Gestão e pesquisa da biodiversidade em paisagens multifuncionais

Verdade, Luciano M.; Bianchi, Rita C.; Galetti Jr, Pedro M.; Pivello, Vânia R.; Silva, Wesley R.; Uezu, Alexandre

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Sumário

Thematic Review • Biota Neotrop. 22 (spe) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1407 copiar

Gestão e pesquisa da biodiversidade em paisagens multifuncionais

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

Apesar de seus impactos ambientais negativos, ambientes modificados pelo homem, como paisagens agrícolas e urbanas, podem ter um papel relevante na conservação da biodiversidade como complementos de áreas protegidas. Tais paisagens antropizadas podem ter espécies ameaçadas, valiosas e incômodas, embora a maioria delas não se enquadre em nenhuma dessas categorias. Portanto, em tais ambientes devemos lidar com o mesmo processo de tomada de decisão sobre as mesmas possíveis intervenções propostas por Caughley (1994) para o manejo da vida selvagem, que estão relacionadas à conservação biológica, uso sustentável, controle/coexistência e monitoramento. Esse processo de tomada de decisão deve ser baseado em boa ciência e boa governança. Neste contexto, o primeiro passo deverá ser a implementação de paisagens multifuncionais, que mantenham a sua missão primordial de uso humano, mas que incorporem uma segunda, mas fundamental missão de conservação biológica. Neste estudo apresentamos um resumo das pesquisas realizadas no Programa Biota da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) neste campo desde o final da década de 1990 e propomos prioridades para pesquisa e governança da biodiversidade em paisagens multifuncionais para o futuro próximo.

Palavras-chave
Gestão da fauna; paisagens agrícolas; governança; monitoramento da biodiversidade

