Cloet et al., 201727** |
Prefabricated parallel glass fiber posts |
Self-etch adhesive (ED Primer, Kuraray) and dual-curing resin cement (Panavia F 2.0, Kuraray)/ n. r. |
Sufficient remaining tooth tissue: at least two walls with equal, or more than 2 mm, of dentin thickness and with wide pulp chambers Insufficient remaining tooth tissue: less than two walls with at least 2 mm of dentin thickness |
192 teeth at randomization |
University setting |
5.8 years |
7.2 years |
Fiber posts: 1.72% |
After 5 years of follow-up, both cast gold and composite post-and-core systems on teeth with ceramic full restorations, provided with a ferrule, performed equally well. No clinically relevant differences were seen between test and control groups. |
Prefabricated individually formable custom-made glass fiber posts |
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191 teeth analyzed: 68 (35.6%) anterior and 123 (64.4%) posterior teeth |
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Custom-made fiber posts: 71.58% |
Gold alloy-based cast and post cores |
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Gold cast post and cores: 1.76% |
Gbadebo et al., 201421
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Prefabricated glass fiber posts |
Self-etch primer (Bond Boost, Premier Co) and dual-curing resin cement (IntegraCem, Premier Co Ltd)/ n.r. |
Minimum coronal structure of 2 mm for ferrule effect |
40 teeth at randomization: 23 (57.5%) central incisors, 6 (15%) lateral incisors, 7 (17.5%) premolars and 4 (10%) molars |
University setting |
n. r. |
6 months |
Fiber posts: 0% |
Over a 6-month period, the rehabilitation of endodontically-treated teeth using prefabricated glass fiber posts and metal posts showed comparable clinical results. The clinical performance of glass fiber posts was slightly better than that of metal posts within the 6-month study period, although this was not found to be statistically significant. However a long term review of the restorations is required for further assessment. |
Prefabricated metal stainless steel posts |
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34 teeth at final evaluation |
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Stainless steel posts: 5% |
Sarkis-Onofre et al., 201422
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Prefabricated double-tapered glass fiber posts |
Adhesive (Single Bond or Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE) and dual-curing resin cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE) or dual-curing self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U100, 3M ESPE)/ Syringe |
No coronal wall or the enamel portion of one wall with no dentinal support (ferrule height, 0–0.5 mm) |
82 teeth at randomization |
University setting |
19.2 months (glass fiber posts) and 15.02 months (cast post and cores) |
3 years |
Fiber posts: 2.7% |
After 3 years of follow-up, glass fiber and cast metal posts showed good and similar clinical performance, regardless of tooth location. However, longer follow-up periods are needed to detect possible differences between post systems over time. |
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Cast post and cores (CoCr) |
Self-adhesive dual-curing resin cement (RelyX U100, 3M ESPE)/ Syringe |
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72 teeth analyzed: 40 (55.6%) anterior and 32 (44.4%) posterior |
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Cast post and cores: 0.93% |
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Zhou et al., 201330
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Prefabricated parallel-sided glass fiber posts |
Adhesive (Contax, DMG) and dual-curing resin cement (LuxaCore Dual, DMG)/ Automix tips |
At least 2/3 of clinical crown loss, dentin shoulder presenting at least three walls and at least 1.5 mm of ferrule height |
156 teeth at randomization: 56 (35.9%) anterior, 56 (35.9%) premolars and 44 (28.2%) molars |
University setting |
- |
2 years |
Parallel-sided posts: 0.65% |
As long as the root canal is prepared according to the standard preparation requirements and posts are correctly indicated, clinical treatment can be satisfactory. However, due to the clinical observation period of only 2 years, the long-term performance remains to be evaluated. |
Prefabricated tapered glass fiber posts |
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156 teeth analyzed |
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Tapered posts: 1.25% |
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Sterzenbach et al., 201223
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Prefabricated tapered glass fiber posts |
Dual-curing self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE)/ on the posts and within the post space |
2 or fewer cavity walls of the crown remaining and residual root canal thickness at the orifice of more than 1 mm |
91 teeth at randomization: 27 (29.7%) incisors, 17 (18.7%) canines, 37 (40.6%) premolars, 10 (11%) molars |
University setting |
71.2 months |
84 months |
Fiber posts: 1.4% |
When using self-adhesive luted prefabricated posts in severely destroyed abutment teeth with two or less remaining cavity walls and a 2-mm ferrule, post-endodontic restorations achieve a high long-term survival rate, irrespective of the post material and its rigidity (i.e., its Young modulus). |
Prefabricated tapered titanium posts |
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87 teeth analyzed |
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Titanium post and cores: 0.93% |
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Ferrari et al., 201228** |
Prefabricated double-tapered glass fiber posts |
Adhesive (Prime&Bond NT, Dentsply Ltd) and dual-curing resin cement (Calibra, Dentsply Ltd)/ applied in the canal with Lentulo spiral and on the post with a spatula |
Group 1: all coronal walls; |
240 premolars at randomization |
Private practice |
n. r. |
6 years |
Prefabricated posts: 0.15% |
Over a 6-year observation period, the placement of a prefabricated or a customized post was shown to contribute significantly to the survival of pulpless restored premolars. This contribution was more effective for prefabricated than for customized posts. Regardless of the restorative procedure, preservation of at least one coronal wall significantly reduced the failure risk. |
