Effect of fungicide on <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>mycelial morphology and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> production

Miguel, Tatiana de Á.; Bordini, Jaqueline G.; Saito, Gervásio H.; Andrade, Célia G.T. de J.; Ono, Mario A.; Hirooka, Elisa Y.; Vizoni, Édio; Ono, Elisabete Y.S.

doi:10.1590/S1517-838246120120383

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Microbial Physiology • Braz. J. Microbiol. 46 (1) • Jan-Mar 2015 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-838246120120383 copy

Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioidesmycelial morphology and fumonisin B₁ production

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

The effect of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M on the mycelial morphology, sporulation and fumonisin B₁ production by Fusarium verticillioides 103 F was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the fungicide caused inhibition of hyphal growth and defects on hyphae morphology such as cell wall disruption, withered hyphae, and excessive septation. In addition, extracellular material around the hyphae was rarely observed in the presence of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M. While promoting the reduction of mycelial growth, the fungicide increased sporulation of F. verticillioides compared to the control, and the highest production occurred on the 14^th day in the treatments and on the 10^th day in the control cultures. Fumonisin B₁production in the culture media containing the fungicide (treatment) was detected from the 7^th day incubation, whereas in cultures without fungicide (control) it was detected on the 10^th day. The highest fumonisin B₁ production occurred on the 14^th day, both for the control and for the treatment. Fludioxonil + metalaxyl - M can interfere in F. verticillioides mycelial morphology and sporulation and increase fumonisin B₁ levels. These data indicate the importance of understanding the effects of fungicide to minimize the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and fumonisins.

toxigenic fungi; mycotoxin; scanning electron microscopy; electron micrographs; extracellular material

Incubation period (days)	Control		Treatment

	Cell count (spores/mL)^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	Ln cell count^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	Cell count (spores/mL)^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).	Ln cell count^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).
3	4.9 × 10⁷	17.7 ^b	1.1 × 10⁸	18.5 ^a
5	7.4 × 10⁷	18.1 ^a	1.2 × 10⁸	18.6 ^a
7	9.8 × 10⁷	18.4 ^b	1.9 × 10⁸	19.0 ^a
10	7.3 × 10⁷	18.1 ^b	1.9 × 10⁸	19.0 ^a
12	6.5 × 10⁷	18.0 ^b	1.9 × 10⁸	19.1 ^a
14	6.3 × 10⁷	18.0 ^b	2.2 × 10⁸	19.2 ^a
18	4.1 × 10⁷	17.5 ^b	2.2 × 10⁸	19.2 ^a
21	5.2 × 10⁷	17.7 ^b	2.0 × 10⁸	19.1 ^a

Incubation period (days)	Biomass (g)^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

	Control	Treatment
3	0.200 ^a	0.160 ^a
5	0.355 ^a	0.150 ^b
7	0.370 ^a	0.300 ^a
10	0.400 ^a	0.295 ^a
12	0.360 ^a	0.310 ^a
14	0.365 ^a	0.310 ^a
18	0.360 ^a	0.350 ^a
21	0.320 ^a	0.275 ^a

Incubation period (days)	Fumonisin B₁(μg/mL)^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

	Control	Treatment
3	ND	ND
5	ND	ND
7	ND	0.56
10	0.03 ^a	0.57 ^a
12	0.23 ^a	0.45 ^a
14	0.72 ^b	2.58 ^a
18	0.35 ^b	1.40 ^a
21	0.11 ^b	1.19 ^a

Incubation period (days)	Nitrogen (%)^x x Mean of three repetitions. Means followed by different letters (in the same line) indicate significant difference by the Tukey test (p < 0.05).

	Control	Treatment
3	0.015 ^a	0.011 ^a
5	0.009 ^a	0.008 ^a
7	0.008 ^a	0.009 ^a
10	0.009 ^a	0.008 ^a
12	0.009 ^a	0.009 ^a
14	0.009 ^a	0.010 ^a
18	0.008 ^a	0.008 ^a
21	0.008 ^a	0.010 ^a

Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia USP - ICB III - Dep. de Microbiologia, Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP - Brasil, Ramal USP 7979, Tel. / Fax: (55 11) 3813-9647 ou 3037-7095 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: bjm@sbmicrobiologia.org.br

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[1] Send correspondence to E.Y.S. Ono. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. E-mail: eysono@uel.br.

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Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioidesmycelial morphology and fumonisin B1 production

Effect of fungicide on Fusarium verticillioidesmycelial morphology and fumonisin B₁ production