Al-Zahrani and AlGhamdi, 201211
|
Kingdon of Saudi Arabia/BAS |
IC: female, ≥ 35 years old, generalized moderate/severe chronic periodontitis and at least 20 remaining teeth |
n = 20 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 30 % of the sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm |
NSPT and OHI |
Before NSPT |
NA |
EC: systemic diseases or infection, periodontal therapy in the previous 12 months, systemic antibiotic in the previous 3 months, pregnancy or lactation, smokers, antibiotic prophylaxis before periodontal treatment |
Mean age: 44. ± 8.4 years |
2-months follow-up |
Altay et al., 201337
|
Turkey/BAS |
IC: > 25 years old, and ≥ 15 natural remaining teeth |
n = 22 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 5 teeth with ≥ 1 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 2 mm |
FMD |
Before NSPT |
0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse, b.i.d., for 14 days after NSPT |
EC: antibiotic therapy within the previous 6 months and anti-inflammatory drugs within the previous 3 months, pregnancy or use of contraceptives or any other hormone therapy, periodontal treatment within the previous 24 months, and any systemic problem or treatment during the evaluation period of 3 months before and after periodontal treatment |
Males: 5 (22.7 %) Females: 17 (77.3 %) |
WC > 102 cm (males) and > 88 cm (females) |
Plaque control and OHR at days 1, 7, 14, and 30 |
Mean age: 45.6 ± 23.8 years; and Age range: 35–68 years |
|
3-months follow-up |
Gonçalves et al., 2015a38
|
Brazil / BAS |
IC: > 30 years old, and ≥ 15 remaining teeth excluding third molars and teeth with advanced decay indicated for exodontia, generalized chronic periodontitis, HbA1c < 6.5 %, FPG 70-99 mg/dL, and CRP < 6 mg/L |
n = 18 |
BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2
|
> 30 % of the sites with PD and CAL ≥ 4 mm or ≥ 6 teeth with ≥ 1 site with PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm and BOP |
NSPT |
Before NSPT |
Professional plaque control, OHR and SRP of deep sites presenting BOP 3- and 6-months post-therapy |
EC: pregnancy, lactation, current smoking and smoking within the past 10 years, prophylactic antibiotic coverage before dental treatment, subgingival periodontal therapy in the previous 12 months, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and lipid-lowering therapies in the previous 6 months, regular use of mouth rinses containing antimicrobials, orthodontic appliances, and presence of systemic conditions that could affect the progression of periodontitis and/or gain/loss of weight |
Males: 72.2 % Females: 27.8 % |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
6-months follow-up |
|
Mean age: 48.8 ± 5.9 years |
|
|
Gonçalves et al., 2015b39
|
Brazil / BAS |
IC: > 30 years old, and ≥ 15 remaining teeth excluding third molars and teeth with advanced decay indicated for exodontia, generalized chronic periodontitis, HbA1c < 6.5 %, FPG 70-99 mg/dL, and CRP < 6 mg/L |
n = 20 |
BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2
|
> 30 % of the sites with PD and CAL ≥ 4 mm or ≥ 6 teeth with ≥ 1 site with PD and CAL ≥ 5 mm and BOP |
NSPT |
Before NSPT |
Periodontal maintenance (non-specified) every 3 months post-therapy |
EC: pregnancy, lactation, current smoking and smoking within the past 10 years, prophylactic antibiotic coverage before dental treatment, subgingival periodontal therapy in the previous 12 months, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and lipid-lowering therapies in the previous 6 months, regular use of mouth rinses containing antimicrobials, orthodontic appliances, and presence of systemic conditions that could affect the progression of periodontitis and/or gain/loss of weight |
Males: 11 (55 %) |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
12-months follow-up |
|
Females: 9 (45 %) |
|
|
|
Mean age: 50 ± 4.5 years |
|
|
Balli et al., 2016a |
Turkey /BAS |
IC: 30–49 years old, > 20 remaining teeth HbA1c < 6.5 %, and FPG < 100 mg/dL |
n = 20 |
BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2
|
PD and CAL ≥ 5mm with bone loss affecting > 30 % of existing teeth on clinical/radiographic examination |
NSPT |
Before NSPT |
NA |