Limitation level	Theme	Results	References
Conceptual basis	Diversity of patterns	Diversity of medium to large mammals in agricultural landscapes	Dotta & Verdade 2011Dotta, G. & L.M. Verdade. 2011. Medium to large-sized mammals in agricultural landscapes of South-eastern Brazil. Mammalia 75:345–352 (DOI 10.1515/ MAMM.2011.049). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/... Lyra-Jorge et al. 2008aLyra-Jorge, M.C., G. Ciocheti, V.R. Pivello. 2008a. Carnivore mammals in a fragmented landscape in São Paulo State, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 17:1573–1580., 2010Lyra-Jorge, M.C., M.C. Ribeiro, G. Ciocheti, L.R. Tambosi, V.R. Pivello. 2010. Influence of multi-scale landscape structure on the occurrence of carnivorous mammals in a human-modified savanna, Brazil. European Journal of Wildlife Research 56:359–368.
		Diversity of small rodents and marsupial in agricultural landscapes	Gheler-Costa et al. 2012Gheler-Costa, C., C.A. Vettorazzi, R. Pardini, L.M. Verdade. 2012. The distribution and abundance of small mammals in agroecosystems of Southeastern Brazil. Mammalia 76:185–191. (DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2011–0109). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/...
		Diversity of birds in agricultural landscapes	Penteado et al. 2016Penteado, M., C. Yamashita, T.S. Marques & L.M. Verdade. 2016. Bird diversity in relation to land use in agricultural landscapes of southeastern Brazil. p.243–268. In: Gheler-Costa, C., M.C. Lyra-Jorge & L.M. Verdade [Eds.]. Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes of Southeastern Brazil. De Gruyter, Berlin. (DOI: 10.1515/9783110480849-017). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1515/97831104808...
		Plant assemblages and habitat connectivity	Jesus et al. 2012Jesus, F.M., V.R. Pivello, S.T. Meirelles, G.A.D.C. Franco, J.P. Metzger. 2012. The importance of landscape structure for seed dispersal in rain forest fragments. Journal of Vegetation Science 23(6):1126–1136.
	Complexity of processes	Trophic ecology of mammals in agroecosystems	Dotta & Verdade 2007Dotta, G. & L.M Verdade. 2007. Trophic categories in a mammal assemblage: diversity in an agricultural landscape. Biota Neotropica 7(2):287–292.
		Temporal dynamics of small mammals in Eucalyptus plantations	Verdade et al. 2020aVerdade, L.M., R.A. Moral, A. Calaboni, M.V.S.G. Amaral, P.S. Martin, L.S. Amorim, C. Gheler-Costa & C.I. Piña. 2020a. Temporal dynamics of small mammals’ in Eucalyptus plantations in Southeast Brazil. Global Ecology and Conservation 24:e01217 (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01217). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01...
		Relationship between agricultural management and wildlife ecology	Gheler-Costa et al. 2013Gheler-Costa, C., G. Sabino-Santos, Jr., L.S. Amorim, L.M. Rosalino, L.T M. Figueiredo & L.M. Verdade. 2013. The effect of pre-harvest fire on the small mammal assemblage in sugarcane fields. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 171:85–89. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.016). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/... , Millan et al. 2015Millan, C.H., P.F. Develey & L.M. Verdade. 2015. Stand-level management practices increase occupancy by birds in exotic Eucalyptus plantations. Forest Ecology and Management 336:174–182. (doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.10.005). https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.foreco.201...
		The impacts of global climatic changes on biodiversity	Karp et al. 2015Karp, A., P.E. Artaxo, G. Berndes, H. Cantarella, H. El-Lakany, T.E.M. Duque Estrada, A. Faaij, G. B. Fincher, B.J. Huntley, N.H. Ravindranath, M.-A. Van Sluys, L.M. Verdade & H. Youngs. 2015. Environmental and Climate Security. p. 136–178. In: Souza, G.M., R.L. Victoria, C.A. Joly & L.M. Verdade [Eds.]. 2015. Bioenergy & Sustainability: Bridging the Gaps. Vol. 72. SCOPE. Paris. 779p. (ISBN 978-2-9545557-0-6).
		Caiman ecology in silvicultural landscapes	Marques et al. 2016Marques, T.S., L.A.B. Bassetti, N.R.F. Lara, C.H. Millan, C.I. Piña & L.M. Verdade. 2016. Population structure of the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) in natural and man-made water bodies associated with a silvicultural landscape. Salamandra German Journal of Herpetology 52(1):1–10., 2020Marques, T.S., L.A.B. Bassetti, N.R.F. Lara, T.C.G. Portelinha, C.I. Piña & L.M. Verdade. 2020. Home range and movement pattern of the broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) in a silvicultural dominated landscape. South American Journal of Herpetology 16:16–25. (http://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-18-00052.1). https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.2994/S...
