Functional Feeding Group composition and attributes: evaluation of freshwater ecosystems in Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Pereira, Priscilla da Silva; Souza, Natalia Freitas de; Baptista, Darcílio Fernandes; Ribeiro-Alves, Marcelo; Santos, Helena Lucia Carneiro; Buss, Daniel Forsin

doi:10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1016

Priscilla da Silva Pereira ^**Corresponding author: Priscilla da Silva Pereira, e-mail: prispereira.bio@gmail.com

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-141X

Natalia Freitas de Souza

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ecologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6090-7067

Darcílio Fernandes Baptista

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-2861

Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST / AIDS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-3364

Helena Lucia Carneiro Santos

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Daniel Forsin Buss

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

*Corresponding author: Priscilla da Silva Pereira, e-mail: prispereira.bio@gmail.com

Author Contributions

Priscilla da Silva Pereira: Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study, contribution to data collection, contribution to data analysis and interpretation, contribution to manuscript preparation, contribution to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Natália Freitas de Souza: Contribution to manuscript preparation and adding intellectual content.

Darcílio Fernandes Baptista: Contribution to manuscript preparation and to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves: Substantial contribution to manuscript preparation and critical revision, adding intellectual content, contribution to data analysis and interpretation.

Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos: Substantial contribution to manuscript preparation and critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Daniel Forsin Buss: Contribution to manuscript preparation and to critical revision, adding intellectual content.

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest related to the publication of the data in this article.

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 1
Map of the study area, showing the sampling sites in the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, indicating gradient of impairment (reference, intermediate and impaired).

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Figure 2
Distributions of samples and estimatives for FFG abundance along the impairment gradient (Ref - Reference, Int - Intermediate, and Imp - Impaired). Box-and-whisker and strip plots (gray) representing samples distribution of FFG abundance. Dots and lines (black) representing estimated means and 95% confidence intervals obtained after multivariate mixed linear models fitted using the maximum likelihood estimator.

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Figure 3
Distributions of samples and estimatives for FFG richness along the impairment gradient (Ref - Reference, Int - Intermediate, and Imp - Impaired). Boxand-whisker and strip plots (gray) representing samples distribution of FFG richness. Dots and lines (black) representing estimated means and 95% confidence intervals obtained after multivariate mixed linear models fitted using the maximum likelihood estimator.

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Figure 4
Distributions of samples and estimatives for FFG ratios along the impairment gradient (Ref - Reference, Int - Intermediate, and Imp - Impaired). Boxand-whisker and strip plots (gray) representing samples distribution of A/H (Autotrophy and Heterotrophy index), CPOM/FPOM (Coarse Particulate Organic Matter and Fine Particulate Organic Matter index), TFPOM/BFPOM (Transport of Fine Particles Organic Matter, and Benthic Fine Particles Organic Matter index), HSI (Habitat Stability index), and Predator (Predator-prey index) along the impairment gradient. Dots and lines (black) representing estimated means and 95% confidence intervals obtained after multivariate mixed linear models fitted using the maximum likelihood estimator.

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Table 1
Functional Feeding Group (FFG) ratios modiﬁed from Merritt & Cummins (1996).

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Table 2
Stepwise searches based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) minimization, in both forward and backward directions, of abiotic variables on the abundance of macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups (FFG).

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Table 3
Stepwise searches based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC) minimization, in both forward and backward directions, of abiotic variables on the richness of macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups (FFG).

Ecosystem attributes	Symbols	FFG ratios	Criteria levels
Autotrophy/Heterotrophy index	A/H	Scraper/shredder + total collector	Autotrophic >0.75
Shredder index	CPMO/FPOM	Shredder/total collector	Shredder availability >0.25
Filtering-collector index	TFPOM/BFPOM	Filtering collector/gathering collector	TFPOM higher than normal >0.50
Habitat Stability index	HSI	Scraper + ﬁltering collector/shredder + gathering collector	Stable substrates >0.50
Predator-prey index	Predator	Predator/ total collector + scraper + shredder	Predator to prey balance 0.10–0.20

