Microbial evaluation of implant surface – a clinical study comparing submerged, non-submerged and immediately loaded implants

Furquim, Fabio; Deliberador, Tatiana Miranda; Giacomel, Maria Cecília Lopes; Weiss, Suyany Gabriely; Zielak, João César; Scariot, Rafaela

doi:10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8664809

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Brasil

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

Español English

Brasil

Español English

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Original Article • Braz J Oral Sci. 21 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v21i00.8664809 copy

Microbial evaluation of implant surface – a clinical study comparing submerged, non-submerged and immediately loaded implants

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Aim

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the microbial contamination in internal and external walls of cone morse implant walls.

Methods

Eleven patients with edentulous mandibular posterior area were selected to received dental implants, divided into groups: submerged (S), non-submerged (NS), and immediately loaded (IL). Microbiological evaluations (microorganisms’ number, aerobic and anaerobic colony forming units (CFU) number and microorganisms’ qualification) were divided into internal and external collection of the implant walls, at different stages: T0 (surgical procedure), T2 (suture removal), T4 (reopening S group), T6 (suture removal S group), and T8 (abutment placement in S and NS). All data were submitted to statistical analyses, with confidence level of 0.05.

Results

There was difference in number of microorganisms observed over time within the same group (p < 0.05). A difference was observed in CFU when evaluated within the same group over time (p < 0.05), except for the IL group. In internal collection, a predominance of non-formation of microorganisms was observed at T0 in all groups, while formation of Gram-positive Diplococci and Gram-positive Bacilli was observed at T8 (p>0.05). In external collection, an increase in number of microorganisms was observed at T0.

Conclusion

There was no difference in microbial contamination among the evaluated groups. The microorganism’s colonization changed over time.

Dental implants; Surgery, oral; Actinobacteria

Collection	Groups	T0	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	T9	p-value (stage)
Collection	Groups	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	p-value (stage)
Internal	S	0.03 ^b (0.01–0.32)	1.15 ^a (0.53–1.59)	-	-	0.72 ^ab (0.12–0.82)	1.54 ^a (0.81–2.11)	-	-	0.00 ^b (0.03–0.09)	1.28 ^a (1.06–1.72)	< 0.001
	NS	0.036 ^ab (0.01–0.23)	0.89 ^c (0.13–1.51)	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.46 ^a (0.01–0.20)	1.22 ^b (0.82–1.44)	< 0.001
	IL	0.04 ^a (0.01–0.64)	1.24 ^b (0.17–1.58)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.005
External	S	-	-	-	-	0.44 ^a (0.10–0.59)	1.08 ^a (0.36–2.21)	0.04 ^b (0.01–0.10)	1.28 ^a (0.91–1.55)	0.03 ^bc (0.01–0.05)	1.28 ^a (1.06–1.72)	< 0.001
	NS	0.15 ^a (0.09–0.34)	1.54 ^ab (0.97–1.71)	0.25 ^a (0.09-0.36)	1.83 ^b (1.31-2.25)	-	-	-	-	0.03 ^c (0.02–0.15)	1.35 ^b (1.02–1.70)	< 0.001
	IL	0.22 ^a (0.13–0.70)	1.74 ^b (1.15–1.86)	0.22 ^a (0.14–0.72)	1.95 ^b (1.05-2.26)	-	-	-	-	-	-	< 0.001

Collection	Stages	Submerged Group	Non-submerged Group	Immediately Loaded Group	p-value
Collection	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	Median (Min-Max)	p-value
Internal	T0	0.04 (0.01–0.32)	0.04 (0.01–0.30)	0.07 (0.01–0.64)	0.896
	T1	1.15 (0.30–1.59)	1.17 (0.13–1.56)	1.25 (0.17–1.58)	0.929
	T8	0.05 (0.02–0.09)	0.05 (0.01–0.20)	-	1
	T9	1.34 (1.06–1.95)	1.19 (0.82–1.56)	-	0.104
External	T0	-	0.15 (0.02–0.36)	0.22 (0.10–0.70)	0.06
	T1	-	1.53 (0.99–1.71)	1.62 (0.66–1.86)	0.695
	T2	-	0.18 (0.09–0.36)	0.22 (0.14–0.76)	0.292
	T3	-	1.83 (1.31–2.25)	1.73 (1.05–2.26)	0.794
	T8	0.03 (0.01–0.05)	0.03 (0.02–0.33)	-	0.179
	T9	1.42 (1.06–1.72)	1.35 (1.02–1.70)	-	0.479

		T0 p value	T2 p value	T8 p value
Internal	Aerobic (S, NS, IL)	0.423	-	1
Internal	Anaerobic (S, NS, IL)	0.378	-	1
External	Aerobic (S, NS, IL)	0.365	0.748	0.730
External	Anaerobic (S, NS, IL)	0.562	0.748	1

