Stakeholder perceptions of decision-making process on marine biodiversity conservation on sal island (Cape Verde)

Ramos, Jorge; Oliveira, Miguel Tiago; Santos, Miguel N.

Abstracts

In the Sal Island (Cape Verde) there is a growing involvement, will and investment in the creation of tourism synergies. However, much of the economic potential of the island can be found submerged in the sea: it is its intrinsic 'biodiversity'. Due to this fact, and in order to balance environmental safety and human pressure, it has been developed a strategy addressing both diving and fishing purposes. That strategy includes the deployment of several artificial reefs (ARs) around the island. In order to allocate demand for diving and fishing purposes, we have developed a socio-economic research approach addressing the theme of biodiversity and reefs (both natural and artificial) and collected expectations from AR users by means of an inquiry method. It is hypothesized a project where some management measures are proposed aiming marine biodiversity conservation. Using the methodology named as analytic hierarchy process (AHP) it was scrutinized stakeholders' perception on the best practice for marine biodiversity conservation in the Sal Island. The results showed that to submerge obsolete structures in rocky or mixed areas have a high potential, but does not gathers consensuality. As an overall conclusion, it seems that limitation of activities is the preferred management option to consider in the future.

Marine biodiversity conservation; artificial reef project; Sal Island (Cape Verde); underwater tourism; Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Na Ilha do Sal (Cabo Verde) existe um crescente envolvimento, vontade e investimento na criação de sinergias turísticas. Contudo, muito do potencial económico da ilha está submerso - a biodiversidade marinha. Devido a este facto, e tendo em vista promover a sustentabilidade ambiental associada ao eco-turismo, vem sendo desenvolvida uma estratégia direccionada, quer ao mergulho, quer à pesca. Esta estratégia inclui a implantação de vários recifes artificiais (RA) na Baía de Santa Maria. De modo a alocar a procura para propósitos como o mergulho e a pesca, desenvolvemos um plano de pesquisa socio-económica relativo ao tema da biodiversidade e recifes (naturais e artificiais) e recolhemos as expectativas dos utilizadores de RAs. Assim, foi elaborado um projecto teórico cujo objectivo é a conservação da biodiversidade marinha, no qual são propostas algumas medidas de gestão. Através da utilização do método designado por processo analítico hierárquico (PAH) foi escrutinada a percepção dos utilizadores sobre as melhores práticas para a conservação da biodiversidade marinha na Ilha do Sal. Os resultados mostraram que o afundamento de estruturas obsoletas em áreas rochosas ou mistas parece ter um grande potencial, mas não é consensual. Em conclusão, a limitação de actividades de mergulho afigura-se como uma opção a considerar futuramente.

Conservação da biodiversidade marinha; Projeto de recifes artificiais; Ilha do Sal (Cabo Verde); Eco-turismo subaquático; Processo analítico hierárquico (PAH)

