Title
|
influence of root dentin treatment on the push-out bond strength of fibre-reinforced posts |
Effect of different post space irrigation procedures on the bond strength of a fiber post attached with a self-adhesive resin cement |
Effect of different irrigant activation protocols on push-out bond strength |
Effect of QMix irrigant on bond strength of glass fibre posts to root dentine. |
Effect of post-space treatments on the push-out bond strength and failure modes of glass fibre posts. |
Various irrigation protocols for final rinse to improve bond strengths of fiber posts inside the root canal |
Effect of different surface treatments on the push-out bond strenght of fiber post to root canal dentin |
Does endodontic post space irrigation affect smear layer removal and bonding effectiveness? |
Effect of post-space treatment on retention of fiber posts in different root regions using two self-etching systems. |
Year
|
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2013 |
2009 |
2009 |
2008 |
Journal
|
brazilian Oral Research |
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |
Lasers Med Sci |
International Endodontic Journal |
Australian Endodontic Journal |
European Journal of Oral Sciences |
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology |
European Journal of Oral Sciences |
European Journal of Oral Sciences |
Impact factor
|
0.937 |
1.515 |
2.461 |
2.842 |
0.885 |
1.607 |
1.262 |
1.607 |
1.607 |
Authors
|
moura et al., |
Kul et al., |
Ekim SNA, Erdemir A |
Elnaghy AM. |
Arısu et al., |
Bitter et al., |
Demiryurek et al., |
Gu et al., |
Zhang et al., |
Aim of study
|
to investigate the influence of different root dentin treatment protocols in experimentally weakened roots. |
To compare the effects of different PSI procedures on the bond strength of fiber posts attached with selfadhesive resin cement (SARC). |
To investigate the effects of irrigant activation techniques on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts. |
To investigate the effect of QMix irrigant compared with several other irrigating solutions on the bond strength of glass fibre posts to root dentine and on smear layer removal after post space preparation. |
To evaluate the effects of different post-space treatments on push-out bond strength of glass fibre posts. |
To analyze the effects of five different irrigation protocols (IPs) on the bond strengths of fiber posts luted using three different adhesive strategies. |
To evaluate the effects of different surface treatments on the bond strength of a fiber post to dentin. |
To evaluate smear layer removal, RDIZ, resin tags, and bond strength of the selfetch adhesive bonding to root canal dentin, using different irrigating solutions, and to test whether there is a relationship between smear layer removal and bond strength. |
To evaluate the effect of different postspace treatments on the retention of fiber posts in different root regions when two self-etching systems are used. |
Number of samples
|
42 maxillary canines |
40 premolars |
32 central incisors (n:4) |
90 (n:15) |
40 premolars |
150 incisors (n:5) |
60 maxillary incisors |
66 |
48 premolars |
Storage after extraction
|
0.1% thymol solution |
distilled water |
0.2 % thymol solution |
0.5% chloramine T |
0.5% chloramine T solution |
0.5% chloramine-T solution for at least 1 yr after extraction. |
5,25% NaOCl for 5 min, 0.9% saline solution at room temperature until the use |
0.1% thymol solution |
x |
Root canal preparation
|
reciproc system in an electric motor |
Rotary system -ProTaper NiTi; Dentsply |
ProTaper rotary files - Denstply |
ProTaper rotary system |
Rotary system Protaper F3 |
Rotatory Mtwo, fille Flex master size 60 |
Mannualy shaped with K-files |
Step-back filing to ISSO size 60 |
Manual K type files (Dentsply) and Gates Glidden drills |
Method of post-space
|
heated endodontic pluggers and post drills |
Peeso 1 reamer (Mani Inc), drill 1 of post (DT Light-Post system, Bisco Inc) |
post drills size 1 (White Post DC, FGM drill) |
post drills of the system (Rebilda post; VOCO) |
drill of post system |
100 roots: drill of post 4(Dentsply De Trey); 50 roots: drill of system FRC 3 (Ivoclair Vivadent) |
post drills of the system |
post drills |
Pesso reamer, drill of post system |
Moment (time) of post-space before gfps cementation
|
__ |
after 7 days of storage at 37° C in 100% humidity |
after 1 week of storage at 37° C in 100% humidity |
after 1 week of storage at 37° C in 100% humidity |
after 24 hours of storage at 37° C in 100% humidity |
after 24 hours in water |
after 1 week of storage at 37° C in 100% humidity |
thymol solution for 2 weeks |
in water after 72 h |
Endodontic sealer
|
aH Plus - Dentsply |
AH Plus - Dentsply |
AH Plus - Dentsply |
AHPlus - Dentsply |
AH26 - Dentsply |
AHPlus - Dentsply |
AH Plus - Dentsply |
AH Plus - Dentsply |
AH Plus - Dentsply |
Resin cement
|
half of posts: RelyX U200 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and the other half with Panavia F (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan) |
RelyX U200, 3M ESPE |
Panavia F 2.0 - Kuraray |
Dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement - i CEM; Heraeus Kulzer |
Panavia F 2.0 - Kuraray |