EC: aggressive periodontitis, periapical pathologies, exposure to mechanical force as a result of occlusion/orthodontics, systemic diseases such as cancer, HIV, diabetes mellitus or additional diseases which may interfere with adipokines levels and the periodontal conditions high-grade steroid therapies, radiation/immuno-suppressive therapies, pregnancy, lactation, smoking over the past five years, allergic reaction to any kind of drug, no history of either periodontal or drug therapies within the preceding six months, namely anti-inflammatory treatments, and antibiotic courses or other pharmacological treatments |
Males: 9 (45 %) |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
6-weeks follow-up |
|
Females: 11 (55 %) |
|
|
|
Mean age: 40.56 ± 4.11 years |
|
|
Balli et al., 2016a |
Turkey /BAS |
IC: 30–49 years old, > 20 remaining teeth HbA1c < 6.5 %, and FPG < 100 mg/dL |
n = 20 |
BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2
|
PD and CAL ≥ 5mm with bone loss affecting > 30 % of existing teeth on clinical/radiographic examination |
NSPT |
Before NSPT |
NA |
EC: aggressive periodontitis, periapical pathologies, exposure to mechanical force as a result of occlusion/orthodontics, systemic diseases such as cancer, HIV, diabetes mellitus or additional diseases which may interfere with adipokines levels and the periodontal conditions high-grade steroid therapies, radiation/immuno-suppressive therapies, pregnancy, lactation, smoking over the past five years, allergic reaction to any kind of drug, no history of either periodontal or drug therapies within the preceding six months, namely anti-inflammatory treatments, and antibiotic courses or other pharmacological treatments |
Males: 9 (45 %) |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
6-weeks follow-up |
|
Females: 11 (55 %) |
|
|
|
Age: 42 (36–46) years |
|
|
Öngöz Dede et al., 2016b42
|
Turkey /BAS |
IC: ≥ 20 remaining teeth excluding third molars, non-smokers who had never smoked, no history of systemic disease, had not undergone periodontal therapy or taken medicine for at least 6 months before the study, no pregnancy or lactation, and no alcohol or antioxidant vitamin consumption |
n = 15 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
PD and CAL ≥ 5mm with bone loss affecting > 30 % of existing teeth on clinical/radiographic examination |
Intensive hygiene phase and full-mouth NSPT, and the maintenance and monitoring of oral hygiene |
Before NSPT |
Periodontal maintenance and monitoring of oral hygiene (non-specified) |
Males: 8 (53.3 %) |
4-weeks follow-up |
Females: 7 (46.7 %) |
|
Mean age: 47.13 ± 7.17 years; and Age range: 34–60 years |
|
Taşdemir et al., 201643
|
Turkey /BAS |
IC: > 25 years old, chronic periodontitis, obesity, ≥ 15 remaining teeth, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (in diabetes group) |
n = 14 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 5 teeth with ≥ 1 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 2 mm |
Intensive full-mouth NSPT |
Before FMT |
NA |
EC: antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug use within the previous 6 months, pregnancy or lactation, periodontal therapy within the previous 6 months, smoking or history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and lipid lowering medications |
Males: 9 (64.3 %) Females: 5 (35.7 %) |
WC > 102 cm (males) and > 88 cm (females) |
6-months follow-up |
|
Mean age: 49.2 ± 9.2; and Age range: 30–62 years |
|
|
Zuza et al., 201644
|
Brazil / BAS |
IC: 35–55 years old, both sexes, chronic periodontitis, and ≥ 20 remaining teeth |
n = 28 |
BMI ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2
|
≥ 6 teeth with PD ≥5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm and BOP |
NSPT and OHI and motivation |
Before NSPT |
3-months follow-up |
EC: smokers or former smokers, antibiotics or anti-inflammatory in prior 3 months, diabetes, or other systemic diseases, pregnant or lactating women, use of hormones, mental or physical limitations, and periodontal therapy in the previous 12 months |
Males: 6 (21.4 %) |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
|
Females: 22 (78.6 %) |
WC >102 cm (male) and >88 cm (female) |
|
Mean age: 45.7 ± 8.4 years |
% of body fat ≥25% (male) ≥35% (female) |
Akram et al., 201769. Akram Z, Baharuddin NA, Vaithilingam RD, et al. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on clinical periodontal variables and salivary resistin levels in obese Asians. J Oral Sci. 2017; 59(1): 93-102. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0127. https://doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.16-0127...
