Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K) |
Regulates cell proliferation, adhesion, survival, and motility. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) |
Regulates cell proliferation, responses against stress factors, apoptosis, and immune defense. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Protein kinase B (PKB) |
Regulates glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and migration. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) |
Regulates cytokine signal transduction and modulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Janus kinase (JAK) |
Involved in cell growth, survival, maturation, and differentiation in a variety of cell lineages, especially immune cells. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Activator of transcription (STAT) |
Regulates cell growth, survival, and differentiation. |
2121. Wessels I, Jansen J, Rink L, Uciechowski P. Immunosenescence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. ScientificWorldJournal 2010; 10: 145-160, doi: 10.1100/tsw.2010.14. https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.14...
|
Β-galactosidase (β-GAL) |
Cleaves terminal β-d-galactose residues, such as lactose, keratin sulfates, and sphingolipids. |
2323. de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Álvarez-Hernán G, Gaãán Y, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Is senescence-associated β-galactosidase a reliable in vivo marker of cellular senescence during embryonic development? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 623175, doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.62317...
,2525. Liu JY, Souroullas GP, Diekman BO, Krishnamurthy J, Hall BM, Sorrentino JA, et al. Cells exhibiting strong p16 (INK4a) promoter activation in vivo display features of senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2019; 116: 2603-2611, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1818313116. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818313116...
|
p16ink4a
|
Regulates cell cycle arrest. |
2323. de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Álvarez-Hernán G, Gaãán Y, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Is senescence-associated β-galactosidase a reliable in vivo marker of cellular senescence during embryonic development? Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9: 623175, doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.623175. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.62317...
-24. Giacinti C, Giordano A. RB and cell cycle progression. Oncogene 2006; 25: 5220-5227, doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209615. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209615...
2525. Liu JY, Souroullas GP, Diekman BO, Krishnamurthy J, Hall BM, Sorrentino JA, et al. Cells exhibiting strong p16 (INK4a) promoter activation in vivo display features of senescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2019; 116: 2603-2611, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1818313116. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818313116...
|
Lamin B1 |
Provides stability of intermediate filaments in cytoskeleton and is a scaffolding component of the nuclear envelope. |
2626. Shimi T, Butin-Israeli V, Adam SA, Hamanaka RB, Goldman AE, Lucas CA, et al. The role of nuclear lamin B1 in cell proliferation and senescence. Genes Dev 2011; 25: 2579-2593, doi: 10.1101/gad.179515.111. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.179515.111...
-27. Wang AS, Ong PF, Chojnowski A, Clavel C, Dreesen O. Loss of lamin B1 is a biomarker to quantify cellular senescence in photoaged skin. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 15678, doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15901-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15901...
2828. Freund A, Laberge RM, Demaria M, Campisi J. Lamin B1 loss is a senescence-associated biomarker. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23: 2066-2075, doi: 10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0884. https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-10-0884...
|