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Group 2: three coronal walls; |
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Group 3: two coronal walls; |
199 teeth analyzed |
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Customized posts: 0.47% |
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Prefabricated individually formable custom-made glass fiber posts |
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Group 4: one coronal wall; |
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Group 5: no coronal wall and at least 2 mm height of circumferential dentin (ferrule effect); |
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Adhesive (All Bond 2, Bisco) and self-curing composite (BisCore, Bisco)/ applied with Lentulo spiral |
Group 6: no coronal wall and less than 2 mm of circumferential dentin (absence of ferrule) |
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Schmitter et al., 20114
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Prefabricated tapered glass fiber posts |
Adhesive (Excite-DSC, Ivoclar Vivadent) and dual-curing resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent)/ n. r. |
At least 40% of the crown had to be destroyed |
100 anterior and posterior teeth at randomization |
University setting |
61.37 months |
At least 5 years |
Fiber posts: 4.4% |
The clinical performance of fiber-reinforced posts is superior to that of metal screw posts because the number of complications was lower after 5 years of service. Long metal screw posts should be used with great care in endodontically-treated teeth. However, besides the selection of the post system, other factors also influence survival of the restoration. |
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Prefabricated parallel-sided titanium metal screw posts |
Zinc phosphate cement (Harvard Dental)/ n. r. |
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81 teeth at recall |
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Titanium posts cores: 10% |
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Creugers et al., 200525** |
Prefabricated titanium post |
Zinc phosphate cement or glass ionomer cement/ n. r. |
Substantial dentin height: more than 75% of circumferential dentin wall of minimum 1 mm thickness with at least 1 mm height above gingival level, less than 25% of the circumference with less than 1 mm above the gingiva, but a collar of 1 to 2 mm could be achieved. |
277 teeth in the mandible and maxilla at randomization |
University setting and private practice |
n. r. |
5 years |
Substantial dentin height: 0.4% |
The current study revealed that the remaining dentin height seems to be more important than the design of the core restoration. |
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Cast post and core |
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Minimal dentin height: less than 75% of circumferential dentin wall with at least 1 mm above gingival level, more than 25% of the circumference with less than 1 mm above the gingiva or no collar of 1 to 2 mm could be achieved. |
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Minimal dentin height: 1.4% |
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Monticelli et al., 200329
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Prefabricated with two cylindrical sections fiber posts |
Adhesive (One Step, Bisco) and dual-curing resin cement (Duolink, Bisco)/ Lentulo spiral |
Only two coronal walls left |
225 premolars at randomization and analyzed: 116 (51.6%) in the maxilla and 109 (48.4%) in the mandible |
University setting |
n. r. |
24 months |
Overall: 3.1% |
There was no significant difference in the clinical service yielded by the three types of posts, and the use of materials from the same manufacturer when preparing fiber post–composite core units did not significantly add to the clinical performance of the restoration. |
Prefabricated double-tapered fiber posts |
Adhesive (One Step, Bisco) and dual-curing resin cement (Duolink, Bisco)/ Lentulo spiral |
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225 teeth analyzed |
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Prefabricated tapered fiber posts |
Adhesive (Excite DSC, Ivoclar Vivadent) and self-curing resin cement (Multilink, Ivoclar Vivadent)/ Lentulo spiral |
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King et al., 200324
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Prefabricated cylindrical carbon fiber posts |
Resin cement (Conclude, 3M Dental Division)/ n. r. |
n. r. |
27 single-rooted maxillary teeth at randomization |
n. r. |
87 months |
100 months |
Fiber posts: 4% |
Post-retained crowns utilizing a carbon fiber reinforced post material and a composite resin luting agent do not perform as well as conventional wrought precious alloy posts. However, these results must be interpreted with a certain amount of caution because of the relatively small sample size used in this study. Furthermore, the use of a contemporary dentine adhesive in conjunction with a resin luting cement may contribute to the retentive properties of CFRC posts. |
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Prefabricated cylindrical serrated metal posts |
Zinc phosphate cement (Ash CAS, AD International)/ n. r. |
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23 teeth analyzed |
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Metal posts: 1.5% |
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Ellner et al., 200326
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Gold tapered cast post and cores |
Zinc phosphate cement (Dentsply/De Trey)/ n. r. |
At least 2 mm of remaining vertical marginal tooth substance available for ferrule preparation |
50 single-rooted teeth at randomization: 23 (46%) incisors, 8 (16%) canines, 19 (38%) premolars |
n. r. |
109 months |
10 years |
Overall: 0.6% |
Provided the procedures used in this study are strictly followed the use of post-and-core buildups and abutments for single crowns has an excellent prognosis in the medium-term perspective. |
Prefabricated gold posts |
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49 teeth analyzed |
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Gold cast post and cores |
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Prefabricated threaded titanium posts |
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