Collection	Groups	Stages	Aerobic CFU (n)				Stages	Anaerobic CFU (n)
Collection	Groups	Stages	No Growth (n)	Countable (n)	Uncountable (n)	p-value	Stages	No Growth (n)	Countable (n)	Uncountable (n)	p-value
Internal	S	T0 ^a	5	6	0	>0.001	T0 ^a	8	3	0	0.02
		T4 ^b	-	3	6		T4 ^bc	2	3	4
		T8 ^bc	-	-	9		T8 ^b	-	-	9
	NS	T0	7	4	0	0.03	T0	9	2	0	0.02
	NS	T8	-	-	9	0.03	T8	-	-	9	0.02
	IL	T0	8	3	0	-	T0	6	5	0	-
External	S	T4	1	2	6	0.05	T4	-	-	9	1
		T6	-	-	9		T6	-	-	9
		T8	-	-	9		T8	-	-	9
	NS	T0 ^a	5	2	4	0.02	T0 ^a	5	3	3	0.02
		T2 ^ab	-	4	7		T2 ^ab	-	-	9
		T8 ^b	-	-	9		T8 ^b	-	-	9
	IL	T0	3	3	5	0.10	T0	2	5	4	0.18
	IL	T2	-	2	9	0.10	T2	-	4	7	0.18

Collection	Groups	Microorganisms		T0	T2	T4	T6	T8
Internal	Submerged	Non-formation	Aerobic	+++	X	-	X	-
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	+++	X	+	X	-
		G+ Diplococci	Aerobic	+++	X	++	X	+++
		G+ Diplococci	Anaerobic	++	X	++	X	+++
		G+ Bacilli	Aerobic	-	X	+++	X	+++
		G+ Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	X	+++	X	+
	Non-Submerged	Non-formation	Aerobic	+++	X	X	X	-
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	+++	X	X	X	-
		G+ Diplococci	Aerobic	+++	X	X	X	+++
		G+ Diplococci	Anaerobic	+	X	X	X	+++
		G- Diplococci	Aerobic	-	X	X	X	-
		G- Diplococci	Anaerobic	-	X	X	X	-
		G+ Bacilli	Aerobic	-	X	X	X	++
		G+ Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	X	X	X	+
	Immediately Loaded	Non-formation	Aerobic	+++	X	X	X	X
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	+++	X	X	X	X
		Diplococo G+	Aerobic	++	X	X	X	X
		Diplococo G+	Anaerobic	++	X	X	X	X
		Funghi	Aerobic	+	X	X	X	X
		Funghi	Anaerobic	+	X	X	X	X
External	Submerged	Non-formation	Aerobic	-	X	+	-	-
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	-	X	-	-	-
		G+ Diplococci	Aerobic	-	X	++	+++	+++
		G+ Diplococci	Anaerobic	-	X	+++	+++	+++
		G- Diplococci	Aerobic	-	X	-	+	-
		G- Diplococci	Anaerobic	-	X	-	+
		G+ Bacilli	Aerobic	-	X	+++	+	++
		G+ Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	X	+++	+	+
		G- Bacilli	Aerobic	-	X	+	+	-
		G- Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	X	-	-	-
		G+ Cocci	Aerobic	-	X	-	+	-
		G+ Cocci	Anaerobic	-	X	-	+	-
		G- Cocci	Aerobic	-	X	-	+	-
		G- Cocci	Anaerobic	-	X	-	+	-
		Funghi	Aerobic	-	X	++	+++	-
		Funghi	Anaerobic	-	X	-	-	+
External	Non-Submerged	Non-formation	Aerobic	+++	-	X	X	+
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	+++	-	X	X	+
		G+ Diplococci	Aerobic	+++	+++	X	X	+++
		G+ Diplococci	Anaerobic	+++	+++	X	X	+++
		G- Diplococci	Aerobic	-	+	X	X	-
		G- Diplococci	Anaerobic	-	+	X	X	-
		G+ Bacilli	Aerobic	+	++	X	X	+++
		G+ Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	-	X	X	+
		G+ Cocci	Aerobic	-	+	X	X	-
		G+ Cocci	Anaerobic	-	-	X	X	-
		G- Cocci	Aerobic	-	+	X	X	-
		G- Cocci	Anaerobic	-	-	X	X	-
		Funghi	Aerobic	-	+	X	X	-
		Funghi	Anaerobic	-	-	X	X	+
	Immediately Loaded	Non-formation	Aerobic	++	-	X	X	X
		Non-formation	Anaerobic	+	-	X	X	X
		G+ Diplococci	Aerobic	+++	+++	X	X	X
		G+ Diplococci	Anaerobic	+++	+++	X	X	X
		G- Diplococci	Aerobic	-	+	X	X	X
		G- Diplococci	Anaerobic	-	-	X	X	X
		G+ Bacilli	Aerobic	-	+++	X	X	X
		G+ Bacilli	Anaerobic	-	++	X	X	X
		Funghi	Aerobic	-	-	X	X	X
		Funghi	Anaerobic	-	+	X	X	X

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[1] Corresponding author: Rafaela Scariot E-mail: rafaela_scariot@yahoo.com.br 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, Brazil 80210-170 Telephone/fax number: +55 41 33604020