Video-based research |
Abushal and Adenubi 2003 4545. Abushal MS , Adenubi JO . Attitudes of Saudi parents toward behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry . J Dent Child (Chic) . 2003 May-Aug ; 70 ( 2 ): 104 - 10 . , Saudi Arabia |
University |
TSD; PR; HOM; CS; APS; DIS; VC; PP/A; NC; GA. |
VAS (4 categories by the authors); |
TSD and PR were the most acceptable. The most unacceptable was VC and HOM. |
Parents accepted most of the techniques. Explanation enhanced their level of acceptance. |
133 |
Ranking preference. |
NI |
|
Alammouri 2006 3838. Alammouri M . The attitude of parents toward behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry . J Clin Pediatr Dent . 2006 ; 30 ( 4 ): 310 - 3 . https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.4.m73568r0t74962m3 https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.30.4.m7356...
, Jordan |
University |
TSD; PR; NC; VC; PP/A; DIS; HOM; APS; Hyp; N2O; CS; GA. |
Yes/No response. |
Parents had positive attitudes to TSD, PR and DIS. Did not accept the HOM, APS, N2O, CS and GA. |
The general parental attitudes were positive regarding the BGT. |
138 |
66M |
70F |
NI |
Allen et al 1995 2828. Allen KD , Hodges ED , Knudsen SK . Comparing four methods to inform parents about child behavior management: how to inform for consent . Pediatr Dent . 1995 May-Jun ; 17 ( 3 ): 180 - 6 . , USA |
University |
TSD; N2O; PPS; VC; HOM; OP; APS; GA. |
Likert scale (1-9) and consenting (Yes/No). |
Only the oral method produced significantly better consent for individual procedures. All the parents consented to TSD. |
Oral information to parents about each technique is most likely to result in parents who feel well informed and who are likely to provide written consent. |
120 |
120 F |
02/ago |
Boka et al 2014 4646. Boka V , Arapostathis K , Vretos N , Kotsanos N . Parental acceptance of behaviour-management techniques used in paediatric dentistry and its relation to parental dental anxiety and experience . Eur Arch Paediatr Dent . 2014 Oct ; 15 ( 5 ): 333 - 9 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0119-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-014-0119-...
, Greece |
University |
TSD; N2O; PPS; VC; HOM; CS; APS; GA; PPA. |
VAS (0-10) |
TSD was rated higher than any other by all parents. PPA was the second most accepted technique followed by N2O. The least accepted techniques were PPS and GA. |
Parents with negative dental experience would prefer GA over any of active or passive restraint, HOM and VC techniques. PPA was a highly acceptable technique. |
229 |
60 M |
129 F |
3-12 (7.8) |
Chang 2016 3535. Chang CT . Ethnic influence on parental preferences towards behavioral management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . Ann Arbor : The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston ; 2016 . , USA |
Pediatric Dentistry Clinic |
TSD; VC; NC; PR; DIS; PPA; N2O; GA; SE; APS. |
VAS (0-100) |
PR and TSD were the most acceptable techniques. Decreasing of acceptance DIS, PPA, N2O, NC, SE, VC and APS. |
PR and TSD are most accepted by parents, while invasive techniques such as VC and PP/A, are the least accepted. |
104 |
30 M |
74 F |
NI |
Cordero et al 2012 4747. Cordero N , Cárdenas JM , Álvarez LG . Parental acceptance of pharmacologicand non-pharmacologic behaviormanagement techniquesin pediatric dentistry . CES Odontol . 2012 ; 25 ( 2 ): 24 - 32 . , Colombia |
Private practice and University |
TSD; PR; DIS; APS; PPS; N2O; GA. |
Likert scale |
89.1% accepted the N2O. And 35.9% accepted the GA. The communicative techniques had more acceptances with TSD (94.6%), PR (97.7%), DIS (92.2%). |
There was high rejection of parents to the traditional use of restrictive techniques and greater acceptance of communication techniques. |
129 |
26 M |
103 F |
mar/15 |
Video-based research |
Eaton et al 2005 3131. Eaton JJ , McTigue DJ , Fields HW Jr , Beck M . Attitudes of contemporary parents toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . Pediatr Dent . 2005 Mar-Apr ; 27 ( 2 ): 107 - 13 . , USA |
University |
TSD; N2O; PPS; VC; HOM; SE; APS; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
TSD was rated as the most acceptable technique, followed (in order of decreasing acceptance) by N2O, GA, APS, OP, VC, PPS, and HOM. |
All techniques had acceptable ratings except for HOM. GA was ranked as the third most acceptable technique. |
46 |
8 M |
38 F |
NI |
Enciso et al 2001 4848. Enciso PA , Posada MC , Quintero AM , Valencia C , Vásquez J , Ríos S , et al . Aceptabilidad, percepción y permisividad de los padres a las diferentes técnicas de manejo del comportamiento utilizadas en los pacientes pediátricos de la Clínica CES . CES Odontol . 2001 ; 14 ( 1 ): 28 - 35 . , Colombia |
University |
TSD; DIS; RP; APS; PPS. |
Yes/no response. |
TSD, PR and DIS were the most accepted techniques. Restrictive BGT had lower acceptance ratings. |
Parents compared to those that did not require some type of physical restriction less accepted restrictive techniques. |
81 |
NI |
Fields et al 1984 4040. Fields HW Jr , Machen JB , Murphy MG . Acceptability of various behavior management techniques relative to types of dental treatment . Pediatr Dent . 1984 Dec ; 6 ( 4 ): 199 - 203 . , USA |
