The benthic fauna plays an important role in the trophic web and the nutrient flow of limnetic environments. This work aimed to study the diversity and abundance of the benthic invertebrates in four watercourses in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Sampling was done seasonally at each site, with a long-handled net at the margins (banks) and streambed, from November 2001 through September 2002. Margalef richness, Shannon diversity and Pielou evenness indices were applied to the data analysis. A total of 58 families and three other major taxa (Hirudinea, Oligochaeta and Copepoda) of invertebrates were identified. The highest values of diversity and abundance were recorded at the margins of the rivers, in the same pattern found in other tropical and subtropical regions. This is the first inventory of benthic invertebrates from central region of Rio Grande do Sul, which will be important for future studies of the diversity and conservation of this fauna, because human alterations of the environment have already begun.
benthic macroinvertebrates; richness index; evenness
