3030 Suñen E. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of smoke wood extracts against spoilage and pathogenic micro-organisms associated with foods. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1998;27:45-48.
|
Bacillus cereus (CECT 495), Bacillus subtilis (CECT 38), S. aureus (CECT 239 and 976), L. monocytogenes (CECT 932), L. inocua (CECT 4030), Brochothrix thermosphacta (CECT 847), L. plantarum (CECT 220), L. brevis (CECT 216), L. coryniformes (CECT 982), L. lactis ssp. cremoris (CECT 697), L. lactis ssp. lactis (CECT 185), Leuconostoc carnosum (CECT 4024), Carnobacterium divergens (CECT 4016), E. coli (CECT 533, 471, 405), S. tyhimurium (CECT 443), S. enteritidis (CECT 556), Y. enterocolitica (CECT 559), P. aeruginosa (CECT 378), Vibrio vulnificus (CECT 529) and Rhodotorula rubra (CECT 1159). Strains of C. albicans, S. cerevisiae and P. aeruginosa 022 were from their own collection (Spanish National Collection of Type Cultures Valencia, Spain). |
Seven commercial smoke condensates.11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4% for L1, L4, S2 and S3; 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% for L2; 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8% for L3 and 0.5, 1, 1.5% for S2. |
Agar dilution methods |
n = 2/Twice. |
24 and 48 h |
TSA and MRS agar without smoke inoculated with the working cultures. |
No |
As food preservative. |
3131 Suñen E, Fernandez-Galian B, Aristimuño C. Antibacterial activity of smoke wood condensates against Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes at low temperature. Food Microbiol. 2001;18(4):387-393.
|
L. monocytogenes (932), A. hydrophila (839) and Y. enterocolitica (559) (Spanish National Collection of Type Cultures, Valencia, Spain). |
Four commercial smoke condensates.11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
1% for the dried extract, 0.4% for L1, 0.6% for L2 and 4% for L3. |
Broth and agar dilution methods |
n = 1/three times |
0, 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 days |
Inoculated TSB without smoke extracts served as positive controls. |
Non-inoculated flasks were used for sterility control. |
As food preservative. |
2929 Milly PJ, Toledo RT, Ramakrishnan S. Determination of minimum inhibitoryconcentrations of liquid smoke fractions. Food Microbiol Saf. 2005;70(1):12-17.
|
S. muenster, S. seftenburg, S. typhimurium, E. coli 8677, and P. putida; L. plantarum and L. innocua M1; S. cerevisiae and A. niger.
|
Nine commercial liquid smokes.11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
Fractions (v/v) were 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% to 10.0%. |
Broth or agar dilution methods |
n = 3/three times |
24 h |
Petri dishes with no smoke extracts that were inoculated. |
No. |
As food preservative. |
3232 Gedela S, Escoubas JR, Muriana PM. Effect of inhibitory liquid smoke fractions on Listeria monocytogenes during long-term storage of frankfurters. J Food Prot. 2007;70(2):386-391.
|
L. monocytogenes Scott A-2 (serotype 4b, clinical isolate), V7-2 (serotype 1/2a, milk isolate), 39-2 (retail frankfurter isolate), and 383-2 (ground beef isolate). |
Two commercial liquid smokes.11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
Dipped for 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 s with liquid smoke extract. |
Direct spiral plating methods |
n = 3 |
10 weeks |
Frankfurters not dipped. |
No. |
As food preservative. |
2828 Milly PJ, Toledo RT, Chen J. Evaluation of liquid smoke treated ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products for control of Listeria innocua M1. J Food Sci. 2008;73(4):M179-M183.
|
L. innocua M1, a strain of Listeria resistant to the antibiotics streptomycin and rifampicin. |
Four commercial liquid smokes.11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
2% |
Direct spiral plating methods |
n = 15 |
2 and 4 weeks |
Three samples of each meat product. |
No. |
As food preservative. |
3636 Van Loo EJ, Babu D, Crandall PG, Ricke SC, Van LE. Screening of commercial and pecan shell-extracted liquid smoke agents as natural antimicrobials against foodborne pathogens. J Food Prot. 2012;75(6):1148-1152.