FFG	Variables	β	Std.Error	DF	t.value	p.value
Gathering-collector	(Intercept)	372.957	90.637	134	4.115	<0.001
AIC= 1828.64;	Width (m)	2.225	1.145	134	1.944	0.054
R²= 0.17;	Altitude (m)	0.117	0.027	134	4.300	<0.001
L. Ratio= 22.99;	pH	-31.791	12.112	134	-2.625	0.010
p< 0.001	Log10_Ch (mg/L)	-190.588	76.806	134	-2.481	0.014
Filtering-collector	(Intercept)	-280.649	169.998	131	-1.651	0.101
AIC= 2109.13;	Width (m)	8.631	2.217	131	3.894	<0.001
R²= 0.24;	Log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	1945.715	370.471	131	5.252	<0.001
L. Ratio= 63.75;	DO (mg/L)	44.067	13.699	131	3.217	0.002
p<0.001	Log10_Ca (mg/L)	1276.571	269.336	131	4.740	<0.001
	Log10_TA	-287.848	198.065	131	-1.453	0.149
	HAP	-14.916	2.813	131	-5.302	<0.001
	Log10_Cond (S/cm)	468.123	127.368	131	3.675	<0.001
Scraper	(Intercept)	286.510	79.610	131	3.599	<0.001
AIC= 1801.01;	Width (m)	1.671	0.698	131	2.394	0.018
R²= 0.14;	Altitude (m)	0.092	0.033	131	2.766	0.006
L. Ratio= 52.07;	DO (mg/L)	-13.712	4.358	131	-3.146	0.002
p<0.001	pH	-24.231	9.417	131	-2.573	0.011
	Log10_Ch	-117.153	51.677	131	-2.267	0.025
	HAP	3.897	1.091	131	3.571	<0.001
	Log10_Cond (S/cm)	91.922	51.444	131	1.787	0.076
Predator	(Intercept)	328.199	122.679	133	2.675	0.008
AIC= 1929.17;	Altitude (m)	0.087	0.044	133	1.978	0.050
R²= 0.21;	Log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	712.903	360.219	133	1.979	0.050
L. Ratio= 33.52;	pH	-34.548	16.472	133	-2.097	0.038
p<0.001	Log10_Ca (mg/L)	479.868	121.618	133	3.946	<0.001
	Log10_Cond (S/cm)	-142.137	69.245	133	-2.053	0.042
Shredder	(Intercept)	-59.243	17.263	132	-3.432	0.001
AIC= 1466.86;	Altitude (m)	0.030	0.009	132	3.504	0.001
R²= 0.34;	Log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	-132.232	67.989	132	-1.945	0.054
L. Ratio= 69.46;	DO (mg/L)	3.375	1.461	132	2.311	0.022
p<0.001	Log10_Ca (mg/L)	-46.292	29.530	132	-1.568	0.119
	Log10_TA (mg/L)	60.436	17.327	132	3.488	0.001
	HAP	2.898	0.609	132	4.758	<0.001

FFG	Variables	β	Std.Error	DF	t.value	p.value
Gathering-collector	(Intercept)	9.743	1.078	133	9.034	<0.001
AIC= 804.63;	Altitude (m)	0.002	0.001	133	2.325	0.022
R²= 0.52;	log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	-22.917	7.174	133	-3.194	0.002
L. Ratio= 111;	log10_TH (mg/L)	-4.755	0.991	133	-4.797	<0.001
p<0.001	log10_Ch (mg/L)	-4.530	2.188	133	-2.070	0.040
	HAP	0.503	0.056	133	8.987	<0.001
Filtering-collector	(Intercept)	3.998	0.375	133	10.657	<0.001
AIC= 440.02;	Width (m)	-0.013	0.004	133	-3.263	0.001
R²= 0.36;	log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	-8.742	2.004	133	-4.362	<0.001
L. Ratio= 81.26;	log10_TH (mg/L)	-0.627	0.397	133	-1.579	0.117
p<0.001	log10_Ch (mg/L)	-1.409	0.646	133	-2.180	0.031
	HAP	0.104	0.016	133	6.642	<0.001
Scraper	(Intercept)	7.896	1.625	132	4.861	<0.001
AIC= 788.85;	log10_NH3 (mg/L)	-30.211	6.164	132	-4.901	<0.001
R²= 0.52;	DO (mg/L)	-0.232	0.125	132	-1.860	0.065
L. Ratio= 107.12;	log10_TH (mg/L)	-6.407	1.490	132	-4.300	<0.001
p<0.001	log10_Ch (mg/L)	-6.062	2.112	132	-2.870	0.005
	log10_TA (mg/L)	4.935	1.897	132	2.602	0.010
	HAP	0.600	0.043	132	14.044	<0.001
Predator	(Intercept)	7.116	0.939	133	7.578	<0.001
AIC= 772.52;	Altitude (m)	0.003	0.001	133	3.366	0.001
R²= 0.42;	log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	-12.633	6.259	133	-2.018	0.046
L. Ratio= 75.08;	log10_Ca (mg/L)	-7.705	1.705	133	-4.520	<0.001
p<0.001	log10_Ch (mg/L)	-4.168	2.128	133	-1.959	0.052
	HAP	0.329	0.052	133	6.321	<0.001
Shredder	(Intercept)	1.876	0.391	134	4.803	<0.001
AIC= 557.39;	Altitude (m)	0.001	0.000	134	2.188	0.030
R²= 0.51;	log10_NH₃ (mg/L)	-14.241	3.124	134	-4.558	<0.001
L. Ratio=104.05;	log10_Ca (mg/L)	-2.305	1.397	134	-1.649	0.101
p<0.001	HAP	0.216	0.025	134	8.739	<0.001

[1] *Corresponding author: Priscilla da Silva Pereira, e-mail: prispereira.bio@gmail.com

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Functional Feeding Group composition and attributes: evaluation of freshwater ecosystems in Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Composição e atributos de Grupos Funcionais Alimentares: avaliação de ecossistemas de água doce na Mata Atlântica, Brasil

Abstract: