Figure 1
Circumsulcal depression illustrated by the black area: A- Complete (Symphurus tessellatus); B- Incomplete (Paralichthys triocellatus). (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa).
Figure 2
Proposed terminology for the suculus lapilli (black area). A) Genidens genidens, B) Genidens barbus. (Illustration: Laura Montserrat).
Figure 3
Proposed terminology for the incisura linea basalis. A) Amphiarius rugispinis, B) Sciades herzbergii, C) and D) Bagreprotocaribbeanus sp. (Adapted from AGUILERA et al., 2013).
Plate 1
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Genidens barbus lapillus from fish with total length: A. 504 mm. The ventral face is shown in A1; the dorsal face in A2; and the medial face in A3; (Illustration: Laura Montserrat; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 2
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Genidens genidens lapillus from fish with total length: A. 241 mm. The ventral face is shown in A1; the dorsal face in A2; and the medial face in A3 (Illustration: Laura Montserrat; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 3
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Achirus lineatus left sagitta from fish with total length: A. 151 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; the lateral face in A2; and the ventral profile in A3 (Illustration: Vanessa Seiko Sugihara; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 4
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Achirus lineatus right sagitta from fish with total length: A. 151 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; the lateral face in A2; and the ventral profile in A3 (Illustration: Vanessa Seiko Sugihara; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 5
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Citharichthys macrops left sagitta from fish with total length: A. 134 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; the lateral face in A2; and the ventral profile in A3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 6
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Citharichthys macrops right sagitta from fish with total length: A. 134 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; the lateral face in A2; and the ventral profile in A3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 7
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Citharichthys spilopterus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 63 mm; B. 183 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 8
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Citharichthys spilopterus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 63 mm; B. 183 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 9
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Etropus crossotus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 50 mm; B. 109 mm; C. 157 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 10
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Etropus crossotus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 50 mm; B. 109 mm; C. 157 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 11
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Etropus longimanus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 53 mm; B. 98 mm; C. 145 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 12
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Etropus longimanus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 53 mm; B. 98 mm; C. 145 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 13
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys isosceles left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 197 mm; B. 287 mm; C. 377 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 14
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys isosceles right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 197 mm; B. 287 mm; C. 377 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 15
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys patagonicus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 125 mm; B. 323 mm; C. 555 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 16
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys patagonicus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 125 mm; B. 323 mm; C. 555 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 17
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys triocellatus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 70 mm; B. 205 mm; C. 338 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 18
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Paralichthys triocellatus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 70 mm; B. 205 mm; C. 338 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 19
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Syacium papillosum left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 60 mm; B. 162 mm; C. 275 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 20
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Syacium papillosum right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 60 mm; B. 162 mm; C. 275 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 21
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Xystreurys rasile left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 76 mm; B. 248 mm; C. 392 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 22
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Xystreurys rasile right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 76 mm; B. 248 mm; C. 392 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; C1; the lateral face in A2; B2; C2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3; C3 (Illustration: Michelle Konig; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 23
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus tessellatus left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 137 mm; B. 218 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 24
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus tessellatus right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 137 mm; B. 218 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 25
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus jenynsi left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 128 mm; B. 231 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 26
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus jenynsi right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 128 mm; B. 231 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur)
Plate 27
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus plagusia left sagittae from fish with total length: A. 113 mm; B. 204 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Plate 28
Illustrations (above) and photographs (below) of Symphurus plagusia right sagittae from fish with total length: A. 113 mm; B. 204 mm. The medial face is shown in A1; B1; the lateral face in A2; B2; and the ventral profile in A3; B3 (Illustration: Alexandre Arackawa; Photos: Cesar Santificetur).