67
|
Malaysia/RCT |
IC: 30–66 years old, chronic periodontitis, and ≥ 12 remaining teeth excluding third molars |
n = 62 |
BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2
|
≥ 2 interproximal sites with PD ≥ 5 mm (different teeth) or ≥ 2 interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 4 mm (different teeth) |
NSPT, OHI and 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse |
No periodontal therapy or oral hygiene instruction |
Professional prophylaxis, re-motivation and OHR |
EC: pregnant or lactating mothers medical condition requiring prophylactic antibiotic administration before dental treatment, periodontal treatment during the previous 6 months, intellectual disability that might interfere with oral hygiene procedures, not Malaysian, presence of systemic conditions that could affect progression of periodontitis, or weight gain/loss or other inflammatory conditions |
CG = 31 and IG = 31 |
WHR ≥ 0.9 (males) and ≥ 0.85 (females) |
6-weeks and 3-months follow-up |
|
Males: 17 (27.4 %); CG = 9 (32.3 %) and IG = 8 (25.8 %) |
|
|
|
Females: 45 (72.6 %); CG = 22 (67.7 %) and IG = 23 (74.2 %) |
|
|
|
Mean age: CG = 44.84 ± 9.02 years and IG = 44.68 ± 10.63 years |
|
|
Basher et al., 201735
|
Malaysia/RCT |
IC: malaysians, ≥ 30 years old, chronic periodontitis, obesity, and ≥ 12 remaining teeth |
n = 62 |
BMI ≥ 27.5 kg/m2
|
≥ 2 interproximal sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 2 interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm (different teeth) or one site with PD ≥ 5 mm |
NSPT, OHI and 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse |
No periodontal therapy or oral hygiene instruction |
Professional prophylaxis, re-motivation and OHR |
EC: periodontal treatment within the past 6 months, antibiotic treatment within the past 4 months, require prophylactic antibiotic coverage, use of systemic or topical NSAIDs for the past 4 months, pregnant or intend to and lactating mothers, mentally handicapped, rheumatic heart disease, and valve replacement |
CG = 31 and IG = 31 |
3-months follow-up |
|
Males: 18 (29 %); CG = 10 (32.25 %) and IG = 8 (25.8 %) |
|
|
Females: 44 (71 %); CG = 21 (67.75 %) and IG = 23 (74.20 %) |
|
|
Mean age: CG = 44.85 ± 9.02 years and IG = 45.03 ± 10.72 years |
|
Martínez-Herrera et al., 2018a46
|
Spain/BAS |
EC: aggressive periodontitis, < 14 remaining teeth, infectious or other inflammatory diseases, periodontal therapy in the last 6 months or antibiotics in the last 3 months, treatment with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs, pregnancy or lactation, secondary obesity, antibiotic treatment before the dental intervention, and diabetes mellitus |
At baseline, n = 96 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 4 teeth with ≥1 sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm |
Intensive full-mouth NSPT, OHI and 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse |
Before NSPT |
Periodontal examinations at 3 months post-therapy |
Males: 29 % |
3-months follow-up |
Females: 71 % |
|
Mean age: 42.7 ± 10.2 years |
|
After 3 months, n = 74 |
|
Martínez-Herrera et al., 2018b47
|
Spain/BAS |
EC: aggressive periodontitis, < 14 remaining teeth, infectious or other inflammatory diseases, periodontal therapy in the last 6 months or antibiotics in the last 3 months, treatment with systemic anti-inflammatory drugs, pregnancy or lactation, secondary obesity, antibiotic treatment before the dental intervention, and diabetes mellitus |
n = 47 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 4 teeth with ≥ 1 sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm |
Intensive full-mouth NSPT, OHI and 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse |
Before NSPT |
Periodontal examinations at 3-months post-therapy |
Males: 31.9 % |
3-months follow-up |
Females: 68.1 % |
|
Mean age: 44.4 ± 10.4 years |
|
Çetiner et al., 201945
|
Turkey /BAS |
IC: > 20 years old, > 22 remaining teeth, and no systemic diseases |
n = 21 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 30 % of the sites with bone loss and ≥ 2 non-adjacent teeth with ≥ 1 sites with PD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 5 mm in each quadrant and BOP |
Intensive full-mouth NSPT |
Before FMT |
NA |
EC: localized chronic periodontitis, receiving periodontal therapy/surgery in the last 6 months, pregnancy or use of any hormone therapy, antibiotic or anti-inflammatory drug therapy within the last 6 months, smoker, lactating, aggressive periodontitis, and periapical pathologies |
Females: 100 % |
WC > 102 cm (males) and > 88 cm (females) |
3-months follow-up |
|
Mean age: 44.67 ± 10.87 years |