|
S. Enteritidis (PTA 13A), E. coli 0157:H7 (ATCC 43888), S. aureus (ATCC 25923 and ATCC 6538), and two methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). L. monocytogenes 174 (serotype l/2a), L. monocytogenes 163 (serotype 4b), S. typhimurium 29, S. typhimurium LT2 (ATCC 19585), and S. aureus Col (MRSA). |
Eight commercial liquid smoke extracts. |
96%-0.375%. |
Broth microdilution method |
n = 3 |
24 h |
Control containing PBS solution. |
No. |
As food preservative. |
2727 Marumoto S, Yamamoto SP, Nishimura H, et al. Identification of a germicidal compound against picornavirus in bamboo pyroligneous acid. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(36):9106-9111.
|
Picornavirus, encephalomyocarditis virus. |
Two commercial liquid smokes. |
Not informed. |
Viral inactivation assay |
Not informed. |
6 h |
Not informed. |
Not informed. |
As an agent for preventing viral epidemics in agricultural and human environments. |
2626 Harada K, Iguchi A, Yamada M, Hasegawa K, Nakata T, Hikasa Y. Determination of maximum inhibitory dilutions of bamboo pyroligneous acid against pathogenic bacteria from companion animals: an in vitro study. J Vet Adv. 2013;3(11):300-305.
|
104 E. coli, 112 S. pseudintermedius and 58 P. aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs and cats. |
One commercial liquid smokes. |
Serial dilutions of BPA (i.e. 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, 1/11, 1/12, 1/13, 1/14, 1/15, 1/16, 1/17, 1/18, 1/19, and 1/20). |
Maximum inhibitory dilution/agar method |
n = 1 |
18 h |
E. coli, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius were used as quality controls. |
No. |
For antibacterial infections in animals. |
77 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Sheh-Hong L, Rusli W. Efficacy of pyroligneous acid from Rhizophora apiculata on pathogenic Candida albicans. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013;3(7):7-13, http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3702. http://dx.doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2013.3702...
|
Four strains of pathogenic C. albicans which were isolated from patients with suffering from urinary tract infection (two strains), vaginitis and onychomycosis (one each). |
Four extract of liquid smokes. |
Between 0.39 and 100.00 mg/mL. |
Disk diffusion method; broth dilution method; time-kill assay |
n = 3 |
24 and 48 h |
Not informed.
|
No. |
As an antifungal agent especially to treat candidal infections. |
11 Ibrahim D, Kassim J, Lim SH, Rusli W. Evaluation of antibacterial effects of Rhizophora apiculata pyroligneous acid on pathogenic bacteria. Malays J Microbiol. 2014;10(3):197-204.
|
B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. spizizenni, S. aureus, MRSA, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, E. coli, Erwinia sp., K. pneumonia, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Yersinia sp. (Industrial Biotechnology Research Laboratory Culture Collection.
|
Four extract of liquid smokes. |
Between 0.39 and 100.00 mg/mL. |
Disk diffusion method; broth dilution method; time-kill assay |
n = 3 |
24 h |
Chloramphenicol (Sigma, Germany) at the concentration of 30 µg/mL was used as a positive control. |
Commercial antibiotic disk GF A (Whatman, England) with 6.0 mm. |
As an antimicrobial agent against pathogenic bacteria. |
3333 Lingbeck J, Cordero P, O’Bryan CA, Johnson MG, Ricke SC, Crandall PG. Temperature effects on the antimicrobial efficacy of condensed smoke and lauric arginate against Listeria and Salmonella. J Food Prot. 2014;77(6):934-940.
|
L. monocytogenes 2045 (Scott A, serotype 4b, from Dr. Martin Weidemann, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY), L. monocytogenes 10403S (serotype l/2a, from Dr. Aubrey Mendonca, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames), L. innocua ATCC 33090, L. innocua Ml ATCC 33091, S. typhimurium LT2 ATCC 19585, and S. heidelberg ATCC 8326 (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA). |
Three commercial liquid smokes from Mesquite, Hickory and pecan shell. |
Eight serial dilutions ranged to 48 and 0.375% (v/v). |
Broth micro dilution/agar method |
n = 3 |
24 h |
Controls containing only PBS plus bacteria were included. |
No |
As food preservative. |
1919 Wei Q, Ma X, Dong J. Preparation, chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of pyroligneous acids from walnut tree branches. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2010;87(1):24-28.
|
S. aureus, E. coli, Bacterium proteus, Bacterium prodigious, and Aerobacter aerogenes.
|
Walnut tree branches. |
Concentrations of 40, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/mL. |
Disk diffusion and (EC50). |
Not informed.
|
Not informed.
|
Not informed.
|
Not informed.