University |
TSD; MP; VC; PR; HOM; APS; PPS; SE; GA. |
Yes/no response (acceptable and unacceptable). |
TSD was the most accepted technique followed by PR, VC and MP. Also, the proportion of parents indicating approval of PPS to complete an emergency extraction was higher and significantly different from all other proportions of the procedures for this specific technique. |
GA and SD were rated as acceptable by a majority of parents. VC, MP, PR, and TSD were acceptable. Use of PPS was the lowest rated technique acceptable by parents. The acceptability of BGT is related to the specific dental procedure to be accomplished. |
67 |
NI |
Havelka et al 1992 2626. Havelka C , McTigue D , Wilson S , Odom J . The influence of social status and prior explanation on parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques . Pediatr Dent . 1992 Nov-Dec ; 14 ( 6 ): 376 - 81 . , USA |
Private practices and University |
TSD; N2O; PPS; VC; HOM; OP; APS; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
Acceptable ratings reported for TSD, VC, N2O, APS, OP, GA, PPS and HOM, (in that order). |
Techniques judged least acceptable were HOM (the most unacceptable), GA, PPS and OP. |
122 |
17 M |
105 F |
NI |
Jafarzadeh et al 2015 3232. Jafarzadeh M , Kooshki F , Malekafzali B , Ahmadi S . Attitude of parents referred to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry towards different behavioral management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . J Dental Sch Shahid Beheshti Unive Medical Sciences . 2015 ; 33 ( 1 ): 44 - 50 . https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v33i1.24748 https://doi.org/10.22037/jds.v33i1.24748...
, Iran |
University |
TSD; VC; PPS; PR; HOM; OS; GA. |
VAS (0-100) presented as yes/no. |
TSD had the highest acceptance, PPS (35%) and HOM (30%) the lowest. |
Parents reported negative ratings of physical techniques (PPS and HOM) as in past studies. But, advanced pharmaceutical techniques (SE and GA) were reported to have gained higher levels of acceptability. |
54 |
18 M |
36 F |
NI |
Jahanimoghadam et al 2018 2727. Jahanimoghadam F , Hasheminejad N , Horri A , Rostamizadeh MR , Baneshi MR . Does verbal explanation change parental acceptance level of different Behavior Management techniques in dental office? J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol . 2018 ; 7 ( 2 ): 80 - 6 . , Iran |
University |
TSD; VC; HOM; APS; PPA; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
TSD and HOM had the highest and lowest mean scores respectively. The most accepted techniques was: TSD, PPA, APS, VC, GA and HOM. |
Parents rated non-invasive methods more favorably. |
60 |
20 M |
40 F |
fev/15 |
Video-based research |
Kupietzky 2006 4949. Kupietzky A . Effects of video information on parental preoperative anxiety level and their perception of conscious sedation vs. general anesthesia for the dental treatment of their young child . J Clin Pediatr Dent . 2006 ; 31 ( 2 ): 90 - 2 . https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.31.2.773784g75vq15w45 https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.31.2.77378...
, Israel |
Private dental clinic |
SE and GA. |
VAS and Yes/No responses. |
The majority of parents preferred SE over GA. The majority of the parents stated that their perception of GA was not reflected as much as in the video shown. |
Parents better-accepted SE. |
40 |
14 M |
26 F |
Mean age 3.7 |
Kuscu et al 2014 5050. Kuscu OO , Caglar E , Sandalli N . Parents’ assessments on the effectiveness of nonaversive behavior management techniques: A pilot study . J Dent Sci . 2014 ; 9 ( 1 ): 29 - 34 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.001 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2013.02.00...
, Turkey |
University |
TSD; PR; VC; DIS; NC; PPA; perceived control; gifts. |
VAS (0-10) |
Perceived control and PR were rated the most effective and NC and PPA the least effective. |
All the advanced techniques were found to be effective by some parents. |
25 |
Perceived control and positive reinforcement were rated the most effective. |
12 M |
|
13 F |
|
5-13 (7.56) |
|
Lawrence et al 1991 2222. Lawrence SM , McTigue DJ , Wilson S , Odom JG , Waggoner WF , Fields HW Jr . Parental attitudes toward behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . Pediatr Dent . 1991 May-Jun ; 13 ( 3 ): 151 - 5 . , USA |
University |
TSD; N2O; PPS; VC; HOM; OP; APS; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
GA was the more unacceptable, followed by OP and PPS. The techniques better accepted were TSD, N2O and VC, respectively. |
Informed parents were significantly more accepting of behavior guidance techniques than the uninformed parents but both groups were positive about the techniques. |
80 |
21 M |
59 F |
NI |
Leon et al 2010 2929. León JL , Jimeno FG , Dalmau LJB . Acceptance by Spanish parents of behaviour-management techniques used in paediatric dentistry . Eur Arch Paediatr Dent . 2010 Aug ; 11 ( 4 ): 175 - 8 . https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262739 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262739...