ALVES, L. M. M.; COSTA, A. L.; CARVALHO, M. G. Analysis of potential for market penetration of renewable energy technologies in peripheral islands. Renew. Energ., v. 19, p. 311-317, 2000.
ANANDA J.; HERATH, G. The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to incorporate stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy Econ., v. 5, n. 1, p. 13-26, 2003.
BOURDET, Y. Reforming the Cape Verdean Economy. The Economics of mudança. Afr. Spectr., v. 35, n. 2, p. 121-163, 2000.
BRITO, A.; FALCÓN, J. M.; HERRERA, R. Características zoogeográficas de la ictiofauna litoral de las Islas de Cabo Verde y comparación con los archipiélagos macaronésicos. Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc., v.18, p. 93-109, 2007.
CHRISTIE, I. T.; CROMPTON, D. Tourism in Africa. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001. Africa Region, Working paper Series No 12. Available from: <http://www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/wp12.htm >
DE STEIGUER, J. E.; DUBERSTEIN, J.; LOPES, V. L. The analytic hierarchy process as a means for integrated watershed management, 2003. Available from: <http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/icrw/Proceedings/ >
FORMAN, E.; PENIWATI, K. Aggregating individual judgments and priorities with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Eur. J. Oper. Res., v. 108, p.165-169, 1998.
GROVE, R. S.; SONU, C. J. Fishing reef planning in Japan. In: D'ITRI, F. M. (Ed.). Artificial reefs: marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers , 1985. p. 187-252.
HERATH, G.; PRATO, T. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in natural resource management. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing , 2006. 235 p.
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MCELROY, J. L.; MORRIS, L. African island development experiences: A cluster of models. Bank Valletta Rev., v. 26, p. 38-57, 2002.
MENEZES, G. M.; TARICHE, O.; PINHO, M. R.; DUARTE, P. N.; FERNANDES, A.; ABOIM, M. A. Annotated list of fishes caught by the R/V ARQUIPÉLAGO off the Cape Verde archipelago. Arquipélago: Life and marine sciences, v. 21A, p. 57-71, 2004.
MILON, J. W. Artificial marine habitat characteristics and participation behavior by sport anglers and divers. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 44, n. 2, p. 853-862, 1989a.
MILON, J. W. Economic evaluation of artificial habitat for fisheries: progress and challenges. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 44, n. 2, p. 831-843, 1989b.
MILON, J. W.; HOLLAND, S. M.; WHITMARSH, D. Social and economic evaluation methods. In: SEAMAN, W. (Ed.). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. Chapter 6. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000. p.165-194.
MORGAN O. A.; MASSEY D. M.; HUTH, W. L. Demand for large ship artificial reefs. Mar. Resour. Econ., v. 24, n. 1, p. 43-59, 2009.
MORRI, C.; CATTAENO-VIETTI, R.; SARTONI, G.; BIANCHI, C. N. Shallow epibenthic communities of Ilha do Sal (Cape Verde Archipelago, eastern Atlantic). Arquipélago: Life and marine sciences, v. Supplement 2 (Part A), p. 157-165, 2000.
MOTTET, M. G. Enhancement of the marine environment for fisheries and aquaculture in Japan. In: D'ITRI, F. M. (Ed.). Artificial reefs: marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers , 1985. p. 13-112.
PARKER, S.; KHARE, A. Understanding success factors for ensuring sustainability in ecotourism development in southern Africa. J. Ecotourism, v. 4, n. 1, p. 32-46, 2005.
PINTO, J. R.; ALMEIDA, M. M. Epidemiology of asthma in schoolchildren in Portuguese speaking regions. Rev. Fr. Allergol., v. 45, n. 7, p. 547-549, 2005.
RAMOS, J.; SANTOS, M. N.; WHITMARSH, D.; MONTEIRO, C. C. The usefulness of the analytic hierarchy process for understanding reef diving choices: a case study. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 78, n. 1, p. 213-219, 2006.
SAATY, T. How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Eur. J. Oper. Res., v. 48, n. 1, p. 9-26, 1990.
SAATY, T. L.; ALEXANDER J. M. Thinking with models: mathematical models in the physical, biological and social sciences. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981. 181 p.
SAATY, T.; ROGERS, P. C. Higher education in the United States (1985): scenario construction using a hierarchical framework with eigenvector weighting. Socio Econ. Plan. Sci., v. 10, p. 251-263, 1976.
SAATY, T. L.; VARGAS L. G. Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 333 p.
SEAMAN JR, W. ; JENSEN, A. C. Purposes and practices of artificial reef evaluation. Chapter 1. In: SEAMAN, W. (Ed.). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000. p. 1-19.
SEMENIUK, C. A. D.; HAIDER, W.; BEARDMORE, B.; ROTHLEY, K. D. A multi-attribute trade-off approach for advancing the management of marine wildlife tourism: a quantitative assessment of heterogeneous visitor preferences, Aquat. Conserv., v. 19, p. 194-208, 2009.
TAPPER, R. Wildlife watching and tourism: a study on the benefits and risks of a fast growing tourism activity and its impacts on species. Report prepared for United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 2006. 65 p.
TRIANTAPHYLLOU, E.; MANN, S. H. Using the analytic hierarchy process for decision making in engineering applications: some challenges. Int. J. Ind. Eng-Appl. P., v. 2, n. 1, p. 35-44, 1995.
TSENG, C. T.; CHEN, S. C.; HUANG, C. S.; LIU C. C. GIS-assisted site selection for artificial reefs. Fish. Sci., v. 67, p. 1015-1022, 2001.
WHITMARSH, D.; WATTAGE, P. Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland. Eur. Environ., v. 16, n. 2, p. 108-121, 2006.
WILKINSON, P. F. Strategies for tourism in island microstates. Ann. Tourism Res., v. 16, n. 2, p. 153-177, 1989.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
11 Oct 2011
Date of issue
2011