Multicore Flow (Ivoclair); Core X Flow(Dentsply); SmartCem (Dentsply); |
Panavia F - Kuraray |
Panavia F - Kuraray |
dual-cure composite resin cement -Clearfil DC Core Automix; Kuraray |
Method of cleaning after post-space
|
will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
procedure irrigant + 3 mL distilled water |
Will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
Will be the experimental groups |
Groups analyzed
|
group 1: NaOCl: 2.5% NaOCl for 1 min; Group 2: NaOCl + EDTA: 2.5% NaOCl for 20 s, 17% EDTA for 20 and 2.5% NaOCl for 20s; Group 3: NaOCl + EDTA+US: three 20-s irrigation cycles with 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl for 20 s each |
Group 1: 15 ml of distilled water. Group 2: 5ml of 5,25% NaOCl + 5 ml of 17%EDTA + 5ml of distilled water Group 3: 15 ml of 2% chlorhexidine Group 4: 35% phosphoric acid. |
Group 1 (control): 6ml distilled water. Group 2: conventional syringe irrigation with no activation: 2.5 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA. Group 3: 2.5 % NaOCl and 17 % EDTA + activated using passive ultrasonic irrigation. Group 4: 2,5% NaOCl EndoVac apical negative pressure. Group 5: diode laser. Group 6: neodymium:yttrium–aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Group 7: erbium:yttrium–aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser. Group 8: Er:YAG laser using with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS™) technique. |
Group 1: 5 ml sterile distilled water. Group 2: 5 ml of 5.25% NaOCl. Group 3: 5 ml of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Group 4: 5ml of 17% EDTA. Group 5: 5 ml of 17% EDTA followed by 5 ml of 2% CHX. Group: 5ml of QMix. |
Group 1: distilled water for 1 min. Group 2: 5 mL 2.25% NaOCl for 1 min. Group 3: 5mL 2.25% NaOCl for 1 min+ 5mL 17% EDTA for 1 min followed with distilled water for 1 min. Group 4 : 915 nm diode laser. |
Group 1 (control): 5 ml of distilled water for 1min. Group 2: 5ml of 5.25% NaOCl applied with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) for 1 min. Group 3: 5ml of 1 % NaOCl applied with PUI followed with distilled water. Group 4: 18% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl for 1 min followed with distilled water; Group 5: 5ml of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). |
Group 1 (control): 10 ml of 5%NaOCl for 15 s. Group 2: ethyl acetate and acetone- based cleansing agent (Sikko-Tim, VOCO) for 15 s followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl for 15s. Group 3: 17% EDTA for 60s, followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl for 15 s. Group 4: 37% orthophosphoric acid for 15s, followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl for 15s. Group 5: 10% citric acid for 15s, followed by 10 ml of 5% NaOCl for 15s. |
Group 1: irrigated with 14% EDTA for 60 s. Group 2: irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl for 60 s. Group 3: irrigated with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) for 60 s. |
Group 1: 10 ml water irrigation (control). Group 2: etching with 35% phosphoric acid for 30 s. Group 3: irrigation with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Group 4: ultrasonic agitation associated with 17% EDTA and 5.25% NaOCl irrigating solutions. Two subgroups (n = 5) and assigned to either one of the two self-etching systems, namely Clearfil SE Bond or Clearfil DC Bond |
Presence of final activation
|
yes, in a third group. |
None |
Yes. It was used passive ultrasonic irrigation, EndoVac apical negative pressure, and various types of laser |
None |
Yes, in laser group. |
Yes. It was used ultrasonic activation |
None |
None |
Yes. It was used ultrasonic activation on group 4. |
Storage / aging
|
Thermal cycling regimen of 3,600 cycles in water at 5 °C/55 °C with a dwell time of 5 s between baths before the post-space |
100% humidity at 37 C for 24 hours. |
At 37 °C in 100 % humidity for 24 h |
at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 1 week. |
in saline solution in light proof boxes for 1 week at 37°C. |
x |
at 37 °C and 100% humidity for 24 hours. |
deionized water at 37 C for 1 wk |
x |
Methodology of analysis of samples
|
push-out BS test, confocal laser scanning microscopy and microhardness (Knoop) analysis. |
Push-out test at 0.5 mm/min. 1-way ANOVA with the post hoc Tukey honest significant differences test (a=.05). |
Push-out test. Failures were examinaded by a stereomicroscope. |
Micropush-out test. Debonding specimens were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Scanning electron microscopy was also used to examine and score the treated specimens for debris removal and dentinal tubule opening. |
Push-out test. For the fracture analysis, a stereomicroscope was used. Data were statistically analysed with ANOVA (P = 0.05) followed by Tukey test. |
Push-out test, a stereomicroscope determine the failure mode and confocal laser scanning microscopy. |
Push-out bond strenght. Dentine surface were examined under scanning electron microscopy after different surfacce treatments. |
Push-out test analysis. A microscope determine a type of failure. |
Push-out test and dentin surface were examined under SEM after pos-space treatments. |
Stastically results
|