Genidens barbus (Lacepède 1803) Plate 1
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.32±0
2.32
2.32
OH/OL (%)
95.80±0
95.80
95.80
OT/OL (%)
49.53±0
49.53
49.53
OT/OH (%)
51.70±0
51.70
51.70
Circularity
14.07±0
14.07
14.07
Rectangularity
0.70±0
0.70
0.70
Genidens genidens (Cuvier 1829) Plate 2
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
4.15±0
4.15
4.15
OH/OL (%)
92.31±0
92.31
92.31
OT/OL (%)
48.55±0
48.55
48.55
OT/OH (%)
52.60±0
52.60
52.60
Circularity
14.26±0
14.26
14.26
Rectangularity
0.69±0
0.69
0.69
Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus 1758) Plates 3 and 4
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2,68±0
2.68
2.68
OH/OL (%)
74.75±0
74.75
74.75
OT/OL (%)
21.04±0
21.04
21.04
OT/OH (%)
28.15±0
28.15
28.15
Circularity
14.91±0
14.91
14.91
Rectangularity
0.77±0
0.77
0.77
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.54±0
2.54
2.54
OH/OL (%)
75.72±0
75.72
75.72
OT/OL (%)
22.98±0
22.98
22.98
OT/OH (%)
30.34±0
30.34
30.34
Circularity
14.86±0
14.86
14.86
Rectangularity
0.81±0
0.81
0.81
Citharichthys macrops Dresel 1885 Plates 5 and 6
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.41±0.17
2.11
2.60
OH/OL (%)
79.90±5.16
72.56
87.40
OT/OL (%)
17.85±1.62
15.54
20.57
OT/OH (%)
22.35±1.59
20.09
25.00
Circularity
14.66±0.33
14.24
15.28
Rectangularity
0.73±0.01
0.70
0.74
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.42±0.14
1.97
2.42
OH/OL (%)
80.44±4.99
72.18
85.42
OT/OL (%)
21.77±2.41
19.05
25.00
OT/OH (%)
27.06±2.51
24.62
31.58
Circularity
14.89±0.61
13.97
15.71
Rectangularity
0.72±0.02
0.69
0.74
Citharichthys spilopterus Günther 1862 Plates 7 and 8
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.39±0.22
1.98
2.88
OH/OL (%)
77.37±6.16
64.97
89.72
OT/OL (%)
18.7±1.84
15.99
23.73
OT/OH (%)
24.33±2.19
20.38
31.39
Circularity
14.54±0.43
13.62
15.55
Rectangularity
0.72±0.02
0.67
0.77
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.27±0.22
1.90
2.88
OH/OL (%)
76.45±5.82
66.66
89.36
OT/OL (%)
21.53±2.95
16.25
26.67
OT/OH (%)
28.77±3.97
23.30
45.10
Circularity
14.66±0.59
13.07
16.10
Rectangularity
0.70±0.03
0.64
0.75
Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 Plates 9 and 10
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.71±0.33
2.13
3.56
OH/OL (%)
78.88±6.17
61.39
93.39
OT/OL (%)
21.39±2.63
17.07
27.59
OT/OH (%)
27.12±2.45
22.00
32.43
Circularity
14.44±0.40
13.66
15.79
Rectangularity
0.74±0.02
0.70
0.79
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.71±0.34
2.07
3.45
OH/OL (%)
77.09±7.50
59.73
93.75
OT/OL (%)
23.35±3.54
17.31
33.67
OT/OH (%)
30.62±5.80
21.63
43.04
Circularity
14.74±0.62
13.76
17.18
Rectangularity
0.70±0.10
0.65
0.80
Etropus longimanus Norman 1933 Plates 11 and 12
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.79±0.27
2.03
3.46
OH/OL (%)
84.73±5.27
73.27
93.63
OT/OL (%)
23.84±2.85
18.62
31.38
OT/OH (%)
28.09±2.36
23.89
34.09
Circularity
14.06±0.38
13.40
15.09
Rectangularity
0.73±0.01
0.70
0.76
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.77±0.27
1.99
3.42
OH/OL (%)
85.24±5.59
75.47
98.20
OT/OL (%)
27.06±3.00
22.05
32.35
OT/OH (%)
31.74±2.65
25.26
36.17
Circularity
14.17±0.43
13.31
15.05
Rectangularity
0.71±0.02
0.66
0.76
Paralichthys isosceles Jordan 1891 Plates 13 and 14
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.43±0.16
1.94
3.19
OH/OL (%)
71.11±5.64
58.98
82.79
OT/OL (%)
22.72±2.15
16.93
27.44
OT/OH (%)
32.12±3.72
25.74
40.68
Circularity
14.52±0.5
13.73
16.75
Rectangularity
0.74±0.02
0.69
0.77
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.34±0.19
1.74
3.32
OH/OL (%)
69.76±5.1
58.45
82.25
OT/OL (%)
24.30±3.22
16.88
32.73
OT/OH (%)
34.96±4.9
21.95
54.11
Circularity
14.99±0.80
13.44
17.47
Rectangularity
0.73±0.04
0.58
0.83
Paralichthys patagonicus Jordan 1889 Plates 15 and 16