History

Reviewed
10 Apr 2011
Received
23 May 2010
Accepted
11 Apr 2011

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ALVES, L. M. M.; COSTA, A. L.; CARVALHO, M. G. Analysis of potential for market penetration of renewable energy technologies in peripheral islands. Renew. Energ., v. 19, p. 311-317, 2000.

[2] ANANDA J.; HERATH, G. The use of Analytic Hierarchy Process to incorporate stakeholder preferences into regional forest planning. Forest Policy Econ., v. 5, n. 1, p. 13-26, 2003.

[3] BOURDET, Y. Reforming the Cape Verdean Economy. The Economics of mudança. Afr. Spectr., v. 35, n. 2, p. 121-163, 2000.

[4] BRITO, A.; FALCÓN, J. M.; HERRERA, R. Características zoogeográficas de la ictiofauna litoral de las Islas de Cabo Verde y comparación con los archipiélagos macaronésicos. Rev. Acad. Canar. Cienc., v.18, p. 93-109, 2007.

[5] CHRISTIE, I. T.; CROMPTON, D. Tourism in Africa. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2001. Africa Region, Working paper Series No 12. Available from: <http://www.worldbank.org/afr/wps/wp12.htm >

[6] DE STEIGUER, J. E.; DUBERSTEIN, J.; LOPES, V. L. The analytic hierarchy process as a means for integrated watershed management, 2003. Available from: <http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/icrw/Proceedings/ >

[7] FORMAN, E.; PENIWATI, K. Aggregating individual judgments and priorities with the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Eur. J. Oper. Res., v. 108, p.165-169, 1998.

[8] GROVE, R. S.; SONU, C. J. Fishing reef planning in Japan. In: D'ITRI, F. M. (Ed.). Artificial reefs: marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers , 1985. p. 187-252.

[9] HERATH, G.; PRATO, T. Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis in natural resource management. Aldershot, England: Ashgate Publishing , 2006. 235 p.

[10] IRWIN, A.; WILSON, C. Cape Verde Islands, The Bradt Travel Guide. 4th ed. UK, 2009. 327 p.

[11] LEEWORTHY, V. R.; MAHER, T.; STONE, E. Can artificial reefs alter user pressure on adjacent natural reefs? Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 78, n. 1, p. 29-37, 2006.

[12] LEUNG, P., MURAOKA, J.; NAKAMOTO, S. T.; POOLEY, S. Evaluating fisheries management options in Hawaii using analytic hierarchy process. Fish. Res., v. 36, n. 2-3, p. 171-183, 1998.

[13] LOPER, C. E.; BALGOS, M. C.; BROWN, J.; CICIN-SAIN, B.; EDWARDS, P.; JARVIS, C. Small islands, large ocean states: A review of ocean and coastal management in small island developing states since the 1994. Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). University of Delaware, 2005. 87 p.

[14] MARDLE, S.; PASCOE, S. (Ed.). Multiple objectives in the management of EU fisheries: the methodology. Portsmouth, U.K.: University of Portsmouth, 2003a. 56 p. Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources, (CEMARE), Report n. 63.

[15] MARDLE, S.; PASCOE, S. (Ed.). EU Multiple objectives in the management of fisheries: preference elicitation. Portsmouth, U.K.: University of Portsmouth, 2003b. 188 p. Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE), Report n. 64.

[16] MCELROY, J. L.; MORRIS, L. African island development experiences: A cluster of models. Bank Valletta Rev., v. 26, p. 38-57, 2002.

[17] MENEZES, G. M.; TARICHE, O.; PINHO, M. R.; DUARTE, P. N.; FERNANDES, A.; ABOIM, M. A. Annotated list of fishes caught by the R/V ARQUIPÉLAGO off the Cape Verde archipelago. Arquipélago: Life and marine sciences, v. 21A, p. 57-71, 2004.

[18] MILON, J. W. Artificial marine habitat characteristics and participation behavior by sport anglers and divers. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 44, n. 2, p. 853-862, 1989a.

