Fitotoxicidade de três antibióticos na cultura in vitro de abacateiro

Biasi, Luiz Antonio

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051995000200003

Resumos

Desenvolveram-se dois experimentos para verificar o efeito do ácido nalidíxico, do cloranfenicol e da estreptomicina sobre a cultura in vitro do abacateiro 'Ouro Verde'. No primeiro, testou-se a influência de diversas concentrações (0, 12,5, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg/L) desses antibióticos sobre a calogênese de discos foliares e, no segundo, o efeito sobre a brotação de gemas de segmentos nodais. Enquanto a formação de calos foi reduzida à metade com o uso de 50 mg/L de cloranfenicol, sua massa foi drasticamente reduzida já na concentração de 12,5 mg/L. Restringiu-se o comprimento das brotações, adicionando os antibióticos ao meio de cultura, concluindo-se que os três foram tóxicos para o abacateiro, sendo recomendados apenas em casos de extrema necessidade, dependendo da suscetibilidade do microorganismo contaminante e da concentração necessária para seu controle.

antibióticos; abacateiro; Persea americana; fitotoxicidade; micropropagação

Two experiments were carried out in order to verify the toxicity of nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and streptomycin to avocado 'Ouro Verde' in vitro culture. In the first experiment, it was tested the effect of the antibiotics to callus initiation on leave explants, using a concentration range of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. In the second experiment, sprouting from nodal segments were tested. The callus formation was reduced by 50% with 50 mg/L of chloramphenicol and the highest reduction in callus weight was observed with 12.5 mg/L. The length of sprouts was reduced by incorporating antibiotics into plant growth medium. Results showed that the three antibiotics were toxic to avocado, and they must be used only in real necessity cases, depending on the bacterial susceptibility and the adequate concentration to control the contaminants.

antibiotics; avocado; Persea americana; phytotoxicity; micropropagation

NOTA

Luiz Antonio Biasi^{I, II}

^IDepartamento de Horticultura, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP. Caixa Postal 9, 13400-970 Piracicaba (SP)

^IICom bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq

RESUMO

Desenvolveram-se dois experimentos para verificar o efeito do ácido nalidíxico, do cloranfenicol e da estreptomicina sobre a cultura in vitro do abacateiro 'Ouro Verde'. No primeiro, testou-se a influência de diversas concentrações (0, 12,5, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg/L) desses antibióticos sobre a calogênese de discos foliares e, no segundo, o efeito sobre a brotação de gemas de segmentos nodais. Enquanto a formação de calos foi reduzida à metade com o uso de 50 mg/L de cloranfenicol, sua massa foi drasticamente reduzida já na concentração de 12,5 mg/L. Restringiu-se o comprimento das brotações, adicionando os antibióticos ao meio de cultura, concluindo-se que os três foram tóxicos para o abacateiro, sendo recomendados apenas em casos de extrema necessidade, dependendo da suscetibilidade do microorganismo contaminante e da concentração necessária para seu controle.

Termos de indexação: antibióticos, abacateiro, Persea americana, fitotoxicidade, micropropagação.

ABSTRACT

Two experiments were carried out in order to verify the toxicity of nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol and streptomycin to avocado 'Ouro Verde' in vitro culture. In the first experiment, it was tested the effect of the antibiotics to callus initiation on leave explants, using a concentration range of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L. In the second experiment, sprouting from nodal segments were tested. The callus formation was reduced by 50% with 50 mg/L of chloramphenicol and the highest reduction in callus weight was observed with 12.5 mg/L. The length of sprouts was reduced by incorporating antibiotics into plant growth medium. Results showed that the three antibiotics were toxic to avocado, and they must be used only in real necessity cases, depending on the bacterial susceptibility and the adequate concentration to control the contaminants.

Index terms: antibiotics, avocado, Persea americana, phytotoxicity, micropropagation.

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Recebido para publicação em 14 de dezembro de 1994 e aceito em 11 de abril de 1995

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