Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)*

Abessa, Denis; Vicente, Thaisa Marques; Moreira, Lucas Buruaem; Morais, Lucas Gonçalves; Cruz, Ana Carolina Feitosa; Massonetto, Mirella; Campos, Bruno Galvão de; Bícego, Márcia Caruso; Taniguchi, Satie; Hortellani, Marcos Antonio; Sarkis, Jorge Eduardo de Souza

doi:10.1590/S1679-87592017128606504

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Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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Original Articles • Braz. j. oceanogr. 65 (4) • Oct-Dec 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-87592017128606504 copy

Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)^* * Reference article of the Project MAPELMS - Environmental Monitoring of the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In this study, the quality of sediments from three Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) located on the coast of São Paulo (Laje de Santos Marine State Park - PEMLS; Xixova-Japui State Park - XJSP; and Central Coast Marine Protection Area - APAMLC) was assessed. Four sampling surveys were conducted (September/October 2013; January 2014; July 2014; January 2015). Sediment samples were collected at10 sites, distributed along the 3 MPAs. Samples were analyzed for sediment texture, total organic carbon, CaCO₃, metals, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and for whole-sediment and sediment-water interface toxicities. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate data. Most of the sediments exhibited low concentrations of chemicals, with the exception of those from P2 (APAMLC) where moderate levels of contaminants were detected. Sediments from P7 and P9 (PEMLS) occasionally showed signs of petroleum hydrocarbons. The other sediments showed no relevant contamination but presented variable toxicity, especially those of bioclastic composition. The PCA indicated a contribution of the sediment properties to the toxicities, especially the CaCO₃. In bioclastic sediments, toxicity might be due to physical causes by or any indirect factor such as the presence of ammonia. It was concluded that both natural and anthropic factors are causing toxicity in sediments from the MPAs studied.

Descriptors:
Toxicity; Metals; Hydrocarbons; Marine Protected Area; Sediment

Site	Location	Coordinates	Depth (m)	MPA
		E-UTM	N-UTM
P1	Parcel dos Moleques	358876	7342365	9	XJSP
P2	Ilha da Moela	370868	7339746	20	APAMLC
P3	Parcel Dom Pedro	343505	7315605	25	APAMLC
P4	Close to the disposal site of dredged material	368674	7325527	20	-
P5	Parcel do Bandolim	380013	7314669	35	PEMLS
P6	Parcel do Brilhante	381749	7313355	15	PEMLS
P7	Laje de Santos	380035	7309982	30	PEMLS
P8	Rochedos	382040	7308928	35	PEMLS
P9	Parcel do Sul	379806	7309168	20	PEMLS
P10	Parcel Novo	380970	7307516	35	PEMLS

Survey	TOC (%)				CaCO₃ (%)				Mud (%)
Survey	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4
Sampling sites	P1	0.18	0.32	0.07	0.58	2.33	2.41	3.92	6.42	0.06	0.84	3.69	14.64
	P2	0.36	3.68	2.59	1.96	7.7	8.71	12.11	13.49	100.01	100	97.12	91.2
	P3	0.31	0.18	0.22	0.13	85.13	2.14	83.42	3.07	2.82	0.19	3.36	3.17
	P4	0.22	0.19	0.07	0.12	3.28	3.1	4.06	3.68	0.3	0.26	0.38	2.49
	P5	0.29	0.14	0.21	0	26.97	8.94	5.45	5.44	0.72	0.41	0.74	3.56
	P6	0.31	0.22	0.21	0.21	6.55	2.5	2.6	78.8	0.62	0.57	1.2	24.93
	P7	0.49	0.49	0.2	0.28	58.07	77.64	78.5	80.07	2.51	4.16	2.79	11.03
	P8	0.48	0.23	0.37	0.16	61.95	5.06	67.98	5.14	3.7	0.21	17.12	6.12
	P9	0.48	0.41	0.29	0.24	68.04	92.93	64.49	88.66	6.71	6.22	27.14	31.23
	P10	0.31	0.19	0.11	0.24	7.07	2.56	4.85	27.06	0.74	0.86	1.44	7.25