, Spain |
University |
TSD; N2O; SE; PPS; VC; HOM; OP; GA; APS. |
VAS (0-10) |
The most acceptable technique was TSD, while the least accepted was the HOM. |
The techniques were well accepted with the exception of HOM and the PPS. |
50 |
Decreasing order of acceptance, by VC, APS, N2O, OP and PPS and last HOM. |
The socioeconomic and sex of parents influenced level of acceptance of techniques. |
16 M |
|
|
34 F |
|
|
mar/13 |
|
|
Martinez Mier et al 2019 6666. Martinez Mier EA , Walsh CR , Farah CC , Vinson LA , Soto-Rojas AE , Jones JE . Acceptance of behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry by parents from diverse backgrounds . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 2019 Aug ; 58 ( 9 ): 977 - 84 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819845897 https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819845897...
, USA |
Community centers and University |
TSD; VC; APS; GA; N2O; OP; PPS |
VAS (0-100) |
Comparisons among study groups showed that acceptance was statistically different between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white participants for GA and PPS where Hispanic parents are more accepting of PPS but less accepting of GA. Statistical differences exist between non-Hispanic black and Hispanic parents for APS and GA where Hispanic parents are less accepting of both techniques. No differences existed between non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black parents. |
Differences in acceptance of behavior management techniques exist between Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black parents, which suggest that practitioners should take into account cultural differences when electing to use them. |
Video-based research |
Martinez Mier et al 2019 6666. Martinez Mier EA , Walsh CR , Farah CC , Vinson LA , Soto-Rojas AE , Jones JE . Acceptance of behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry by parents from diverse backgrounds . Clin Pediatr (Phila) . 2019 Aug ; 58 ( 9 ): 977 - 84 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819845897 https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819845897...
, USA |
136 |
TSD; VC; APS; GA; N2O; OP; PPS |
VAS (0-100) |
Significant differences were not found for N2O, TSD, and VC. |
Differences in acceptance of behavior management techniques exist between Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black parents, which suggest that practitioners should take into account cultural differences when electing to use them. |
28 M |
|
108 F |
|
Under 18 |
|
Muhammad et al 2011 22. Muhammad S , Shyama M , Al-Mutawa SA . Parental attitude toward behavioral management techniques in dental practice with schoolchildren in Kuwait . Med Princ Pract . 2011 ; 20 ( 4 ): 350 - 5 . https://doi.org/10.1159/000323758 https://doi.org/10.1159/000323758...
, Kwait |
University |
TSD; PR; NC; effective communication; Mo; VC; PP/A; DIS; HOM; APS; Hyp; N2O; CS; GA. |
Yes/no questions. |
PR (100%), effective communication, TSD, DIS, M and NC were considered as the most approved techniques. Hyp and PP/A were moderately approved. VC, N2O, SE, APS, GA (5.9%), HOM (5.1%) technique and CS (4.2%) were the least approved techniques. |
Most parents preferred the nonpharmacological techniques (PR, TSD, NC, DIS, Mo) to pharmacological techniques. Techniques employing drugs and restraint were considered least acceptable. |
118 |
54 M |
64 F |
6-13 (8.8) |
Murphy et al 1984 3333. Murphy MG , Fields HW Jr , Machen JB . Parental acceptance of pediatric dentistry behavior management techniques . Pediatr Dent . 1984 Dec ; 6 ( 4 ): 193 - 8 . , USA |
University |
TSD; VC; MP; PR; HOM; APS by dentist; APS by assistant; PPS; SE; GA. |
VAS (divided in quartile). |
Parents favored TSD, PR, MP and VC, in this order. Physical restraint by the dentist and assistant were significantly more favorable than HOM and SE. The least acceptable techniques were GA and PPS. |
Techniques not requiring restriction were rated as more acceptable. Techniques employing drugs and restraint were less acceptable. |
67 |
NI |
Paryab et al 2014 4242. Paryab M , Afshar H , Mohammadi R . Informing Parents about the Pharmacological and Invasive Behavior Management Techniques Used in Pediatric Dentistry . J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect . 2014 ; 8 ( 2 ): 95 - 100 . , Iran |
NI |
APS; PPS; HOM; OP; GA. |
Likert scale. |
The technique most accepted was APS by assistant or mother (82.2%), followed by OP (54.4%), HOM (53.3%), GA (38.9%) and PPS (37.8%). |
None of the presentation methods had a significant preference over the others in selecting the BGT. |
90 |
90 F |
03/jun |
Patel et al 2016 3030. Patel M , McTigue DJ , Thikkurissy S , Fields HW . Parental attitudes toward advanced behavior guidance techniques used in pediatric dentistry . Pediatr Dent . 2016 Jan-Feb ; 38 ( 1 ): 30 - 6 . , USA |
University and private practice |
PPS; APS; SE; GA in 3 different situations: (1) acceptance of the technique; (2) acceptance of the technique if the child was in pain, had a swollen face, and treatment was urgent; and (3) acceptance of using the technique at multiple appointments, if the child had several cavities. |
VAS (0-100) |
The techniques more accepted were SE, follow by GA, APS and passive immobilization. If the child was in pain and treatment was urgent, acceptance for all techniques increased, except for active immobilization. If the child required multiple appointments, the acceptance for all techniques decreased. |
Advanced pharmacologic techniques (SE and GA) were rated as the most acceptable. Passive immobilization was rated as the least acceptable technique. The acceptance of different behavior management techniques was related to pain/urgency of treatment and amount of treatment necessary. |
105 |
20 M |
85 F |
NI |
Video-based research |
Rahman et al, 2020 7171. Rahman MT , Kamarudin A , Eusufzai SZ , Mamat N , Zakaria AS , Karobari MI . Acceptability of different behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry: a study of chinese, indian and malay parents . Int J Curr Res Rev . 2021 ; 13 ( 4 ): 157 - 61 . https://doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.13408 https://doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.1340...