|
|
Peralta et al., 202048
|
Brazil / BAS |
IC: ≥ 45 years old, both sexes, moderate, severe, and advanced periodontitis, and ≥ 12 remaining teeth |
n = 55 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Stage II: interdental PD ≤ 5 mm, CAL 3 to 4 mm, and radiographic bone loss at coronal third between 15 % to 33 % |
FMD |
Before NSPT |
0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 14 days post-therapy |
EC: orthodontic devices, pregnancy or breast-feeding, systemic diseases or other conditions that could influence the periodontal status (other than diabetes), alcohol abuse, prophylactic antibiotic coverage, systemic antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatory drugs six months prior to the study, and periodontal therapy within six months prior to the study |
Males: 19 (34.5 %) |
WC > 102 cm (males) and > 88 cm (females) |
Stage III and IV: PD ≥ 6 mm, interdental CAL ≥ 5 mm, and radiographic bone loss extending to mild-third of the root |
Every 3-months, OHR, supragingival dental scaling and professional prophylaxis |
|
Females: 36 (65.5 %) |
|
|
|
|
Mean age: 48.9 ± 7.8 years |
|
|
|
Md Tahir et al., 202049
|
Malaysia/BAS |
IC: > 30 years old, obesity and normal weight, and ≥ 12 remaining teeth |
n = 18 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
≥ 2 interproximal sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and ≥ 2 interproximal sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm (different teeth) or one site with PD ≥ 5 mm |
Intensive full-mouth NSPT and OHI |
Before NSPT |
15 mL 0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse, t.i.d., for 14 days post-therapy |
EC: history of periodontal therapy in last 6 months, on antibiotics and topical/systemic steroid treatment in last 4 months, pregnancy, lactating mothers, mentally handicapped, and valve replacement and rheumatic heart disease which require antibiotic coverage |
Males: 6 (33.3 %) |
Root surface debridement at sites with PD ≥ 5mm |
3-months follow-up |
|
Females: 12 (66.7 %) |
Periodontal pockets irrigated with 0.12 % chlorhexidine |
|
|
Mean age: 44.7 ± 2.4 years |
0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse |
|
Montero et al., 202036
|
Spain/RCT |
IC: 35–65 years old, metabolic syndrome [MetS (at least, 3 risk factors: WC ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, HDL < 40 mg/dL in males and < 50 mg/dL in females, BP systolic ≥ 130 and/or diastolic ≥ 85 mm Hg, FPG ≥ 100 mg/dL)], stages III-IV generalized periodontitis, and ≥ 16 remaining teeth |
n = 63 |
WC ≥ 94 cm (males) and ≥ 80 cm (females) |
≥ 8 sites with PD ≥ 6 mm and 4 sites with CAL ≥ 5 mm in ≥ 2 different quadrants |
NSPT, OHI and administration of a systemic antibiotic (azithromycin 500 mg, q.d., for 3 days), administered at the last session of SRP |
Minimal periodontal therapy (supragingival professional mechanical plaque and calculus removal) + administration of placebo medication for 3 days + OHI |
0.12 % chlorhexidine and 0.05 % cetylpyridinium chloride mouth rinse for 14 days post-therapy |
EC: uncontrolled systemic diseases other than diabetes or hypertension, surgical treatment in the previous 3 months, alcoholism or psychiatric disorders, systemic antibiotic in the previous 3 months, NSPT in the previous 6 months, or surgical periodontal treatment over the previous 12 months |
CG = 31 and IG = 32 |
professional prophylaxis in both groups at the 3- and 6-months post-therapy |
|
Males: 44 (69.8 %); CG = 22 (70.9 %) and IG = 22 (68.8 %) |
6-months follow-up |
|
Females: 19 (30.2 %); CG = 9 (29.1 %) and IG = 10 (31.2 %) |
|
|
Mean age: CG = 58.3 ± 5.8 years and IG = 56.7 ± 6.5 years |
|
Cortelli et al., 202150
|
Brazil / BAS |
IC: ≥ 45 years old, both genders, moderate to advanced generalized periodontitis (Stage II-IV), and ≥ 12 remaining teeth |
n = 55 |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2
|
Interproximal CAL detectable in ≥ 2 teeth (non-adjacent) |
FMD |
Before NSPT |
0.12 % chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 14 days post-therapy |
EC: chronic renal failure, stroke history, not controlled diabetes, rheumatism, osteoporosis, HIV, acute myocardial infarction 6 months before the study, pregnant and lactating, and periodontal treatment in last year |
Males: 19 (34.5 %) |
WC > 102 cm (males) and > 88 cm (females) |
or |
Every 3 months, OHR, professional prophylaxis and supragingival debridement |
|
Females: 36 (65.5 %) |
|
PD > 3 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm in ≥ 2 teeth |
6-months follow-up |
|
Mean age: 48.9 ± 7.8 years |
|
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