Sample	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr	Fe	Al	Co	Cd	Hg	Cu	Ʃn-alcanes	ƩAliphatics	ƩHPA
P1	19.24	<12	<1.1	10.6	1.31	0.589	3.07	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.16	1.64	5.45
P2	71.81	19.9	14.93	37.2	3.33	4.2	8.35	<0.6	0.03	14.93	10.3	39.1	671
P3	9.64	<12	<1.1	4.7	0.454	0.497	<1.7	<0.6	<0.03	0.91	0.32	1.55	9.11
P4	5.08	<12	<1.1	5	0.33	0.36	<1.7	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.05	1.06	<1
P5	7.1	<12	<1.1	6.86	0.382	0.384	<1.7	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.11	1.2	<1
P6	9.33	<12	1.29	6.65	0.47	0.46	1.94	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.09	1.02	<1
P7	15.45	<12	1.6	4.08	0.514	0.65	<1.7	<0.6	<0.03	0.91	0.16	1.28	7.01
P8	12.31	<12	1.99	4	0.531	0.646	<1.7	<0.6	<0.03	1.99	0.25	1.7	2.32
P9	16.19	<12	2.89	7.03	0.766	0.88	2.1	<0.6	<0.03	1.93	2.27	4.84	132
P10	10.56	<12	<1.1	8	0.525	0.63	2.33	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.04	0.97	<1
TEL1	124	30.2	15.9	52.3	-	-	-	0.7	0.13	18.7	-	-	1684
PEL1	271	122	42.8	160	-	-	-	4.21	0.696	108	-	-	16770
SQV2	37.9 61.7	10.3 19.2	3.89 6.02	65.8	-	-	4.1 10.3	0.75	0.08 0.32	69	-	-	163 950
BG3	51	15	14	31	2.9	2.1	7.3	0.11	0.12	14	-	-	-
BG4	63.8	<0.26	11.2	27.8	-	-	6.7	<0.02	<0.02	11	-	-	-

Sample	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr	Fe	Al	Co	Cd	Hg	Cu	Ʃn-alcanes	ƩAliphatics	ƩHPA
P1	19.65	<12	1.5	15.4	1.362	0.597	3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.06	1.08	1.55
P2	73.50	18.0	17.6	57.4	3.40	4.13	9.6	<0.6	0.144	14.9	5.66	27.9	2023
P3	3.70	<12	<1.5	5.0	0.24	0.188	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.04	0.71	<1.00
P4	4.78	<12	<1.5	5.8	0.312	0.218	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.05	1.02	<1.00
P5	6.01	<12	<1.5	8.4	0.328	0.259	<3.9	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.06	0.55	<1.00
P6	8.09	<12	1.8	11.8	0.478	0.39	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.06	0.65	<1.00
P7	19.00	<12	2.5	7.8	0.486	0.498	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	1.6	0.15	0.56	3.58
P8	8.70	<12	<1.5	11.2	0.474	0.381	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.15	0.68	1.47
P9	5.43	<12	2.00	7.4	0.231	0.164	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<1.0	0.42	1.26	19.9
P10	9.00	<12	<1.5	12.6	0.492	0.44	<3.0	<0.6	<0.03	<0.9	0.16	1.35	17.0
TEL1	124	30.2	15.9	52.3	-	-	-	0.7	0.13	18.7	-	-	1684
PEL1	271	122	42.8	160	-	-	-	4.21	0.696	108	-	-	16770
SQV2	37.9 61.7	10.3 19.2	3.89 6.02	65.8	-	-	4.1 10.3	0.75	0.08 0.32	69	-	-	163 950
BG3	51	15	14	31	2.9	2.1	7.3	0.11	0.12	14	-	-	-
BG4	63.8	<0.26	11.2	27.8	-	-	6.7	<0.02	<0.02	11	-	-	-

