK. Cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a low birth weight preterm neonate: India. Journal of infection and public health. 2018;11:896-7., 2018 |
India |
6 days |
M |
Worsening of clinic condition |
Blood culture |
Premature, low birth weight |
None |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and fluconazole |
Amphotericin B for 8 days followed by fluconazole for 24 days |
Cured |
James1818 James M, Arias A, Roselli E, Tirado M, Ecllavarria P. Meningitis por cryptococcus laurentii caso clinico en una paciente con linfopenia cd4 idiopática: reporte de un caso. Centro Médico. 2000;45:138-40., 2000 |
Venezuela |
69 |
F |
Fever and headache |
CNS |
HIV-negative idiopathic CD4 deffciency |
Yes |
None |
NR |
Amphotericin B followed by fluconazole |
Cured |
Johnson1919 Johnson LB, Bradley SF, Kauhan CA. Fungaemia due to cryptococcus laurentii and a review of non-neoformans cryptococcaemia. Mycoses. 1998;41:277-80., 1997 |
USA |
27 |
F |
Fever and painful cutaneous nodules |
Blood culture |
Intravenous drug use, pelvic inflammatory disease, infectious endocarditis and bipolar disorder |
None |
None |
NR |
Fluconazole for 4 weeks |
Cured |
Johnson1919 Johnson LB, Bradley SF, Kauhan CA. Fungaemia due to cryptococcus laurentii and a review of non-neoformans cryptococcaemia. Mycoses. 1998;41:277-80., 1997 |
USA |
27 days |
M |
Candiduria, fungus balls in both kidneys |
Blood culture |
Hypoplastic lungs and bilateral hydronephrosis due to posterior urethral valves |
None |
None |
NR |
Amphotericin B for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Kamalam2020 Kamalam A, Yesudian P, Thambiah AS. Cutaneous infection by cryptococcus laurentii. BJD. 1977;97:221-3., 1977 |
India |
40 |
NR |
Verrucous nodules around the ankle and left foot |
Skin |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Potassium iodide for 4 months, switched to amphotericin B due to iodism |
Cured |
Khawcharoenporn55 Khawcharoenporn T, Apisarnthanarax A, Kiratisin P, Mundy LM, Bailey TC. Evaluation of cryptococcus laurentii meningitis in a patient with hiv infection: A case report and review of the literature. Hawaii Med J. 2006;65:260-2., 2006 |
Thailand |
35 |
M |
Fever, headache |
Blood culture and CNS |
HIV |
Yes |
None |
NR |
Amphotercin B for 14 days followed by fluconazole for 3 months |
Cured |
Kordosis2121 Kordossis T, Avlami A, Velegraki A, Stefanou I, Georgakopoulos G, Papalambrou C, et al. First report of cryptococcus laurentii meningitis and a fatal case of cryptococcus albidus cryptococcaemia in aids patients. Medical Mycology. 1998;36:335-44., 1998 |
Greece |
34 |
M |
Dyspnea, dry cough, weight loss, fever, headache and diplopia |
CNS |
HIV and Kaposi's sarcoma |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B and flucytosine for 2 weeks followed by fluconazole as a maintenance therapy |
Cured |
Krcmery44 Krcméry VJ, Kunova A, Mardiak J. Nosocomial cryptococcus laurentii fungemia in a bone marrow transplant patient after prophylaxis with ketoconazole successfully treated with oral fluconazole. Infection. 1997;25:130., 1997 |
Slovakia |
17 |
NR |
Fever |
Blood culture |
Leukemia, recent bone marrow transplant |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Fluconazole for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Krcmery2222 Krcmery VJ, Oravcovab E, Spanikc S, Mrazova-Studenaa M, Truplc J, Kunovac A, et al. Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: Analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998;41:373-80., 1998 |
Slovakia |
NR |
M |
Catheter-related |
Blood culture |
Solid tumor |
None |
Yes |
None |
Fluconazole for 10 days |
Cured |
Krcmery2222 Krcmery VJ, Oravcovab E, Spanikc S, Mrazova-Studenaa M, Truplc J, Kunovac A, et al. Nosocomial breakthrough fungaemia during antifungal prophylaxis or empirical antifungal therapy in 41 cancer patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy: Analysis of aetiology risk factors and outcome. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1998;41:373-80., 1998 |
Slovakia |
NR |
M |
Catheter-related |
Blood culture |
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, corticoids |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B for 20 days |
Death |
Kunova2323 Kunova A, Krcmery V. Fungaemia due to thermophilic cryptococci: 3 cases of cryptococcus laurentii bloodstream infections in cancer patients receiving antifungals. Scand J Infect. 1999;31:328., 1999 |
Slovakia |
NR |
NR |
Fever, catheter-related |
Blood culture |
Neutropenia |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B for 14 days |
Cured |
Kunova2323 Kunova A, Krcmery V. Fungaemia due to thermophilic cryptococci: 3 cases of cryptococcus laurentii bloodstream infections in cancer patients receiving antifungals. Scand J Infect. 1999;31:328., 1999 |
Slovakia |
NR |
NR |
Fever, catheter-related |
Blood culture |
Neutropenia |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Fluconazole for 10 days |
Cured |
Kunova2323 Kunova A, Krcmery V. Fungaemia due to thermophilic cryptococci: 3 cases of cryptococcus laurentii bloodstream infections in cancer patients receiving antifungals. Scand J Infect. 1999;31:328., 1999 |
