Crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos de lichia cv. Brewster

Vieira, Gerival; Finger, Fernando Luiz; Agnes, Ernani Luiz

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051996000200018

Resumos

Acompanhou-se o crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos de lichia (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster, em Viçosa (MG). Da abertura das panículas até cerca de 45 dias após o florescimento (DAF), 95% da matéria fresca total dos frutos correspondeu à soma das massas da semente e da casca. A matéria fresca dos frutos aumentou exponencialmente entre 45 e 80 DAF; observaram-se, porém, incrementos menores de matéria até o final do desenvolvimento, aos 104 DAF. Próximo ao final do ciclo de desenvolvimento do fruto, atribuiu-se 60% da matéria fresca total ao arilo, enquanto 14 e 26% corresponderam à semente e à casca respectivamente. Os frutos apresentaram maior conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais aos 77 DAF. A acidez total foi reduzida de 6,0%, aos 45 DAF, para 0,6%, aos 89 DAF. Obtiveram-se frutos vermelhos maduros aos 89 DAF. Frutos colhidos aos 104 DAF apresentaram casca marrom-escura.

crescimento do fruto; Litchi chinensis Sonn.; sólidos solúveis; acidez

Fruit growth and development of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster, were observed during growing season in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From panicle flowering to about 45 days after flowering (DAF), 95% of fruit fresh weight was due to the seed and skin. Fruit weight increased exponentially from 45 to approximately 80 DAF, but lower increases were observed until 104 DAF. At a later stage of drupe development, the aril accounted for 60% of fruit fresh weight, while 14% consisted of seed and 26% skin. Soluble solids reached maximum value at about 77 DAF, becoming somewhat stable afterwards. Acidity, on the other hand, dropped from 6.0% at 45 DAF to 0.6% at 89 DAF onwards. Mature red fruits were present 89 DAF from panicle flowering, but after 104 DAF fruit skin became brown.

fruit growth; Litchi chinensis Sonn.; soluble solids; acidity

V. FITOTECNIA

Growth and development of litchi fruit cv. Brewster

Crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos de lichia cv. Brewster

Gerival Vieira; Fernando Luiz Finger; Ernani Luiz Agnes

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa (MG), Brasil

ABSTRACT

Fruit growth and development of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster, were observed during growing season in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. From panicle flowering to about 45 days after flowering (DAF), 95% of fruit fresh weight was due to the seed and skin. Fruit weight increased exponentially from 45 to approximately 80 DAF, but lower increases were observed until 104 DAF. At a later stage of drupe development, the aril accounted for 60% of fruit fresh weight, while 14% consisted of seed and 26% skin. Soluble solids reached maximum value at about 77 DAF, becoming somewhat stable afterwards. Acidity, on the other hand, dropped from 6.0% at 45 DAF to 0.6% at 89 DAF onwards. Mature red fruits were present 89 DAF from panicle flowering, but after 104 DAF fruit skin became brown.

Index terms: fruit growth, Litchi chinensis Sonn., soluble solids, acidity.

RESUMO

Acompanhou-se o crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos de lichia (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Brewster, em Viçosa (MG). Da abertura das panículas até cerca de 45 dias após o florescimento (DAF), 95% da matéria fresca total dos frutos correspondeu à soma das massas da semente e da casca. A matéria fresca dos frutos aumentou exponencialmente entre 45 e 80 DAF; observaram-se, porém, incrementos menores de matéria até o final do desenvolvimento, aos 104 DAF. Próximo ao final do ciclo de desenvolvimento do fruto, atribuiu-se 60% da matéria fresca total ao arilo, enquanto 14 e 26% corresponderam à semente e à casca respectivamente. Os frutos apresentaram maior conteúdo de sólidos solúveis totais aos 77 DAF. A acidez total foi reduzida de 6,0%, aos 45 DAF, para 0,6%, aos 89 DAF. Obtiveram-se frutos vermelhos maduros aos 89 DAF. Frutos colhidos aos 104 DAF apresentaram casca marrom-escura.

Termos de indexação: crescimento do fruto, Litchi chinensis Sonn., sólidos solúveis, acidez.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Received for publication in December 18^th 1995 and approved in May 6^th 1996.

COSTES, E. Le litchi à la Reunion. Etude des caractéristiques des fruits de la récolte 1985. Fruits, Montpellier, 42:443-452, 1987.
GAUR, G.S. & BAIPAI, P.N. Maturity standards for litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Calcuttia. Progressive Horticulture, Kanpur, 9:11-17, 1977.
HUANG, H. & QIU, Y. Growth correlations and assimilate partitioning in the arillate fruit of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, East Melbourne, 14:181-182, 1987.
HUANG, H. & XU, J. The developmental patterns of fruit tissues and their correlative relationships in Litchi chinensis Sonn. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, 19:335-342, 1983.
LEE, H.S. & WICKER, L. Quantitative changes in antho-cyanin pigments of lychee fruit during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, Kidlington, 40:263-270, 1991.
MARTINEZ, M. Lichia, a rainha das frutas. Manchete Rural, Rio de Janeiro, 58:4-7, 1992.
PAULL, R.E. & CHEN, N.J. Effect of storage temperature and wrapping on quality characteristics of litchi fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, 33:223-236, 1987.
PAULL, R.E.; CHEN, N.J.; DEPUTY, J.; HUANG, H.; CHENG, G. & GAO, F. Litchi growth and compositional changes during fruit development. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 109:817-882, 1984.
SINGH, A.; ABIDI, A.B. & SRIVASTAVA, S. Variation in quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars. Journal of Food Science and Technology, Mysore, 24:264-266, 1987.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
17 Out 2007
Data do Fascículo
1996

Histórico

Recebido
18 Dez 1995
Aceito
06 Maio 1996

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] COSTES, E. Le litchi à la Reunion. Etude des caractéristiques des fruits de la récolte 1985. Fruits, Montpellier, 42:443-452, 1987.

[2] GAUR, G.S. & BAIPAI, P.N. Maturity standards for litchi fruit (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cv. Calcuttia. Progressive Horticulture, Kanpur, 9:11-17, 1977.

[3] HUANG, H. & QIU, Y. Growth correlations and assimilate partitioning in the arillate fruit of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, East Melbourne, 14:181-182, 1987.

[4] HUANG, H. & XU, J. The developmental patterns of fruit tissues and their correlative relationships in Litchi chinensis Sonn. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, 19:335-342, 1983.

[5] LEE, H.S. & WICKER, L. Quantitative changes in antho-cyanin pigments of lychee fruit during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, Kidlington, 40:263-270, 1991.

[6] MARTINEZ, M. Lichia, a rainha das frutas. Manchete Rural, Rio de Janeiro, 58:4-7, 1992.

[7] PAULL, R.E. & CHEN, N.J. Effect of storage temperature and wrapping on quality characteristics of litchi fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, 33:223-236, 1987.

[8] PAULL, R.E.; CHEN, N.J.; DEPUTY, J.; HUANG, H.; CHENG, G. & GAO, F. Litchi growth and compositional changes during fruit development. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 109:817-882, 1984.

[9] SINGH, A.; ABIDI, A.B. & SRIVASTAVA, S. Variation in quality of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars. Journal of Food Science and Technology, Mysore, 24:264-266, 1987.