|
As natural germicide. |
3434 Gao H, Su Y, Zhang Q, et al. Chemical constituents analysis and antimicrobial activities of pyroligneous acid of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Branch. Acta Bot Boreal-Occídent Sin 2011. 2011;31(10):2106-2112, 1000-4025(2011)10-2106-07 精J.
|
S. aureus, E. coli, B. prodigious, B. subtilis, A. aerogenes, Pseudomonas sp. and others non-human pathogenic. |
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Branch. |
Concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.5625, 0.781 mg/mL. |
Disk diffusion method. |
n = 1/three times |
48 h |
Sterile water. |
No. |
As germicide. |
3535 Kim SP, Kang MY, Park JC, Nam SH, Friedman M. Rice hull smoke extract inactivates Salmonella Typhimurium in laboratory media and protects infected mice against mortality. J Food Sci. 2012;77(1):80-85.
|
Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (ATCC #14028) (S. typhimurium) American Type Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, Va., U.S.A.). |
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) hull. |
Concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0% (v/v). |
Disk diffusion method. |
n = 3 |
24 h |
Not informed.
|
Not informed.
|
As antimicrobial flavor formulations for application to human foods and animal feeds. |
For in vitro assay and (1.0%, v/w) for in vivo assay. |
Salmonella-infected Balb/c mouse model. |
Three groups of 10 mice each. |
12/12 h for 48 h |
PBS-treated control. |
Vancomycin (20 mg/mL). |
|
Patents data |
3838 Tribble TB, Rose GW. Antimicrobial treatment and preservation of animal feedstuffs. United States Pat 4308293. 1981:1–9 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4308293.html. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4308293...
|
Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, C. albicans ATCC 10231, Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643, Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642, Chaetomium globosum ATCC 6205, Penicillium funiculosum ATCC 11797, Chaetomium globosum ATCC 6205, Gibberella zeae ATCC 24688, Trichoderma viride QM 9123, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomanas sp., Proteus sp., and Enterobacter sp. |
Cellulosic fiber materials, mainly hard wood fibers, such as hickory, maple and other hard woods. |
Not informed. |
Disk diffusion method |
As antimicrobial formulations for application to animal feedstuffs. |
3939 Chiu HS. Liquid smoke impregnated fibrous food casing. United States Pat 4377187. 1983:1–20 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4377187.html. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4377187...
|
P.sub.2B Penicillium P.sub.2C No easily recognizable conidial state; may belong in Mycelia Steriles P.sub.2D Penicillium P.sub.2E Penicillium P.sub.4 Trichoderms P.sub.5 Paecilomyces P.sub.9 Paecilomyces P.sub.11A Penicillium P.sub.11B Penicillium P.sub.12A Aspergillus P.sub.12B Penicillium S.sub.1 Fusarium S.sub.2 Penicillium S.sub.3 Monocillium S.sub.4 Penicillium S.sub.5 Penicillium S.sub.6 Penicillium R.sub.1 Penicillium R.sub.2 Penicillium R.sub.3 Penicillium V.sub.1 Penicillium V.sub.2 Penicillium Penicillium (either P.sub.2D or P.sub.12B) Aspergillus glaucus (source: T. LaBuza U. of Minnesota) A. niger ATCC 1004. |
Royal Smoke AA.sup.(a); Royal Smoke A.sup.(a); Royal Smoke B.sup.(a); Royal Smoke 16.sup.(a); Charsol C-12.sup.(b); Charsol C-10.sup.(b); Charsol X-11.sup.(b); Charsol C-6.sup.(b); Charsol C-3.sup.(b); Smokaroma Code - 12.sup.(c); Code - 10.sup.(c); Code - S.sup.(c); Code - 6.sup.(c). (a) Griffith Laboratories, Inc. 12200 South Central Avenue, Alsip, I. (b) Red Arrow Products Co., P.O. Box 507, Manitowoc, WI. (c) Meat Industry Suppliers, Inc. 770 Frontage Road, Northfield, IL. |
89 wt.% |
Number of viable molds. Antimycotic action. |
As a food preservative. |
4141 Lindner RL. Meat processing with Listeria monocytogene re-inoculation control stage. United States Pat 5043174. 1991:1–6 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5043174.html. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5043174...