Slovakia |
NR |
NR |
Fever |
Blood culture |
Neutropenia |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
NR |
Death |
Lynch2424 Lynch J, Schaberg D, Kissne r D, Kauffman C. Cryptococcus laurentii lung abscess. Am Rev Resp Dis. 1981;123:135-43., 1980 |
USA |
55 |
F |
Skin rash and proximal muscle weakness |
Lungs |
Dermatomiosis, chronic use of corticoids |
Yes |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and flucytosine |
Amphotericin B for 6 weeks |
Cured |
Manfredi2525 Manfredi R, Fulgaro C, Sabbatani S, Legnani G, Fasulo G. Emergence of amphotericin b-resistant cryptococcus laurentii meningoencephalitis shortly after treatment for cryptococcus neoformans meningitis in a patient with aids. Aids Patient Care STDS. 2006;20:227-32., 2006 |
Italy |
34 |
M |
Fever and headache |
CNS |
Intravenous drug user, HIV |
Yes |
None |
Resistance to both amphotericin B and flucytosine |
Fluconazole for 46 days |
Cured |
Martinez2626 Martinez E, Torres-Guerrero E, Cortes E, Tejada D, Arenas R. Cryptococcus laurentii infection in a patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J dermatol. 2017;56:e56-7., 2016 |
Mexico |
65 |
M |
Skin ulcer |
Skin |
Cutaneous leishmaniosis |
None |
None |
NR |
Itraconazole |
Cured |
Mittal2727 Mittal N, Vatsa S, Minz A. Fatal meningitis by cryptococcus laurentii in a post-partum woman: A manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015;33:590-3., 2015 |
India |
30 |
F |
Post-partum, headache and drowsiness |
Blood culture |
Recent C-section due to fetal distress |
None |
None |
NR |
Amphotericin B |
Death |
Molina-leyva2828 Molina-Leyva A, Ruiz-Carrascosa JC, Leyva-Garcia A, Husein-Elahmed H. Cutaneous cryptococcus laurentii infection in an immunocompetent child. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17, e1232-1233., 2013 |
Spain |
8 |
F |
Skin lesion in the right forearm |
Skin |
None |
None |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and fluconazole |
Fluconazole for 2 weeks |
Cured |
Neves66 Neves RP, Lima Neto RG, Leite MC, Silva VK, Santos Fde A, Macedo DP. Cryptococcus laurentii fungaemia in a cervical cancer patient. Braz J Infect Dis. 2015;19:660-3., 2015 |
Brazil |
42 |
M |
Fever episodes, severe abdominal pain, weakness and respiratory distress |
Blood culture |
Cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy 1 year prior to the hospitalization |
None |
Yes |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and fluconazole |
Fluconazole for 22 weeks |
Cured |
Park11 Park SS, Lee H, Park WS, Hwang SH, Choi SI, Choi MH, et al. A case of disseminated infection with skin manifestation due to non-neoformans and non-gattii cryptococcus in a patient with refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Infect Chemother. 2017;49:142-5., 2017 |
Korea |
47 |
F |
Fever, erythematous papules |
Blood culture |
Refractory acute myeloid leukemia after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, on chemotherapy |
Yes |
Yes |
NR |
Amphotericin B for 3 weeks |
Cured |
Rodriguez2929 Rodríguez DA, Pinilla AP. Infección asociada a catéter central por cryptococcus laurentii en niño críticamente enfermo: A propósito de un caso y revisión del tema. Infection. 2012;16:72-4., 2012 |
Colombia |
3 months |
M |
Bronquiolitis due to adenovirus, catheter-related |
Blood culture |
Premature baby with down syndrome |
None |
None |
NR |
Amphotericin B |
Death |
Shankar3030 Shankar EM, Kumarasamy N, Bella D, Renuka S, Kownhar H, Suniti S, et al. Pneumonia and pleural effusion due to cryptococcus laurentii in a clinically proven case of aids. Can Resp J. 2006;13:275-8., 2006 |
India |
35 |
F |
Fever, night sweats, pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea |
Peritoneal fluid |
HIV, diabetes |
Yes |
None |
NR |
Fluconazole for 5 weeks |
Cured |
Simon3131 Simon G, Simon G, Erdos M, Marodi L. Invasive cryptococcus laurentii disease in a nine-year-old boy with x-linked hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:935-42., 2005 |
Hungary |
9 |
M |
Enlarged lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly |
CNS |
x-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome |
Yes |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and fluconazole |
Fluconazole for 9 months with tittering of dosage |
Cured |
Sinnott3232 Sinnott J, Rodnite J, Emmanuel P, Campos A. Cryptococcus laurentii infection complicating peritoneal dialysis. Ped Infect Dis J. 1989;8:803-8., 1989 |
USA |
13 |
F |
Abdominal pain and fever |
Peritoneal fluid |
Chronic renal failure in peritoneal dialysis |
Yes |
None |
NR |
Flucytosine and miconazol, switched to amphotericin B for 2 months |
Cured |
Vlchkova-Lashkoska3333 Vlchkova-Lashkoska M, Kamberova S, Starova A, Goleva L. Cutaneous cryptococcus laurentii infection in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative subject. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2004;18:99-100., 2004 |
Slovakia |
51 |
M |
Skin lesion on the back |
Skin and CNS |
Alcoholism |
None |
None |
Susceptible to amphotericin B and flucytosine |
NR |
NR |