		Fresh water turtles' trophic niche	Marques et al. 2017Marques, T.S., E.S. Brito, N.R.F. Lara, L.M. Beloto, R.M. Valadão, P.B. de Camargo, L.M. Verdade. 2017. The trophic niche of Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei (Testudines: Chelidae): evidence from stable isotopes. Zoologia 34:1–6 (http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e19985) https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.389...
		Space use by giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a protected area within human-modified landscape	Bertassoni et al. 2020Bertassoni, A., G. Mourão & R.C. Bianchi. 2020. Space use by giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) in a protected area within human-modified landscape. Ecology and Evolution 10(15):7981–7994.
		Dog activity in protected areas: behavioral effects on mesocarnivores and the impacts of a top predator	Bianchi et al. 2020Bianchi, R.C., O. Olifiers, L.L. Riski, J.A. Gouvea, C.S. Cesário, L. Fornitano, G.L. Zanirato, M.Y. Oliveira, K.D.R. Morais, R.L.A. Ribeiro, P.S. D'Andrea & M.E. Gompper, 2020. Dog activity in protected area: behavioral effects on mesocarnivores and the impacts of a top predator. European Journal of Wildlife Research 66(3):1–10 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-020-01376-z) https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.100...
		Tayra (Eira barbara) landscape use as a function of cover types, forest protection, and the presence of puma and freeranging dogs	Bianchi et al. 2021Bianchi, R, J. Jenkins, D. Lesmeister, J.A. Gouvea, C.S. Cesario, L. Fornitano, M.Y. Oliveira, K.D.R. Morais, R.L.A. Ribeiro & E.M. Gompper. 2021. Tayra (Eira barbara) landscape use as a function of cover types, forest protection, and the presence of puma and free-ranging dogs. Biotropica 53(6):1–13 (DOI: 10.1111/btp.13005). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.111...
		Agroforest woodlots working as stepping stones for birds in the Atlantic forest region	Uezu et al. 2008Uezu, A., D.D. Beyer & J.P. Metzger. 2008. Can agroforest woodlots work as stepping stones for birds in the Atlantic forest region? Biodiversity Conservation 17:1907–1922.
		Potential economic impact of carbon sequestration in coffee agroforestry systems	Gonçalves et al. 2021Gonçalves, N., D. Andrade, A. Batista, L. Cullen, A. Souza, H. Gomes, & A. Uezu. 2021. Potential economic impact of carbon sequestration in coffee agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 95(2):419–430.
Technological/ methodological innovation	Molecular markers	Use of genetic tools on management and governance of crocodilians	Verdade et al. 2020bVerdade, L.M. C.I. Piña, M. Simoncini & K.L. Silva-Brandão. 2020b. How genetic tools can help crocodilians’ management and governance. p.203–214. In: Zucoloto, R.B., P.S. Amavet, L.M. Verdade & I.P. Farias [Eds.]. Conservation genetics of New World crocodilians. Springer, New York (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56383-7_9). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56383-...
		Use of genetic tools for demographic approach of large carnivores	Miotto et al. 2007Miotto, R.A., F.P. Rodrigues, G. Ciocheti & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2007. Determination of the minimum population size of Pumas (Puma concolor) through fecal DNA analysis in two protected Cerrado areas in the Brazilian southeast. Biotropica 39: 647–654.; 2014Miotto, R. A., M. Cervini, M. Kajin, R.A. Begotti & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2014. Estimating puma Puma concolor population size in a human-disturbed landscape in Brazil, using DNA mark-recapture data. Oryx 48: 250–257.Ramalho et al. 2014Ramalho, F.P., R.A. Miotto, N. Martins & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2014. Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) minimum population size and genetic diversity in a Cerrado protected area of southeastern Brazil revealed by fecal DNA analysis. Mammalia (DOI 10.1515/mammalia-2013-0109). https://doi.org/DOI 10.1515/mammalia-201... Souza et al. 2017Souza, A. S. M. C., B.H. Saranholi, P.G. Crawshaw Jr., A.J. Paviolo, L.E. Rampim, L. Sartorello & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2017. Re-discovering jaguar in remaining coastal Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil by non- invasive DNA analysis. Biota Neotropica 17: e20170358.
		Genetic tools for monitoring felids in fragmented landscapes	Miotto et al. 2012Miotto, R. A., M. Cervini, R.A. Begotti & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2012. Monitoring a puma (Puma concolor) population in a fragmented landscape in Southeast Brazil. Biotropica 44: 98–104.