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.21±0.15
1.93
2.61
OH/OL (%)
66.42±4.68
57.52
78.57
OT/OL (%)
18.26±1.67
14.35
21.75
OT/OH (%)
27.53±2.1
20.71
32.57
Circularity
16.45±1.41
14.71
22.59
Rectangularity
0.70±0.02
0.64
0.79
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.10±0.13
1.71
2.43
OH/OL (%)
65.25±5.26
47.21
93.97
OT/OL (%)
21.23±2.91
14.38
27.80
OT/OH (%)
32.63±4.57
22.30
47.64
Circularity
16.33±1.37
14.39
21.37
Rectangularity
0.70±0.05
0.63
0.98
Paralichthys triocellatus Miranda Ribeiro 1903 Plates 17 and 18
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.46±0.24
2.04
3.37
OH/OL (%)
72.62±5.77
64.06
87.43
OT/OL (%)
21.47±2.68
16.59
31.75
OT/OH (%)
29.63±3.42
24.32
42.55
Circularity
14.76±1.62
13.21
26.20
Rectangularity
0.73±0.03
0.64
0.81
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.71±0.28
1.27
2.60
OH/OL (%)
72.11±5.59
61.70
84.64
OT/OL (%)
24.52±3.7
17.46
36.49
OT/OH (%)
34.07±4.95
26.13
49.54
Circularity
20.16±1.04
12.35
14.79
Rectangularity
0.73±0.04
0.65
0.96
Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus 1758) Plates 19 and 20
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.94±0.26
2.54
4.10
OH/OL (%)
76.36±3.84
66.62
83.64
OT/OL (%)
22.24±2.48
16.51
27.33
OT/OH (%)
29.10±2.71
23.13
33.33
Circularity
15.60±1.19
13.85
19.16
Rectangularity
0.79±0.02
0.75
0.83
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.95±0.27
2.57
4.15
OH/OL (%)
77.78±12.09
67.27
89.36
OT/OL (%)
21.06±3.02
14.85
28.64
OT/OH (%)
26.43±3.25
20.85
35.62
Circularity
15.45±1.27
13.78
19.64
Rectangularity
0.75±0.04
0.68
0.82
Xystreurys rasile (Jordan 1891) Plates 21 and 22
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.30±0.16
1.70
2.65
OH/OL (%)
63.76±4.40
54.33
76.65
OT/OL (%)
18.71±3.64
14.51
44.89
OT/OH (%)
28.85±2.65
22.97
36.33
Circularity
15.13±0.56
14.40
17.50
Rectangularity
0.72±0.02
0.68
0.76
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
2.31±0.13
1.89
2.63
OH/OL (%)
62.86±4.68
53.17
72.98
OT/OL (%)
19.05±2.54
14.71
27.33
OT/OH (%)
30.32±3.06
23.94
41.36
Circularity
15.09±0.59
14.00
17.38
Rectangularity
0.71±0.02
0.68
0.79
Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) Plates 23 and 24
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.48±0.09
1.38
1.59
OH/OL (%)
109.25±2.81
104.35
112.54
OT/OL (%)
33.18±2.60
30.14
36.64
OT/OH (%)
30.35±1.92
27.50
33.07
Circularity
13.52±0.41
13.09
14.29
Rectangularity
0.74±0.02
0.72
0.77
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.53±0.11
1.38
1.67
OH/OL (%)
106.33±2.64
102.33
110.03
OT/OL (%)
30.34±2.32
26.61
33.72
OT/OH (%)
28.56±2.44
24.80
32.95
Circularity
13.20±0.53
11.98
14.02
Rectangularity
0.76±0.01
0.75
0.77
Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall 1906 Plates 25 and 26
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.31±0.04
1.26
1.36
OH/OL (%)
114.13±5.84
105.36
123.83
OT/OL (%)
34.86±5.04
27.59
43.95
OT/OH (%)
30.57±4.39
24.10
37.50
Circularity
13.45±0.25
13.11
13.92
Rectangularity
0.77±0.02
0.74
0.79
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.28±0.05
1.21
1.35
OH/OL (%)
113.03±4.70
104.92
121.53
OT/OL (%)
33.05±4.84
25.38
42.81
OT/OH (%)
29.27±4.34
24.10
37.75
Circularity
13.57±0.20
13.27
13.96
Rectangularity
0.77±0.02
0.71
0.80
Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Schneider 1801) Plates 27 and 28
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.52±0.41
1.25
3.31
OH/OL (%)
107.19±4.35
99.13
116.09
OT/OL (%)
33.33±4.08
27.14
42.86
OT/OH (%)
31.08±3.45
25.11
38.92
Circularity
13.49±0.31
13.08
14.42
Rectangularity
0.75±0.02
0.73
0.79
Shape indices
Mean±Sd
Minimum
Maximum
OL/TL (%)
1.47±0.15
1.24
1.80
OH/OL (%)
105.82±4.01
98.73
113.78
OT/OL (%)
31.78±3.67
26.19
40.78
OT/OH (%)
30.03±3.26
25.70
37.70
Circularity
16.73±16.26
12.97
94.77
Rectangularity
0.75±0.01
0.73
0.79
