Florid osseous dysplasia |
Reactive or dysplastic process characterized by the substitution of normal bone by fibrous connective tissue, with subsequent immature bone deposition that gradually becomes sclerotic. |
Unknown |
Asymptomatic or painful swelling in edentulous areas, with bone exposure or after extractions. |
Fifth to sixth decades of life. |
Female/Black people. |
Not reported. |
Not reported. |
Central ossifying fibroma |
Benign neoplasm, which arises from mesenchymal blast cells of the periodontal ligament. |
Unknown |
Asymptomatic |
Second and third decades of life. |
Female/No predilection. |
Hyperparathyroidism Association |
Not reported. |
Paget’s disease |
Polyostotic metabolic disorder caused by osteoclast dysfunction leading to an altered bone remodeling. |
Mutation in the SQSTM-1 gene |
Pain in the affected bones during all course of the disease. |
After the fifth decade of life, rare before the age 40. |
Male/White people. |
Facial paralysis and deafness associated with due to the narrowing of skull foramina. Sacrum, pelvis, skull and femur are the most affected bones. |
Elevated alkaline phosphatase. |
Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome |
Autosomal dominant inheritable condition. |
Mutation in the Patched gene |
Asymptomatic |
First and second decade of life. |
No predilection/ No predilection. |
Multiple nevoid basal-cell carcinomas and palmar or plantar pits. Abnormalities in vertebrae (fused or bifid) and ribs (fused, bifid, splayed or missing) and calcification of cerebral falx. Frontal and temporoparietal bossing, prominent supra-orbital ridges and increased occipitofrontal circumference. |
Not reported. |
Cherubism |
Autosomal dominant genetic condition which giant cell lesions replace the bone. |
Mutation in SH3BP2 gene (80% of cases). |
Painful lesions due to nerves compression. |
First decade of life. |
Males slightly more affected/No predilection. |
Lymph node involvement. |
Elevated alkaline phosphatase |
Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism |
Disorder caused by elevated levels of parathyroid hormone. |
Tumor in parathyroid gland or advanced chronic kidney disease |
Painful or asymptomatic lesions. |
Fourth decade of life |
No predilection/No predilection. |
Lesion in the parathyroid gland and/or advanced chronic kidney disease. |
Hypophosphatemia, elevated levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone. |
Simple bone cyst |
Empty or fluid-filled cavity that develops within bone. |
Unknown. |
Asymptomatic. |
Second decade of life. |
Female/No predilection. |
Not reported. |
Not reported. |
Dentigerous cyst |
Cyst associated with the crowns of permanent teeth. |
Unknown |
Asymptomatic |
First and second decades of life. |
No predilection/No predilection |
Association with cleidocranial dysplasia, basal cell naevus syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis type IV. |
Not reported. |
Osteopetrosis |
Genetic disorder presents the normal bone formation but reduced bone resorption resulting in the excessive calcified tissue |
Mutations in the TCIRG1, SNX10, OSTM1, PLEKHM, TNFSF11 TNFRSF11A and CLCN7 genes. |
Bone fracture. |
Severe infantile or malignant type: At birth or at the first months of infancy. |
No predilection/ No predilection. |
Severe infantile or malignant type: anemia hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, blindness, hydrocephalus, exophthalmos, small thorax and hypertelorism and problems during tooth eruption. |
Low serum Ca2+ levels associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism; carbonic anhydrase 2 deficiency in the osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification form; levels of alkaline phosphatase, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and lactate dehydrogenase vary from patient to patient and are (unreliable as biomarkers for the disease); elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, correlate with autosomal dominant. |
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Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcifications: Early childhood. |
Osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcifications: short stature and mental retardation. |
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Intermediate type osteopetrosis: hildren and adults. |
Benign osteopetrosis or Albers-Schönberg disease: Without symptoms. |
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Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
Abnormal proliferation of bone marrow-derived histiocytes (Langerhans cells) which comprise an unusual group of disorders with focal or systemic manifestations. |
Unknown |
Pain and mucosa overlying of the gingival and of the hard-palate presents ulcerated |
Predominantly seen in children, particularly during early infancy |
Slight predominance in man. |
Cervical lymphadenopathies. |
Not reported |
Skull and femoral lesions in children younger than age 10, patients older than age 20 lesions in the ribs, shoulder girdle, and mandible. |
Seborrheic dermatitis or eczematous eruption on the scalp and trunk. |
Hepatomegaly |
Splenomegaly. |
Multiple myeloma |
Cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. |
Unknown. |
Swelling and pain. |
Older than 60 years. |
Man is more affected. |
The lesion is commonly associated with anemia, impaired kidney function, infection and neurological symptoms. |
Multiple myeloma can produce all classes of immunoglobulin, but IgG paraproteins are most common. Light and or heavy chains (the building blocks of antibodies) may be secreted in isolation: κ- or λ-light chains or any of the five types of heavy chains (α-, γ-, δ-, ε- or μ-heavy chains). |
Osteitis fibrosa cystica |
A skeletal disorder resulting in replacement of bone to fibrous tissue and the formation of cyst-like brown tumors in and around the bone. |
Hyperparathyroidism |
Bone pain or tenderness, bone fractures and skeletal deformities. |
Before age 40. |
No sex predilection. |
Weight loss, appetite loss, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia. |
High levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase. |
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis |
A reaction to past trauma or infection. |
Unknown. |
Focal radiodensity of the jaw which is not inflammatory, dysplastic, neoplastic or a manifestation of a systemic disease. |
Teens and those in their 20s |
No sex predilection. |
None. |
None. |