, Malaysia |
Two University Hospitals |
TSD; VC; Mo; PPS; DIS; PP/A; HOM; N2O; SE; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
BGT were accepted in this order: TSD; DIS, PP/A; Mo; VC; N2O; SE; PPA; HOM; and GA. There was a significant difference ( p< 0.05) in the amount of approval given to modelling when comparing Chinese and Indian ethnicities. |
Most BGT have been shown to produce similarly acceptable results amongst Asian parents with statistically insignificant differences in the amount of approval given for the techniques besides modeling. |
72 (22 Chinese, 22 Indian and 22 Malay) |
43 M |
29 F |
7.96 (3.1) |
NI |
Razavi and Purtaji 2007 3434. Razavi S , Purtaji B . Determining the behavior management technique’s acceptance of mothers referred to the department of pediatric dentistry in Qazvin (2007) . J Inflamm Dis . 2009 ; 13 ( 3 ): 81 - 6 . , Iran |
University |
GA; PP/A; HOM; VC. |
Yes/No acceptance. |
Acceptance ratios were as follows: PP/A 100%; VC 92 %; HOM 50% AND GA 30%. |
PP/A was the most acceptable and GA the least. |
50 |
50F |
U |
Scott and Garcia-Godoy 1998 2323. Scott S , García-Godoy F . Attitudes of Hispanic parents toward behavior management techniques . ASDC J Dent Child . 1998 Mar-Apr ; 65 ( 2 ): 128 - 31 . PMID:9617454 , USA |
University |
TSD; VC; N2O; OP; GA; APS; HOM; PPS. |
VAS (0-99) |
HOM was rated unacceptable by 63% of the parents with previous explanation and 81% without. TSD was the technique better accepted in both groups. |
An informed parent is more likely to show greater acceptance of a techniques. HOM and PPS showed a statistically greater degree of nonacceptance. Parents would rather have the child subjected to GA than HOM. |
32 |
6 M |
26 F |
NI |
Simões et al 2016 5151. Simões FX , Macedo TG , Coqueiro RS , Pithon MM . Percepção dos pais sobre as técnicas de manejo comportamental utilizadas em Odontopediatria . Rev Bras Odontol . 2016 ; 73 ( 4 ): 277 - 82 . https://doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.277 https://doi.org/10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.277...
, Brazil |
Pediatric dental clinic |
TSD; VC; PR; PPA; HOM; APS; PPS; SE. |
Always, sometimes, never. |
TSD and PR were the most acceptable techniques before and after explanation. |
Non-restrictive techniques had high acceptance rates both before and after the explanations, while restrictive techniques had low rates of acceptance. After receiving explanations of BGT, parents are more likely to accept the use of certain techniques. |
38 |
Acceptance of the HOM technique rose from 34.2% to 68.5% after explanation. |
7 M |
|
32 F |
|
0-12 |
|
Taran et al 2018 3636. Taran PK , Kaya MS , Bakkal M , Özalp Ş . The effect of parenting styles on behavior management technique preferences in a Turkish population . Pediatr Dent . 2018 Sep ; 40 ( 5 ): 360 - 4 . , Turkey |
University |
TSD; VC; PR; PPA; PPS, SE; GA. |
Applicable, applicable if really needed, or not applicable. |
Acceptance ratios were as follows: PR 91.5%; TSD 80.3 %; PPA 45.1 %; VC 36.6 %; SE 33.8 %; GA 25.4 % and PPS 16.9% |
Parental preferences for BGT may be related to parenting styles and parental dental anxiety. |
146 |
17 M |
125 F |
03/dez |
Wilson et al 1991 5252. Wilson S , Antalis D , McTigue DJ . Group effect on parental rating of acceptability of behavioral management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . Pediatr Dent . 1991 Jul-Aug ; 13 ( 4 ): 200 - 3 . , USA |
University |
TSD; VC; HOM; APS; PPS; N2O; OP; GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
TSD was most acceptable technique, follow by VC; N2O; APS; GA; OP; PPS and HOM (in group) and TSD; APS; VC; N2O; GA; PPS; OP and HOM (individually). |
Small groups of parents viewing techniques tend to rate them as less acceptable than parents viewing the same techniques individually. |
60 |
17 M |
43 F |
NI |
Non-video-based research (Questionnaire, photographs, power point, verbal explanation) |
Alkandari et al 2016 5353. Alkandari SA , Almousa F , Abdulwahab M , Boynes SG . Dentists’ and Parents’ Attitude Toward Nitrous Oxide Use in Kuwait . Anesth Prog . 2016 ; 63 ( 1 ): 8 - 16 . https://doi.org/10.2344/14-00008.1 https://doi.org/10.2344/14-00008.1...