|
L. monocytogenes
|
ZESTI SMOKE (Code 10) Hickory Specialties, Inc. of Brentwood, Tenn. |
Acetic acid in a concentration of about 6.5-8.0%; carbonyl 1.0-8.0%; 0.1-1.0%; and water 83-92.4% (w/v). |
Wieners sprayed. |
As food preservative. |
4343 Matsui S. Production of carbon fiber and carbon fiber produced thereby. Espac JP19980339429 – Japan. 1998;2000160476(2000160476), 20000613. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20000613&CC=JP&NR=2000160476A&…. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicat...
|
B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, MidoriMinorikin, Serratia, Salmonella.
|
Wood vinegar and bamboo vinegar, T = 500-900 ºC |
Not informed. |
Disk diffusion method. |
Hospital textile industry. |
4444 Chang MS. Cosmetic composition containing pyroligneous acid solution. Espac KR20030005075 A - Korea. 2003;2003000507(20030005075), 20030115. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20030115&CC=KR&NR=20030005075A…. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicat...
|
E. coli.
|
Wood vinegar is Quercus (by Caicos) T = 80-150 ºC |
Between 0.5% and 5.0%. |
Detection of bacteria in the wood vinegar. |
Cosmetic industry. |
4545 Ko SH, Lee HS, Park GS, Park SJ, Sim DS, Song HJ. Natural biodeodorizing agent composition. Espac KR20010048390. 2003;2003001405(20030014052), 20030215. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20030215&CC=KR&NR=20030014052A…. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicat...
|
E. coli, Salmonella sp., S. aureus, Vibrio sp. |
Not informed. |
Between 3.0% and 5.0%. |
Tested as to whether the growth inhibition on. |
New natural bio deodorant composition. |
4242 Patrick W, Ramakrishnam sreekumar F. Natural biodeodorizing agent composition. US 536160. 2004;1(19):1-43.
|
E. coli 8677, S. seftenberg, L. innocua M1, L. monocytogenes, S. cerevisiae, A. niger spores. |
ZESTI-SMOKE Code 1O and ZESTI-SMOKE Code V. Mastertaste of Crossville, Tennessee. |
Between 0.5% and 5.0%. |
Minimum inhibitory concentrations. |
As a food preservative. |
4646 Lee JH, Bai DG, Cho KJ, Huh SM, Park SH. Silver-ionized wood vinegar having enhanced antimicrobial activity and use thereof for improving or preventing disease caused by pathogenic bacteria. Espac KR20060109757 A - Korea. 2005;2006010975(20060109757). https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?II=0&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20061023&CC=KR&NR=20060109757A…. https://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicat...
|
E. coli, Salmonella sp., Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Vibrio sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Tricoderma sp. and Candida sp. (Candida krusei ATCC 6258, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida glabrata ATCC 90.03, C. albicans ATCC 64550 and ATCC 90028). |
Not informed. |
Between 100 µL to 1600 µL. |
Minimum inhibitory concentrations. |
As antiseptic is added to the food. |
4747 Byun MW. Pharmaceutical composition for ameliorating symptoms of atopic dermatitis without skin irritation comprising refined nontoxic wood vinegar having no harmful materials. PATENTSCOPE KR1020070042868 - Korea. 2007:970334. https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=KR970334&recNum=1&office=&queryString=FP%3A%28wood+vinegar+AND+antimicrobial+activ…
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/d...
|
Trichophyton rubrum.
|
Purified wood vinegar is acetic acid 2-4% by weight, formic acid 0.05 0.15 wt.%, Propionic acid 0.05 0.15 wt.%. |
1-5% of weight of the total weight of the medicament. |
Halo test. |
A medicament of atopic dermatitis containing refined wood vinegar. |
4848 Wu Y, Bedford J, Riley K. Antimicrobial smoke flavor for oral microflora control United. United States Pat Appl 20070212310. 2007:2013-2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299105800203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00144029910580...
|
Streptococcus mutans, Porphrymonas gingivalis, fusobacterium nucleatin ssp. polymorphum. |
ZESTI-SMOKE Code 1O and ZESTI-SMOKE Code V. Mastertaste of Crossville, Tennessee. |
Between 0.01% and 50.0%. |
Minimum inhibitory concentrations. |
As oral antimicrobial. |
4040 Bakal GJ. Preservatives for food. United States Pat Appl 20090011096. 2008:1–6 http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0011096.html. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0...
|
L. monocytogenes.
|
ZESTI-SMOKE Code 1O and ZESTI-SMOKE Code V. Mastertaste of Crossville, Tennessee. |
Between 0.05% and 5.0%. |
Halo test. |
As a food preservative. |