Field trials with cotton cultivar IAC-20 were conducted during four years on an acid distrophic Dusky Red Latosol from Guaíra, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiments and the treatments were randomized complete blocks with split-plots, with 0.6, 1.8 and 3.0 t/ha of limestone in the plots and 0, 2, 4 and 6 t/ha of phosphogypsum in the subplots incorporated in the soil in the first year and reapplied after two years. The results of successive soil analysis indicated that the action of limestone was more evident in the plow layer, whereas gypsum was more effective in the subsoil at a 40-60 cm depth, due to leaching of bases through the soil profile promoted by sulphate ion. The increase of leaf contents of S, Ca and Mg promoted by the phosphogypsum was considered also good as a evidence of enhanced root development in the subsoil of these treatments. The residual effect of both limestone and gypsum was low after the first application, but considerably higher after reapplication, especially for limestone. Along the time, the use of gypsum caused a decrease of Mg and especially K leaf contents.
limestone; gypsum; cotton yield; soil and foliar analyses