, Kwait |
Kuwait and private clinics |
N2O and GA. |
Yes/No acceptance. |
66% of parents accept the N2O. Similar percentage of them would prefer N2O (64%) over GA (36%). |
Parents are accepting nitrous oxide sedation as a BGT for their children. |
381 |
179 M |
197 F |
1-15 (5.9) |
Acharya 2017 5454. Acharya S . Parental acceptance of various behaviour management techniques used in pediatric dentistry: a pilot study in Odisha, India . Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clin Integr . 2017 ; 17 ( 1 ): 1 - 6 . https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2017.171.26 https://doi.org/10.4034/PBOCI.2017.171.2...
, India |
University |
VC; TSD; PR; APS; HOM; N2O; GA; OP; Mo; MP. |
VAS (0-100) presented in ranking. |
The most acceptable technique was TSD (86%), followed by PP/A (76%). The least acceptable were HOM, voice control and APS. |
TSD was the most accepted behavior technique and HOM the least. |
50 |
32 M |
18 F |
03/jun |
Al Zoubi et al 2019 3939. Al Zoubi L , Schmoeckel J , Mustafa Ali M , Alkilzy M , Splieth CH . Parental acceptance of advanced behaviour management techniques in normal treatment and in emergency situations used in paediatric dentistry . Eur Arch Paediatr Dent . 2019 Aug ; 20 ( 4 ): 319 - 23 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0408-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0408-...
, and Al Zoubi et al 2021 6767. Al Zoubi L , Schmoeckel J , Mustafa Ali M , Splieth CH . Parental acceptance of advanced behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry in families with different cultural background . Eur Arch Paediatr Dent . 2021 Aug ; 22 ( 4 ): 707 - 13 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00607-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00607...
, Germany |
University (Germany) and University Hospital (Jordan) |
PPS; APS; N2O; GA. |
Likert scale (5-point ranging from one (highly unacceptable) to five (highly acceptable) |
In normal treatment, N2O (52.6%) followed by APS (39.3%), GA (28%) and PPS (19.9%). In emergency situations, N2O (68.2%), followed by GA (62.8%), APS (54%) and PPR (37.8%)( p< 0.001). In the Jordan University group, the most accepted technique was N2O (mean 3.22 ± 1.50) followed by APS, PPS, and GA (mean 2.11 ± 1.30). In emergency situation, parents were also significantly more accepting of all advanced BGT. |
Parents in Germany are more willing to accept advanced BGT in emergency situations, in comparison to normal treatment. Cultural background and the urgency of the treatment influence the acceptance of advanced BGT in pediatric dentistry. |
136 (Germany) |
PPS was significantly more accepted in the Jordan University group than in the University of Greifswald group (p = 0.001). The parents in the University of Greifswald group were significantly more accepting of N2O sedation than were the parents in the Jordan University group (p = 0.010). |
41 M |
|
95 F |
|
99 (Jordan) |
|
15 M |
|
84 F |
|
NI |
|
Non-video-based research (Questionnaire, photographs, power point, verbal explanation) |
Betancur et al 2006 5555. Betancur E , Londoño S , Alvarez C , Cárdenas JM , Manrique RD . Evaluación de la aceptación de la técnica de sedación inhalada con oxido nitroso por parte de padres y niños entre los 4 y 12 años de edad . CES Odontol . 2006 ; 19 ( 1 ): 33 - 7 . , Colombia |
Private practices |
N2O. |
12 questions (4 options – extremely positive; positive; negative; extremely negative). |
66% considerate the technique appropriate, 84% accepted, just 2% considerate not acceptable. |
There was a high perception and acceptance of the technique by both parents and children. |
50 |
NI |
4-12 (8) |
Bhandari et al 2018 5656. Bhandari R , Thakur S , Singhal P , Chauhan D , Jayam C , Jain T . Parental awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward conscious sedation in North Indian children population: A questionnaire-based study . Indian J Dent Res . 2018 Sep-Oct ; 29 ( 5 ): 693-7 . https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_120_17 https://doi.org/10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_120_17...
, India |
University |
SE. |
Conscious sedation safety (yes/no). |
Parents acceptance: with high school 15%; graduate 90%; postgraduate 93%; not completed high school 61%. Most of parents (40%) were graduates. |
Parents feel sedation is safe in the dental office. |
320 |
NI |
02/mai |
Brill 2002 5757. Brill WA . Parents’ assessment and children’s reactions to a passive restraint device used for behavior control in a private pediatric dental practice . ASDC J Dent Child . 2002 Sep-Dec ; 69 ( 3 ): 310 - 3 . , USA |
NI |
APS. |
Happy/neutral or |
95% of parents were happy/neutral to the APS. |
Parents accept the use of passive restraint even when they feel high levels of stress while watching their child held in such devices. |
42 |
Unhappy. |
And 92% of parents answered that the use of APS was very/moderately successful. |
01/jun |
|
|
Brito and Machado 2021 6969. Brito G , Machado C . Parents’ perception of behavioral control techniques at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic at UniRuy Faculty, Salvador-BA . J. Dent. Public. Health , Salvador . 2021 Dec ; 12 ( 2 ): https://doi.org/10.17267/2596-3368dentistry.v12i2.3805 https://doi.org/10.17267/2596-3368dentis...