		Assessing gene flow of large mammals in fragmented landscapes	Miotto et al. 2011Miotto, R.A., M. Cervini, M.G. Figueiredo, R.A. Begotti & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2011. Genetic diversity and population structure of pumas (Puma concolor) in southeastern Brazil: implications for conservation in a human-dominated landscape. Conservation Genetics 12: 1447–1455. Figueiredo et al. 2015Figueiredo, M., M. Cervini, F. Rodrigues, E. Eizirik, F. Azevedo, L. Cullen, P. Crawshaw & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2015. Lack of population genetic structuring in ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in a fragmented landscape. Diversity 7: 295–306 (doi:10.3390/d7030295). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/... Saranholi et al. 2017Saranholi, B. H., K. Chávez-Congrains & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2017. evidence of recent fine-scale population structuring in South American Puma concolor. Diversity 9: 44. (doi:10.3390/d9040044). https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/d9040044...
		Use of genetic tools for assessing invasive species	Rodrigues et al. 2020Rodrigues, N. T., B.H. Saranholi, T.A. Angeloni, N. Pasqualotto, A.G. Chiarello & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2020. DNA mini-barcoding of leporids using noninvasive fecal DNA samples and its significance for monitoring an invasive species. Ecology and Evolution 10: 5219–5225.
		Environmental DNA for assessing vertebrate diversity	Carvalho et al. 2021Carvalho, C.S., M.E. Oliveira, K.G. Rodriguez-Castro, B.H. Saranholi & P.M. Galetti Jr. 2021. Efficiency of eDNA and iDNA in assessing vertebrate diversity and its abundance. Molecular Ecology Resources, 2021:1–12.
	Isotopic analyses	Stable isotope analyses on wildlife studies	Marques et al. 2014Marques, T.S., L.A.B. Bassetti, N.R.F. Lara, M.S. Araújo, C.I. Piña, P.B. Camargo & L.M. Verdade. 2014. Isotopic discrimination factors (Δ13C and Δ15N) between tissues and diet of the Broad-snouted Caiman (Caiman latirostris). Journal of Herpetology 48(3):332–337. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/12-274). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.167...
	Survey methodology	Wildlife counting techniques	Ferraz et al. 2010Ferraz, K.M.P.M.B., B. Manly & L.M. Verdade. 2010. The influence of environmental variables on capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris: Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) detectability in anthropogenic environments of southeastern Brazil. Population Ecology 52:263–270., Lyra-Jorge et al. 2008bLyra-Jorge, M.C., G. Ciocheti, V.R. Pivello, S.T. Meirelles. 2008b. Comparing methods for sampling large- and medium-sized mammals: camera traps and track plots. European Journal of Wildlife Research 54:739–744., 2014, Verdade et al. 2013Verdade, L.M. & K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz. 2013. Capivaras de Piracicaba: o bom, o mau e o feio. p.143–161. In: Meira, A.M., J.A. Monti, K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz, M. Cooper, R.B. Caramez & W.B.C. Delitti [Eds.]. Febre Maculosa: Dinâmica da Doença, Hospedeiros e Vetores. ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. 176p. (ISBN: 978-85-86481-26-0)., Islas et al. 2022Islas, C.A., C.S. Seixas, L.M. Verdade. 2022. Wildlife-Human Survey: a rapid appraisal tool for mammals and their interactions with rural people. Wildlife Research 49(5):449–463. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR20189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1071/...
Societal dimensions	Governance	Characterization of multifunctional agricultural landscapes	Martinelli et al. 2010Martinelli, L.A., C.A. Joly, C.A. Nobre & G. Sparovek. 2010. A falsa dicotomia entre a preservação da vegetação natural e a produção agropecuária. Biota Neotropica 10:323–330.
		Instruments of environmental and productive intervention from the perspective of the nexus water, energy and food	Chiodi et al. 2022Chiodi, R.E., J.C. Avanzi, B.M. Silva, P.S.G. Corrêa, A. Uezu. 2022. Instruments of environmental and productive intervention from the perspective of the nexus water, energy and food: an analysis of the context of the Cantareira Water Production System. In: Moreira, F.A., M.D. Fontana, T.F. Malheiros & G.M. Di Giulio (Eds.). University of São Paulo School of Public Health. São Paulo, Brazil. 295p.
	Public policy	The impacts of biofuels' expansion on biodiversity	Joly et al. 2015Joly, C.A., L.M. Verdade, B.J. Huntley, V.H. Dale, G. Mace, B. Muok & N.H. Ravindranath. 2015. Biofuel impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. p.548–574. In: Souza, G.M., R.L. Victoria, C.A. Joly & L.M. Verdade [Eds.]. 2015. Bioenergy & Sustainability: Bridging the Gaps. Vol. 72. SCOPE. Paris. 779p. (ISBN 978-2-9545557-0-6)., Verdade et al. 2015Verdade, L.M., C.I. Piña & L.M. Rosalino. 2015. Biofuels and biodiversity: Challenges and opportunities. Environmental Development 15:64–78. (DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2015.05.003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2015.05...

Level of governance	Level of intervention	Population status
Federal	Biological conservation	Endangered
	Monitoring	Indicator
State	Sustainable use	Valuable
State	Control/Coexistence	Nuisance

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[1] * Corresponding author: lmverdade@usp.br