Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) |
EUA |
1977 |
US federal law to combat transnational corruption by certain US-related persons or entities. The FCPA has two main provisions, accounting provisions and anti-bribery provisions. The first deal with accounting transparency requirements and the second make it illegal to pay bribes to foreign civil servants for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business. |
Transparency International |
Germany |
1993 |
Created by former World Bank director Peter Heigen, the agency promotes anti-corruption actions, publications, rankings and cooperation programs. Since 1995, it has published an annual Corruption Perception Index with country rankings |
GROTIUS Program |
European Union |
1996 |
Promotes international legal cooperation through the training of different categories of justice professionals, and supports initiatives by public institutions or private bodies |
OECD Anti-Corruption Convention |
OECD |
1997 |
Convention on the Fight against the Corruption of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. Encourages the creation of independent national agencies. |
World Bank |
Washington |
1999 |
From the early 2000s on, corruption control has been incorporated into the notion of good governance. The World Bank supports opinion polls on the topic |
The Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) |
European Union (Council) |
1999 |
The objective of is to improve the capacity of its members to fight corruption by monitoring compliance with the Council of Europe’s anti-corruption standards through a dynamic process of mutual evaluation and peer pressure. |
European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) |
European Union (Commission) |
1999 |
Strengthen the scope and effectiveness of the fight against fraud and all other illegal behavior against the financial interests of the European Union. OLAF’s mission is not only to protect the EU’s financial interests, but also to combat fraud, corruption or irregularities within the European institutions whenever they may have financial consequences. |
Judicial Integrity Group |
UN/ UNODC |
2000 |
Association of magistrates and judges that develops rules and policies to strengthen the integrity and capacity of the judiciary. In 2002, the Judicial Integrity Group approved the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, the implementation of which is supported by the UNODC. The Global Judicial Integrity Network was launched in 2018 |
European Partners against Corruption (EPAC) |
European Union |
2001 |
Informal and independent network of over 60 anti-corruption authorities and police oversight bodies from Council of Europe member states. |
UNODC Global Program against Corruption |
UN |
2003 |
As guardian of the 2003 UN Convention against Corruption, UNODC maintains a comprehensive program to assist Member States, especially developing countries, to implement the provisions of the Convention. To this end, it promotes technical assistance directed to both the public and private sectors. |
International Association of Anti-corruption authorities (IAACA) |
Beijing |
2003 |
The main objective of the organization is to promote the effective implementation of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 30, 2003, and to assist anti-corruption authorities worldwide in the fight against corruption. |
Anti-corruption agency network (ANCORAGE-NET) |
Portugal |
2006 |
An anti-corruption agency (ACA) online research network whose primary purpose is to provide comprehensive and easily accessible information on the format, operation and activities of such bodies to practitioners and analysts in the field of corruption control. |
European contact-point network against corruption EACN |
European Union |
2008 |
Formal cooperation network comprising around 50 anti-corruption authorities from EU Member States. The European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) is also a member. The EACN was formally established by a European Council decision in 2008, building on the existing structures of the European Anti-Corruption Partners (EPAC). |
Anti-corruption Working Group (ACWG) |
G20 |
2010 |
It provides for bi-annual action plans related to the implementation of anti-corruption cooperation and transparency programs. |
International Anti-Corruption Academy IACA |
UN/UNDOC, OLAF, Austria |
2011 |
The organization was established on the basis of a multilateral treaty – the Agreement on Establishing the International Anti-Corruption Academy as an International Organization. It is focused on anti-corruption training. It offers a master’s degree on this subject at its headquarters in Vienna |
Clean Gov Biz |
OECD |
2011 |
CleanGovBiz is an initiative of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that focuses on public administration, state institutions and governments. It assists and guides the design or reform of instruments to combat corruption. |