Modificaçoes bioquímicas e físicas em grãos de feijão durante o armazenamento

Biochemical and physical modifications of bean seeds during storage

ARTIGOS

Modificaçoes bioquímicas e físicas em grãos de feijão durante o armazenamento

Biochemical and physical modifications of bean seeds during storage

Haiko Enok SawazakiI, ^* ; João Paulo Feijão TeixeiraI, ^*; Roberto Machado de Moraes^I; Eduardo Antônio BulisaniII, ^*

^ISeção de Fitoquímica, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Caixa Postal 28, 13100 - Campinas (SP)

IISeção de Leguminosas, IAC

RESUMO

Procurou-se estudar parâmetros químicos e físicos que pudessem avaliar, em três épocas, a qualidade de grãos de feijão durante onze meses de armazenamento, utilizando os cultivares Carioca e Rico 23. Eletroforese das frações globulinas em gel de poliacrilamida com sulfato dodecil sódico (SDS), indicou um aumento no final do número de bandas, porém o fato poderia ser conseqüência de uma maior concentração protéica da amostra, sendo praticamente mantidos durante o estudo os pesos moleculares das subunidades polipeptídicas principais das proteínas G₁ e G₂, de cerca de 50.000-43.000 e 18.000 respectivamente. As porcentagens de proteína, umidade e açúcar solúvel não sofreram alterações sensíveis, enquanto a de lipídio diminuiu e a de fibra aumentou. O teor de amido também aumentou, provavelmente em vista da maior extratibilidade. O índice de peróxido e o teor de ácidos graxos livres aumentaram, sendo comprovada, por este último, a elevação do índice de acidez. A capacidade de hidratação aumentou inicialmente, permanecendo depois constante, e a porcentagem de sementes com tegumento duro não pareceu sofrer alteração. O comportamento dos dois cultivares foi semelhante.

Termos de indexação: feijão: modificações bioquímicas durante armazenamento; eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida da fração globulina.

SUMMARY

Seeds of dry beans cvs Rico 23 and Carioca, were chemical and physically characterized three times during eleven months of storage. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with SDS of the globulin fraction showed an increase in the number of bands at the third sampling, probably due to a more efficient protein extraction. However, molecular weight of the G₁ and G₂ subunits were constant, about 50,000 -43,000 and 18,000, respectively. Total protein, soluble sugars and water contents did not change during storage, while fiber increased and lipids decreased. Starch content, as in case of globulin fraction, also increased due to greater extractability. Both free fatty acids content and peroxide value increased, according to the increase of the acidity value. Water absorption capability increased initially and leveled off thereafter. The percentage of seeds with hard coat was not affected by storage. The behaviour of the two cultivars was very similar.

Index terms: beans; biochemical modifications of beans seeds during storage; electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel of the globulin fraction.

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Recebido para publicação em 4 de junho de 1984.

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*

Com bolsa de suplementação do CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  17 Dez 2007
• Data do Fascículo
  1985

Histórico

• Recebido
  04 Jun 1984