The new cultivars Maracaí (IAC 17) and Xavantes (IAC 18) were selected in the wheat breeding program conducted at Instituto Agronômico. They were studied in the main wheat area of the State of São Paulo, compared with the commercial cultivars BH-1146 and IAC 5, in relation to yield, reactions to stem and leaf rusts and to bread quality. The results showed that the cultivar Xavantes yielded 10% and 14% more than BH-1146 and IAC 5, respectively during the period of 1976 to 1980. The cultivar Maracaí did not differ in yield from the checks during the same period. The new cultivars evaluated to stem rust presented a low degree of yield infection in relation to BH-1146. The cultivars Maracaí and Xavantes as well as the check were moderately susceptible to leaf rust. The bread quality trials indicated that there were very few differences between Xavantes and Maracaí. Xavantes was a little superior in some characteristics to Maracaí. Both cultivars presented low bread quality when compared with the Mexican wheat cultivar Tobari-66 used as control. It was possible to indicate Xavantes and Maracaí to be planted commercially in the State of São Paulo based on the results presented in this paper.