Sample	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr	Fe	Al	Co	Cd	Hg	Cu	Ʃn-alcanes	ƩAliphatics	ƩHPA
P1	22.49	<10	2.4	10	1.346	0.459	3.24	<0.6	<0.03	1.07	0.31	0.98	10.4
P2	61.12	21.5	12.4	33.65	2.71	2.04	7.17	<0.6	<0.03	11.2	5.61	21.2	480
P3	6.36	<10	<1.4	2.73	0.298	0.193	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.12	0.88	1.85
P4	4.54	<10	<1.4	4.6	0.274	0.1662	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.01	0.68	<1.00
P5	6.32	<10	<1.4	6.2	0.302	0.198	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.01	0.72	<1.00
P6	8.81	<10	1.4	7.19	0.409	0.253	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.01	0.69	<1.00
P7	13.39	<10	<1.4	2.77	0.206	0.184	<3	<0.6	<0.03	1.2	0.07	0.99	<1.00
P8	12.23	<10	2.3	7.4	0.584	0.401	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.19	1.04	<1.00
P9	10.31	<10	1.4	5.6	0.514	0.29	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.44	1.55	8.12
P10	9.04	<10	1.4	6.61	0.437	0.261	<3	<0.6	<0.03	<1	0.02	0.73	<1.00
TEL1	124	30.2	15.9	52.3	-	-	-	0.7	0.13	18.7	-	-	1684
PEL1	271	122	42.8	160	-	-	-	4.21	0.696	108	-	-	16770
SQV2	37.9 61.7	10.3 19.2	3.89 6.02	65.8	-	-	4.1 10.3	0.75	0.08 0.32	69	-	-	163 950
BG3	51	15	14	31	2.9	2.1	7.3	0.11	0.12	14	-	-	-
BG4	63.8	<0.26	11.2	27.8	-	-	6.7	<0.02	<0.02	11	-	-	-

Sample	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr	Fe	Al	Co	Cd	Hg	Cu	Ʃn-alcanes	ƩAliphatics	ƩHPA
P1	34.61	<12	2.3	16.6	1.794	1.485	4.23	<0.6	0.0295	4.27	1.360	2.58	85.8
P2	74	16.1	14.4	35.33	3.02	4.05	9.07	<0.6	0.103	15	5.040	22.7	624
P3	7.92	<12	<1	1.42	0.285	0.345	<3	<0.6	0.0184	1.07	0.034	1.39	<1.00
P4	7.92	<12	<1	5.6	0.345	0.363	<3	<0.6	0.0086	<1	0.005	0.78	<1.00
P5	9.49	<12	<1	4.5	0.349	0.35	<3	<0.6	0.0152	1.05	0.049	1.36	4.54
P6	15.84	<12	<1	5	0.586	0.655	<3	<0.6	0.015	<1	0.210	1.68	26
P7	17.23	<12	<1	3	0.363	0.462	<3	<0.6	0.0104	<1	0.160	2.00	13.1
P8	9.51	<12	<1	5.6	0.48	0.498	<3	<0.6	0.0146	<1	0.074	1.21	4.51
P9	13.34	<12	<1	2.8	0.642	0.667	<3	<0.6	0.0302	<1	0.170	1.53	19.1
P10	12.6	<12	<1	7.2	0.619	0.577	<3	<0.6	0.0154	<1	0.049	1.01	6.14
TEL1	124	30.2	15.9	52.3	-	-	-	0.7	0.13	18.7	-	-	1684
PEL1	271	122	42.8	160	-	-	-	4.21	0.696	108	-	-	16770
SQV2	37.9 61.7	10.3 19.2	3.89 6.02	65.8	-	-	4.1 10.3	0.75	0.08 0.32	69	-		163 950
BG3	51	15	14	31	2.9	2.1	7.3	0.11	0.12	14	-	-	-
BG4	63.8	<0.26	11.2	27.8	-	-	6.7	<0.02	<0.02	11	-	-	-

Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 , 05508-120 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo - SP - Brasil, Tel.: (55 11) 3091-6501, Fax: (55 11) 3032-3092 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[1] **Corresponding author: dmabessa@clp.unesp.br

Brasil

Brasil

Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)* * Reference article of the Project MAPELMS - Environmental Monitoring of the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos

Abstract

Assessing the sediment quality of the Laje de Santos marine state park and other marine protected areas of the central coast of São Paulo (Brazil)^* * Reference article of the Project MAPELMS - Environmental Monitoring of the State Marine Park of Laje de Santos