, Brazil |
University |
TSD; NC; VC; PR; DIS; Mo; PPS; HOM. |
Yes/No acceptance. |
The most acceptable technique was TSD (100%), followed by DIS (98%), PR (94%), and VC (90%). The least acceptable were PPS (81%) and HOM (52%). |
The most acceptable technique was TSD. The techniques that had the greatest rejection were HOM, followed by physical restraint, showing greater difficulty in the parents’ acceptance of techniques that restrict the child’s movements. |
53 |
NI |
05/dez |
Chen 2010 3737. Chen X , Jin SF , Liu HB . [ Analysis of possible factors that impact parents to accept dental general anesthesia ]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue . 2010 Apr ; 19 ( 2 ): 151 - 4 . Chinese . , China |
U |
GA. |
VAS (0-100) |
Acceptance rate of GA was positively related to the monthly income and negatively related to the evaluated score of child cooperation degree. |
There was no correlation in GA acceptance rate and the age of the child, age of the parents, educational level and the frequency of dental visit for the child. The major factors for mother to accept GA were income level and the level of children’s cooperation. |
299 |
U |
Chen 2008 5858. Chen X , Jin SF , Liu HB . [ Survey of parental acceptance rate to behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry ]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue . 2008 ; 17 ( 5 ): 475 - 8 . Chinese . , China |
U |
TSD; VC; GA; SE; APS. |
VAS (0-100) |
Decreasing the acceptance rates for the following in order was: TSD, VC, SE, GA and PPS. Females accepted more TSD and males accepted more APS, and this difference was significant. |
No techniques were found to be totally acceptable by all parents. |
285 |
U |
Frankel 1991 5959. Frankel RI . The Papoose Board and mothers’ attitudes following its use . Pediatr Dent . 1991 Sep-Oct ; 13 ( 5 ): 284 - 8 . , USA |
Pediatric dental practice |
PPS. |
Questions yes/no and Likert scale. |
62% reported that the use of PPS was very helpful and necessary. |
The mothers had positive attitudes toward the use of PPS after experiencing its use with their children. |
59 |
86% did not think that just seating the child in the dental chair and holding him/her would have been successful. |
59 F |
|
0-5 or more (3.1) |
|
|
Fuccio et al 2003 6060. Fúccio F , Ferreira K , Watanabe S , Jorge M , Pordeus I , Paiva S . Aceitação dos pais em relação às técnicas de manejo do comportamento utilizadas em odontopediatria . JBP . 2003 ; 6 ( 30 ): 146 - 51 . , Brazil |
University |
TSD; VC; PR; HOM; SE; GA; APS; PPS. |
Three options determined by author (always; usually; never). |
Non-restrictive techniques were accepted always by 81%, TSD was the most accepted by 98%, followed by PR 91.8%. |
Non-restrictive techniques were the most accepted by parents (TSD; VC; PR) and the restrictive and SE/GA was rated as most unacceptable. |
49 |
Restrictive techniques were accepted always by 29% of parents. |
11 M |
|
38 F |
|
03/dez |
|
Hashemi et al 7272. Hashemi E , Amirabadi F , Esmaeil Jami M . Evaluation of parental acceptance of different behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry, Zahedan, Iran . Int J Pediatr . 2021 ; 9 ( 2 ): 13103 - 11 . https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.53106.4216 https://doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.53106....
2021, Iran |
Dental School |
TSD; VC; HOM; Mo; PPS, SE; GA. |
VAS (0-10) |
TSD (6.3±2.47), followed by the VC (5.62±1.82), GA (4.52 ± 2.17), Mo (3.68±1.60), and SE (3.92±1.13), were the most accepted. PPS (2.47±1.34), and NOM (2.14 ± 0.87) were least accepted. |
Parents mainly prefer the TSD above all for management of their child’s behavior in dentistry; whereas, physical restrain and HOM methods were the least accepted. Parents consider their child’s age when deciding on a behavior guidance technique, regardless of the child’s sex and birth rank, and the total number of children in the family, and parents’ education. |
70 |
18M |
52F |
0-12 |
Kamolmatayakul and Nakaw 2002 6161. Kamolmatayakul S , Nukaw S . Parent attitudes toward various behaviour management techniques used in pediatric dentistry in Southern Thailand . Int J Health Promot Educ . 2002 ; 40 ( 3 ): 75 - 7 . https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2002.10806202 https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2002.10...