[19] MILON, J. W. Economic evaluation of artificial habitat for fisheries: progress and challenges. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 44, n. 2, p. 831-843, 1989b.

[20] MILON, J. W.; HOLLAND, S. M.; WHITMARSH, D. Social and economic evaluation methods. In: SEAMAN, W. (Ed.). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. Chapter 6. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000. p.165-194.

[21] MORGAN O. A.; MASSEY D. M.; HUTH, W. L. Demand for large ship artificial reefs. Mar. Resour. Econ., v. 24, n. 1, p. 43-59, 2009.

[22] MORRI, C.; CATTAENO-VIETTI, R.; SARTONI, G.; BIANCHI, C. N. Shallow epibenthic communities of Ilha do Sal (Cape Verde Archipelago, eastern Atlantic). Arquipélago: Life and marine sciences, v. Supplement 2 (Part A), p. 157-165, 2000.

[23] MOTTET, M. G. Enhancement of the marine environment for fisheries and aquaculture in Japan. In: D'ITRI, F. M. (Ed.). Artificial reefs: marine and freshwater applications. Chelsea, Michigan: Lewis Publishers , 1985. p. 13-112.

[24] PARKER, S.; KHARE, A. Understanding success factors for ensuring sustainability in ecotourism development in southern Africa. J. Ecotourism, v. 4, n. 1, p. 32-46, 2005.

[25] PINTO, J. R.; ALMEIDA, M. M. Epidemiology of asthma in schoolchildren in Portuguese speaking regions. Rev. Fr. Allergol., v. 45, n. 7, p. 547-549, 2005.

[26] RAMOS, J.; SANTOS, M. N.; WHITMARSH, D.; MONTEIRO, C. C. The usefulness of the analytic hierarchy process for understanding reef diving choices: a case study. Bull. Mar. Sci., v. 78, n. 1, p. 213-219, 2006.

[27] SAATY, T. How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process. Eur. J. Oper. Res., v. 48, n. 1, p. 9-26, 1990.

[28] SAATY, T. L.; ALEXANDER J. M. Thinking with models: mathematical models in the physical, biological and social sciences. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981. 181 p.

[29] SAATY, T.; ROGERS, P. C. Higher education in the United States (1985): scenario construction using a hierarchical framework with eigenvector weighting. Socio Econ. Plan. Sci., v. 10, p. 251-263, 1976.

[30] SAATY, T. L.; VARGAS L. G. Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. 333 p.

[31] SEAMAN JR, W. ; JENSEN, A. C. Purposes and practices of artificial reef evaluation. Chapter 1. In: SEAMAN, W. (Ed.). Artificial reef evaluation: with application to natural marine habitats. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000. p. 1-19.

[32] SEMENIUK, C. A. D.; HAIDER, W.; BEARDMORE, B.; ROTHLEY, K. D. A multi-attribute trade-off approach for advancing the management of marine wildlife tourism: a quantitative assessment of heterogeneous visitor preferences, Aquat. Conserv., v. 19, p. 194-208, 2009.

[33] TAPPER, R. Wildlife watching and tourism: a study on the benefits and risks of a fast growing tourism activity and its impacts on species. Report prepared for United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), 2006. 65 p.

[34] TRIANTAPHYLLOU, E.; MANN, S. H. Using the analytic hierarchy process for decision making in engineering applications: some challenges. Int. J. Ind. Eng-Appl. P., v. 2, n. 1, p. 35-44, 1995.

[35] TSENG, C. T.; CHEN, S. C.; HUANG, C. S.; LIU C. C. GIS-assisted site selection for artificial reefs. Fish. Sci., v. 67, p. 1015-1022, 2001.

[36] WHITMARSH, D.; WATTAGE, P. Public attitudes towards the environmental impact of salmon aquaculture in Scotland. Eur. Environ., v. 16, n. 2, p. 108-121, 2006.

[37] WILKINSON, P. F. Strategies for tourism in island microstates. Ann. Tourism Res., v. 16, n. 2, p. 153-177, 1989.

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Stakeholder perceptions of decision-making process on marine biodiversity conservation on sal island (Cape Verde)

Abstracts

Publication Dates

History