Corper and Cohn experiment |
Adaptation to stationary phase in conventional culture |
(Parrish et al., 1998Parrish NM, Dick JD, Bishai WR (1998) Mechanisms of latency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Trends Microbiol 6:107–112.) |
Mitchison and Dickinson |
Intermittent incubation at ranges of temperatures |
(Hu et al., 2000Hu Y, Mangan JA, Dhillon, J et al. (2000) Detection of mRNA transcripts and active transcription in persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced by exposure to rifampin or pyrazinamide. J Bacteriol 182:6358–6365.; Hu et al., 2003aHu Y, Coates A (2003a) Dormancy and Low Growth States in Microbial Disease, Cambridge University Press.) |
Wayne model |
Gradual oxygen depletion in sealed culture tubes with agitation |
(Wayne and Hayes, 1996Wayne LG, Hayes LG (1996) An in vitro model for sequential study of shiftdown of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through two stages of nonreplicating persistence. Infect Immun 64:2062–2069.) |
Hundred-day static culture |
Prolonged cultures in stationary phase without agitation and generation of rifampicin tolerance |
(Hu et al., 2006Hu Y, Coates AR, Mitchison DA (2006) Sterilising action of pyrazinamide in models of dormant and rifampicin-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 10:317–322.) |
Starvation model |
Cultivation in a nutrient-low medium |
(Betts et al., 2002Betts JC, Lukey PT, Robb LC et al. (2002) Evaluation of a nutrient starvation model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis persistence by gene and protein expression profiling. Mol Microbiol 43:717–731.) |
Chemostat culture system |
Growth under defined conditions and adaptation to static culture through carbon starvation |
(James et al., 2002James BW, Bacon J, Hampshire T et al. (2002) In vitro gene expression dissected: chemostat surgery for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comp Funct Genomics 3:345–347.) |
In vitro granuloma model |
Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain carrying a luciferase (lux) gene and lung myofibroblasts mixed with fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form a granuloma |
(Puissegur et al., 2004Puissegur MP, Botanch C, Duteyrat JL et al. (2004) An in vitro dual model of mycobacterial granulomas to investigate the molecular interactions between mycobacteria and human host cells. Cell Microbiol 6:423–433.) |
Nitrous oxide-based model |
Exposure to low-dose nitrous oxide |
(Voskuil et al., 2003Voskuil MI, Schnappinger D, Visconti KC et al.(2003) Inhibition of respiration by nitric oxide induces a Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy program. J Exp Med 198:705–713.) |
Hypoxic resazurin reduction assay |
Culture aliquots in vacutainer tubes followed by adding of redox indicator and visual inspection |
(Taneja and Tyagi, 2007Taneja NK, Tyagi JS (2007) Resazurin reduction assays for screening of anti-tubercular compounds against dormant and actively growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Antimicrob Chemother 60:288–293.) |
Low-oxygen recovery assay (LORA) |
Recombinant H37Rv expressing a dormancy luciferase gene from Vibrio harveyii
|
(Cho et al., 2007Cho SH, Warit S, Wan B et al. (2007) Low-oxygen-recovery assay for high-throughput screening of compounds against nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:1380–1385.) |
Whole-cell nitrate reductase assay |
Development of Wayne model in microplate format and monitoring nitrate reductase activity |
(Khan and Sarkar, 2008Khan A, Sarkar D (2008) A simple whole cell based high throughput screening protocol using Mycobacterium bovis BCG for inhibitors against dormant and active tubercle bacilli. J Microbiol Methods 73:62–68.) |
Microplate Phosphorylation Assay for the regulatory 2-component system DevR-DevS/Rv2027c |
96-well format and analysis by gel electrophoresis or radioactivity measurement by scintillation counting |
(Saini and Tyagi, 2005Saini DK, Tyagi JS (2005) High-throughput microplate phosphorylation assays based on DevR-DevS/Rv2027c 2-component signal transduction pathway to screen for novel antitubercular compounds. J Biomol Screen 10:215–224.) |