, Thailand |
University |
TSD; PR; DIS; PP/A; VC; HOM; PPS; SE; GA. |
Likert scale (total acceptance, acceptance, neutral, not accepted, and totally unacceptable). |
TSD was accepted by all parents followed by PR (94%) and DIS (83%). PPS was accepted by 49%. The least acceptable were GA (62%), HOM (58%), VC (56%), and SE (55%). |
Parents better accepted non-restrictive techniques compared to restrictive methods. |
185 |
fev/15 |
Peretz and Zadik 1999 2424. Peretz B , Zadik D . Parents’ attitudes toward behavior management techniques during dental treatment . Pediatr Dent . 1999 May-Jun ; 21 ( 3 ): 201 - 4 . , Israel |
University |
VC; APS; PPS; SE. Parents were asked to note their preferred technique based on the explanation given in advance and in the case their children did not cooperate with the dentist. |
Total unacceptance, partial acceptance, acceptance. |
VC was totally accepted by most parents (53%), APS was accepted partially by 64% of parents, PPS was total unacceptable by 44% and SE was partial accepted by 53% of parents. A significant difference was found according to the child’s behavior during the treatment. Among the parents who were in favor of restraint, 61% of the children did not cooperate. The same pat- tern was found with respect to sedation, where most parents of children who cooperated ( p= 0.00061). |
Detailed explanations and witnessing children during dental treatment may raise parents’ tolerance level toward aggressive guidance techniques. |
Non-video-based research (Questionnaire, photographs, power point, verbal explanation) |
Peretz et al 2013 6262. Peretz B , Kharouba J , Blumer S . Pattern of parental acceptance of management techniques used in pediatric dentistry . J Clin Pediatr Dent . 2013 ; 38 ( 1 ): 27 - 30 . https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.1.8264110prh577428 https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.38.1.82641...
, Israel |
University and private clinics |
TSD, Mo, PR, VC, APS, Hyp. SE (nitrous oxide and oxygen alone or combined with pharmacological sedation). |
Total unacceptance, dislike, apply only if really needed, acceptance. |
The most accepted technique was PR (81.1%) followed by TSD (76.7%). |
Parents preferred more positive approaches and guidance techniques that involve demonstrations geared for the child’s level of understanding. Restraint and voice control were more strongly rejected than sedation. |
90 |
The least accepted techniques were restraint (1.1%) and VC (7.8%). SE was unacceptable to 15.6%. |
23 M |
|
66 F |
|
2-15 (8.8) |
|
Subramaniam et al 2017 6363. Subramaniam P , Girish Babu KL , Lakhotia D . Evaluation of nitrous oxide-oxygen and triclofos sodium as conscious sedative agents . J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent . 2017 Apr-Jun ; 35 ( 2 ): 156 - 61 . https://doi.org/10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_82_16 https://doi.org/10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_82...
, India |
University |
N2O and SE. |
Good, poor. |
Good parental acceptance was observed for both routes of administration. |
Parental acceptance for both routes was good. |
60 |
The parent acceptance was good in 96.67% in Group N2O and 100% for Group SE. |
05/out |
|
Tsuchihashi et al 2012 6464. Tsuchihashi N , Uehara N , Takagi Y , Miwa Z , Sugimoto K . Internal stress in children and parental attitude to dental treatment with passive restraint . Pediatr Dent J . 2012 ; 22 ( 2 ): 170 - 7 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0917-2394(12)70268-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0917-2394(12)70...
, Japan |
University |
Restraint technique. |
Yes/no/ ambivalent. |
94% of mothers thought that decisions to use restriction were appropriate. |
Parents accepted the necessity of passive restraint for dental treatment. |
50 |
26% mothers feel bad for the child (before) and 13% (after). |
50 F |
|
3-5 (4.3) |
|
Thirunavakarasu et al 2021 7070. Thirunavakarasu R , Sudhan M , Ramakrishnan M . Parental Acceptance Towards Behavioural Management Techniques in Pediatric Dentistry . J Res Med Dent Sci . 2021 ; 9 ( 1 ): 308 - 13 . , India |
Dental College and Hospital |
TSD; VC; PR; HOM; APS; PPS; SE; GA. |
VAS (0-10). |
The most acceptable technique was TSD (mean 9.1), followed by PR (8.9), VC (7.6) and HOM (6.0). The least acceptable were APS (2.7), GA (1.6) and PPS (1.4). |
Parents prefer a management technique which required the dentist to communicate and interact with their child. |
06/dez |
Venkataraghavan et al 2016 6565. Venkataraghavan K , Shah J , Kaur M , Trivedi K , Shah S , Virda M . Pro-activeness of parents in accepting behavior management techniques: a cross-sectional evaluative study . J Clin Diagn Res . 2016 Jul ; 10 ( 7 ): ZC46 - 9 . https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/18378.8162 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/18378....
