Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal

Arroyo, Helena Hotz; Olivetti, Isabela Peixoto; Lima, Leila Freire Rego; Jurado, José Roberto Parisi

doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.09.009

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Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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Sumário

REVIEW ARTICLE • Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. 82 (05) • Sep-Oct 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.09.009 copy

Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal^{^☆} ☆ Please cite this article as: Arroyo HH, Olivetti IP, Lima LF, Jurado JR. Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:596-601.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

The esthetic balance of the face results from harmonic and symmetrical facial proportions. The literature describes several methods for lower-third facial analysis, but lacks a simple and practical method.

OBJECTIVE:

To review the methods of analysis of the ideal projections of the chin based on soft tissues, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each.

METHODS:

Literature review through the PubMed database.

RESULTS:

The following methods for chin analysis based on soft tissues were reviewed: Gonzalles-Ulloa, Goode, Merrifield, Silver, Legan, Gibson & Calhoun, cervicomentual angle, and mentocervical angle.

CONCLUSION:

An adequate analysis of the proportions of the face and facial disharmony is essential for the correct indication of the necessary procedures and good surgical outcome. The authors propose an algorithm to facilitate the indication for chin augmentation surgery.

Keywords:
Genioplasty; Chin; Plastic surgery; Maxillofacial development; Jaw

Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Sede da Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico Facial, Av. Indianópolia, 1287, 04063-002 São Paulo/SP Brasil, Tel.: (0xx11) 5053-7500, Fax: (0xx11) 5053-7512 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@aborlccf.org.br

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[1] * Corresponding author. E-mail:helenaharroyo@hotmail.com (H.H. Arroyo).

Method of analysis	Description	Ideal values	Advantages	Disadvantages
Gonzalles-Ulloa - zero meridian	Line perpendicular to Frankfort line passing through the nasion	Pogonion in line or right posterior to it	Simple	Depends on the Frankfort line; varies with nasion
Goode - perpendicular alar	Line perpendicular to Frankfort line going through the alar groove	Pogonion in line or right posterior to it	Simple	Modified with the size of the alar base; depends on the Frankfort line
Merrifield angle Z	Angle between the line of Frankfort and a line drawn between the pogonion and most protuberant lip region	Between 75° and 85°	Analysis based on soft tissues	Depends on the Frankfort line
Legan - angle of facial convexity	Angle formed between the line from the glabella to the subnasal point and another from the subnasal point to the pogonion	Between 8° and 16° - ideally 12°	Analysis based on soft tissues	Modified with maxillary hypoplasia
Facial triangle of Gibson & Calhoun	Triangle formed between the tragus (T), the subnasal point (S) and the point of chin definition (C)	TC/TS from 1.15 to 1.19 and the S angle from 88° to 93°	Analysis based on soft tissues	Requires calculations
Silver	Line perpendicular to the Frankfort line, tangential to the mucocutaneous transition of the lower lip	Pogonion in line or 2mm behind	Simple	Very comprehensive; depends on the Frankfort line
Cervicomental angle	One submental line and one that is tangential to the neck at the subcervical region intersection	121° - ? 126° - ?	Analysis based on soft tissues	It is modified with the subcutaneous neck tissue
Mentocervical angle	From the nasal tip to the pogonion, crossing the submental line	110°-120°	Integrates the nasal tip analysis, neck position and chin projection	It is modified with the nasal tip

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Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal☆ ☆ Please cite this article as: Arroyo HH, Olivetti IP, Lima LF, Jurado JR. Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:596-601.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

OBJECTIVE:

METHODS:

RESULTS:

CONCLUSION:

Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal^{^☆} ☆ Please cite this article as: Arroyo HH, Olivetti IP, Lima LF, Jurado JR. Clinical evaluation for chin augmentation: literature review and algorithm proposal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;82:596-601.