Yield related key traits in the selection of super sweetcorn hybrids

Zaluski, Welton Luiz; Faria, Marcos Ventura; Rosa, Jocimar Costa; Uhdre, Renan Santos; Sagae, Vitor Seiti; Chiquito, Nathany Ribeiro; Gava, Emanuel; Paiva, Elida Auxiliadora Peralta; Silva, Paulo Roberto da

doi:10.1590/1678-4499.20200484

person Welton Luiz Zaluski

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0002-4497-4160

person Marcos Ventura Faria

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0001-8077-4708

person Jocimar Costa Rosa *

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Maringá – Genética e Melhoramento – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

0000-0002-3482-1283

person Renan Santos Uhdre

schoolUniversidade Estadual de Maringá – Genética e Melhoramento – Maringá (PR), Brazil.

0000-0003-2060-0241

person Vitor Seiti Sagae

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0001-5619-7576

person Nathany Ribeiro Chiquito

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0003-0429-9866

person Emanuel Gava

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0002-4902-6733

person Elida Auxiliadora Peralta Paiva

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0003-3875-5559

person Paulo Roberto da Silva

schoolUniversidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste – Agronomia – Guarapuava (PR), Brazil.

0000-0003-3190-1461

Section Editor: Carlos Alberto Scapim

person*Corresponding author:
joce_jcosta@hotmail.com

groupsAUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTION

Conceptualization: Faria M. V., Zaluski W. L., Rosa J. C. and Silva P. R.; Methodology: Faria M. V., Rosa J. C. Uhdre R. S and Zaluski W. L.; Formal Analysis: Rosa J. C. and Uhdre R. S ; Investigation: Zaluski W. L., Rosa J. C., Sagae V. S., Chuiquito N. R. Gava E. and Paiva E. A. P. P.; Writing – Original Draft: Rosa J. C. and Uhdre R. S; Writing – Review and Editing: Rosa J. C.; Faria M. V.; Resources: Faria M. V.

Figures (5)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1 Dendrogram of the hierarchic analysis based on the Mahalanobis generalizated distance, which, by its turn, is based on five morphological traits clustered by the UPGMA method among 64 super sweet corn experimental hybrids. The cut-off line was established according to Mojena (1977).

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Figure 2 Biplot of the analysis of canonical variables indicating the closest and the most distant groups from the 64 experimental super sweet corn hybrids, clustered by the Tocher method.

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Figure 3 Biplot from the factor analysis of traits related to the selection of experimental super sweet corn hybrids. MF = male flowering; PH = plant height; EH = ear height; GL = grain length; GW = grain width; EL = ear length; ED = ear diameter; YDE = yield of dehusked ears; NCE = number of commercial ears; GY = grain yield; SS = content of soluble solids; DM = dry matter.

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Figure 4 Biplot of the canonical correspondence analysis showing the relationship among 64 experimental sweet corn hybrids and the main traits for the determination of promising hybrids. MF = male flowering; PH = plant height; EH = ear height; GL = grain length; GW = grain width; EL = ear length; ED = ear diameter; YDE = yield of dehusked ears; NCE = number of commercial ears; GY = grain yield; SS = content of soluble solids; DM = dry matter.

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Figure 5 Means of 64 experimental sweet corn hybrids and the checks for YDE = yield of dehusked ears; NCE = number of commercial ears; GY = grain yield. Genotypes on the same range bounded by the dotted lines do not differ by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability.

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Table 1 Diagnosis of multicolinearity for traits of 64 super sweet corn hybrids evaluated in Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, in 2017.

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Table 2 Factors and their factorial loadings after the rotation of the factorial axis by the Varimax method for studied traits related to the selection of experimental super sweet corn hybrids and the main variables in order to determining promising genotypes.

Variation inflation factor (VIF)		Condition index (CI)
Diagonal	Element of inverse	Order	Eigen values
1	2.0862	1	4.2060
2	5.1949	2	1.9968
3	4.3510	3	1.4225
4	2.0413	4	1.1860
5	1.3005	5	1.0486
6	3.0172	6	0.6263
7	2.8326	7	0.5315
8	8.8619	8	0.3636
9	2.2718	9	0.2514
10	2.7559	10	0.2182
11	6.4127	11	0.1017
12	1.8023	12	0.0474
Number of VIF’s ≥ abs 10	0	CI (max/min)	88.6476

Variables	Factor score coefficients		Factors loading after rotation		Communality
Variables	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 1	Factor 2	Communality
MF	–0.1575	–0.7145	0.3292	–0.6534	0.5353
PH	0.5705	0.5884	0.0707	0.8165	0.6717
EH	0.5831	0.4658	0.1579	0.7294	0.5569
GL	0.5430	–0.2676	0.5900	0.1356	0.3665
GW	0.2231	–0.3646	0.4033	-0.1418	0.1828
EL	0.4365	0.4024	0.0842	0.5877	0.3524
ED	0.6727	0.2210	0.3820	0.5962	0.5014
YDE	0.8558	–0.0115	0.8707	0.2316	0.8325
NCE	0.8679	–0.1100	0.8873	0.3366	0.8582
GY	0.8928	–0.1251	0.8506	0.3695	0.8601
SS	0.5758	–0.3929	0.6946	0.0590	0.4859
DM	0.5384	–0.5274	0.7505	-0.0689	0.5680

[1] MF = male flowering; PH = plant height; EH = ear height; GL = grain length; GW = grain width; EL = ear length; ED =ear diameter; YDE = yield of dehusked ears; NCE = number of commercial ears; GY = grain yield; SS = content of soluble solids; DM = dry matter.