, India |
University |
TSD; PR; PPA; VC; HOM; APS; N2O; GA. |
Most acceptable/ least acceptable. |
The most preferred technique was TSD followed by PR and least preferred was GA followed by physical restraint. |
Parents preferred positive approaches even in the emergency dental condition. There was a generalized low tolerance level for firm guidance techniques. |
51 |
02/abr |
Special health care needs children
|
Video-based research |
Elango 2009 1515. Elango I . A comparartive evaluation of attitude and acceptibility of various behavior management techniques in parents of normal and special children . Dissertation [Master of Dental Surgery in Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry] – PM Nadagouda Memorial Dental College & Hospital ; Bangalkot ; 2009 . , India |
Dental College and Hospital |
TSD; PR; Mo; VC; HOM; APS; SE; GA; MP; CE. |
VAS (0-100) |
Group B parents were less accepting than Group A for APS, HOM and GA. |
Contingent escape and live modeling were the first ranked technique by both parents. Least accepted technique by both the parental groups was VC and HOM. |
204 |
Group A (non- special) 53 M |
49 F |
Group B (special) 42 M |
60 F |
fev/15 |
Oliveira et al 2007 1616. Oliveira AC , Paiva SM , Pordeus IA . Parental acceptance of restraint methods used for children with intellectual disabilities during dental care . Spec Care Dentist . 2007 Nov-Dec ; 27 ( 6 ): 222 - 6 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.2007.tb01753.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.2007...
, Brazil |
Institutionalized children with intellectual disabilities |
APS; PPS; SE; GA. |
Accept/Do Not Accept |
SE was the most accepted technique with 58.9%, followed by PPS (55.9%), APS (50.7%) and GA with 22.9%. |
The restraint methods most accepted by parents who had children with intellectual disabilities were APS; PPS; SE. The most rejected was GA. |
209 |
0-15 |
|
Non-video-based research (Questionnaire, photographs, power point, verbal explanation) |
Brandes et al 1995 1717. Brandes DA , Wilson S , Preisch JW , Casamassimo PS . A comparison of opinions from parents of disabled and non-disabled children on behavior management techniques used in dentistry . Spec Care Dentist . 1995 May-Jun ; 15 ( 3 ): 119 - 23 . https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995.tb00493.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1995...
, USA |
University |
HOM; GA; PPS; SE. |
VAS (0-100) |
The SE was the most accepted followed by HOM. GA was better accepted than PPS on invasive procedures, but for checking/ cleaning the PPS was better accepted than GA. |
Having a disabled child or receiving a prior rationale for pediatric BGT was not significantly related to differences in acceptance of the techniques for the procedures described. Parents of disabled children tended to be slightly more accepting of techniques overall. |
80 (40 with disabled child and 40 without disable child) |
74 M |
6 F |
NI |
Castro et al 20161 88. Moher D , Shamseer L , Clarke M , Ghersi D , Liberati A , Petticrew M , et al . Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement . Syst Rev . 2015 Jan ; 4 ( 1 ): 1 . https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1 https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1...
, Brazil |
University |
TSD; DIS; PR; NC; N2O; APS; SE; GA. |
Accept; accept with restrictions; do not accept. |
TSD; DIS; NC; PR were considerate totally accepted. 92.8%, 57.1%, 64.2% and 64.2% of parents accepted APS, SE, GA and N2O respectively. |
Communicative guidance and protective stabilization were the methods most readily accepted by parents. |
83 (data of only 14 were used) |
15 M |
68 F |
1-10 (other age ranges were not used) |
Non-video-based research (Questionnaire, photographs, power point, verbal explanation) |
De Castro et al 2013 1919. Castro AM , Oliveira FS , Novaes MSP , Ferreira DCA . Behavior guidance techniques in Pediatric Dentistry: attitudes of parents of children with disabilities and without disabilities . Spec Care Dentist . 2013 Sep-Oct ; 33 ( 5 ): 213 - 7 . https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12022 https://doi.org/10.1111/scd.12022...
, Brazil |
University |
TSD; VC; PR; DIS; N2O, GA, APS by parents; PPS. |
Totally unacceptable, somewhat acceptable, acceptable, totally acceptable. |
Parents of children with disabilities showed a statistically significant difference related to acceptance for a protective stabilization with a restrictive device. For both groups, the GA was the least accepted. |
Children’s parents with and without disabilities accepted behavioral guidance techniques, but basic techniques showed higher rates of acceptance than advanced techniques. |
80 |
80 F |
4-8 (no special needs) |
3-10 (special needs) |
Marshall et al 2008 2020. Marshall J , Sheller B , Mancl L , Williams BJ . Parental attitudes regarding behavior guidance of dental patients with autism . Pediatr Dent . 2008 Sep-Oct ; 30 ( 5 ): 400 - 7 . , USA |
Dental school and private pediatric dental practices |
TSD; VC; PR; NC; DIS; PPA; N2O; SE; GA; APS. |
Yes/No/ Uncertain. |
All the techniques were rated as acceptable by ≥54% of parents. The most acceptable in declining order were PR; TSD; DIS. |
Parents reported highly acceptable ratings except for staff restraint. Stabilization device acceptability was higher among parents of children treated using this technique. |
85 |
66 M |
19 F |
0-19 (9.6) |
Ramos et al 2005 2121. Ramos MM , Carrara CF , Gomide MR . Parental acceptance of behavior management techniques for children with clefts . J Dent Child (Chic) . 2005 May-Aug ; 72 ( 2 ): 74 - 7 . , Brazil |
University |
TSD; VC; APS; HOM. |
Accepts; accepts with modification; does not accept. |
The levels of acceptance of the techniques were 98% (TSD), 96% (VC), 81% (APS), and 85% (HOM). |
There was wide acceptance of the four BGT among caretakers of children with cleft. |
400 |
58 M |
342 F |
04/out |