NaOCl + EDTA provided highest BS values than NaOCl (p < 0.0001). Specimens cemented with Panavia presented significantly higher BS than those with RelyX in the three root thirds (p < 0.0001). The highest BS values occurred in the cervical third (p < 0.001). Ultrasound-activated NaOCl + EDTA promoted the greatest reduction in dentin microhardness, followed by NaOCl/EDTA and NaOCl. |
No statistically significant differences were found among the root regions (P=.583) (apical, coronal, middle). The NaOCl+EDTA treatment yielded a significantly higher bond strength than those in the other 3 groups and no significant differences were found in the mean bond strength among the 3 other(P>.05). |
The highest bond strength was observed with the PIPS technique and there were no statistically significant differences among PUI, the Nd:YAG laser, and the Er:YAG laser (p>0.05). When the experimental groups were compared, CSI showed the lowest bond strength values. With the exception of the PIPS group, there were no significant differences among the experimental groups (p>0.05). Total comparisons of bond strength values revealed significant differences between the cervical and apical thirds (p<0.05). |
QMix and 17% EDTA/2% CHX demonstrated the highest mean bond strength values in all root levels amongst the groups. QMix, 17% EDTA and 17% EDTA/2% CHX performed significantly better than the other groups on smear layer removal and dentinal tubule opening. |
A statistically significant difference between Group 3 and Group 2 (P = 0.03). The bond strength values of cervical segments were significantly higher than the middle segments regardless of pretreatment regimens (P < 0.05). The highest bond strength values were obtained from Group 3 and the lowest bond strength values were obtained from Group 2 in both regions. |
Bond strength was significantly affected by the luting material (P < 0.0005) and the IP (P = 0.001). The interaction between material and IP was also significant (P = 0.013). The failure modeswere affected by the material (P < 0.0005) and by the IP (P < 0.0005; chi-square test. |
ANOVA revelead that canal surface treatment affected the bond strenght (P < 0. 001). The highest bond strenght was obtained in the Sikko group. The results also showed that surface treatment methods incresead the bond strenght to dentin when compared with the control group. |
Statistical analyses revealed that EDTA was significantly more effective at removing the smear layer than NaOCl or NaCl at each regional third of the post space (P £ 0.01).The push-out bond strength was significantly affected by the different irrigants. |
Both etching with 35% phosphoric acid, and ultrasonic treatment in combination with EDTA/NaOCl irrigation, significantly improved the apical push-out strength (P < 0.05). The apical push-out strength of the EDTA/NaOCl group was significantly lower than that of the 35% phosphoric acid group and the ultrasound/EDTA/NaOCl group. |
Conclusion
|
dentin treatment with NaOCl + EDTA and cementation with Panavia F was the protocol that promoted the highest bond strength of fiber-reinforced posts in experimentally weakened roots. |
Different irrigation procedures affect fiber post bond strength. The NaOCl+EDTA combination positively affected bond strength; however, no differences were found among the CHX, PA, and DW groups. |
PIPS laser-activated irrigation showed higher efficiency as a final irrigant activation protocol on push-out bond strength of fiber post. |
QMix is an effective irrigant that can remove smear layer, open dentinal tubules and simplify the irrigation protocol, without compromising the bonding strength of glass fibre posts cemented with a self-adhesive resin cement to root dentine. |
The highest bond strength values were obtained from NaOCl/EDTA and the lowest bond strength values were obtained from NaOCl. Bond strength was higher in the cervical root segments than in the middle root segments for all groups. |
Irrigation with 18% EDTA/5.25% NaOCl significantly increased the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement and improved resintag formation compared with the control group. This IP significantly decreased bond strength for the etchand-rinse adhesive system compared with the control, while IP3 (1% NaOCl) significantly enhanced bond strength for the same system. |
Sikko Tim group was the more effective surface treatment agent compared with EDTA, orthophosphoric acid, citric acid, and control groups; however, it could not remove the smear layer and sealer remannants effectively on radicular dentin surfaces. Removal of the smear layer and opening of dentin tubule not recommended when a self-etching/self-priming adhesive system is used. |
EDTA removed the smear layer extremely effectively and, as a result, increased the bond strength. Irrigation with EDTA after post space preparation is therefore a valuable procedure when a self-etching adhesive resin luting system is used for fiber post cementation. |
35% phosphoric acid or ultrasonic agitation associated with EDTA/NaOCl irrigation on the post space improves the retention of fiber posts in the deep region. A solo irrigation with an EDTA/NaOCl solution is not recommended as a post-space treatment when luting a fiber post. |