Phenols, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in the resistance of coffee to Meloidogyne incognita

Abstracts

Seedlings of two coffee cultivars were inoculated with the nematode Meloidogyne incognita: cv. Mundo Novo (susceptible) of Coffea arabica and cv. Apoatã (resistant) of C. canephora. During the larval penetration and adult female phases of the parasite, evaluations were made on phenol content, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. In the two evaluations, no differences were observed in roots and shoots growth among inoculated and non inoculated seedling. For both cultivars, only in the first phase infected seedlings showed an increase in phenols as compared to their counterparts not inoculated. However, phenol values were higher in the second than in the first phase. The cv. Mundo Novo had always higher phenols content than Apoatã. Only inoculated seedlings of the cv. Mundo Novo showed an increase of peroxidase activities in the first phase; but, both cultivars presented higher peroxidase activities in the second phase as compared to the first. Apoatã seedlings had always higher peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities than Mundo Novo. Infected seedlings of the cv. Apoatã showed in the first phase, only, an increase in polyphenoloxidase activity. Thin-layer chromatograms of phenolic extracts did not present any difference among inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings. Twenty three spots on the chromatograms were common to both cultivars, except that Apoatã had a further nine spots not found in Mundo Novo and the later had a further eleven not found in the former.

Coffee; nematodes; phenols; enzymes

Plântulas dos cultivares Mundo Novo, de Coffea arabica, suscetível, e Apoatã, de Coffea canephora, resistente, foram inoculadas com ovos de Meloidogyne incognita raça 2, e avaliadas em duas fases do ciclo de desenvolvimento do parasito, isto é, na de penetração de larvas e na de fêmeas com ovos. Não foram observadas diferenças quanto ao desenvolvimento radicular e da parte aérea entre plântulas inoculadas e não inoculadas, nas duas avaliações. Nos dois cultivares, houve aumento no teor de fenóis nas plântulas inoculadas na primeira avaliação, e, na segunda, apesar de os valores terem sido maiores, foram iguais entre plântulas inoculadas e seus respectivos controles. O 'Mundo Novo' apresentou sempre maior conteúdo de fenóis que o 'Apoatã' e somente houve aumento na sua atividade de peroxidase na primeira avaliação. Na segunda, a atividade dessa enzima foi maior do que na primeira, porém igual entre plântulas inoculadas e seus controles. O 'Apoatã' sempre teve maior atividade de peroxidase, e apenas houve aumento da atividade de sua polifenoloxidase na primeira avaliação, sendo que nesse cultivar a atividade dessa enzima sempre foi maior do que no 'Mundo Novo'. Cromatografias em camada delgada de celulose mostraram que em nenhum deles houve variações quantitativas de fenóis entre as plantas inoculadas e não inoculadas. Ambos, 'Mundo Novo' e 'Apoatã', apresentaram 23 compostos fenólicos em comum e, nove e onze não comuns respectivamente.

cafeeiro; nematóides; fenóis; enzimas

HOMAGE

Oswaldo Paulo Forattini

1924-2007

On September 15, 2007, in São Paulo, Brazil lost one of its most prominent scientists in the fields of Public Health, Epidemiology and Medical Entomology, Professor Oswaldo Paulo Forattini, at the age of 83 years.

• BARTON, G.M.; EVANS, R.S. & GARNER, J.A.F. Paper chromatography of phenolic substance. Nature, 170:249-250, 1952.
• BRUESKEN, C.H. & DROPKIN, V.H. Free phenols and root necrosis in Nematex tomato infected with the root-knot nematode. Phytopathology, 63:329-334, 1973.
• BUTT, V.S. Direct oxidases and related enzymes. In: DAVES, D.D., ed. The Biochemistry of plants: metabolism and respiration. New York, Academic Press, 1980. v.2, p.81-123.
• ^__________& LAMB, C.J. Oxygenase and the metabolism of plant products. In: CONN, E.E., ed. The Biochemistry of plants: secondary products. New York, Academic Press, 1980. v.7, p.627-665.
• DRAETTA, I.S. & LIMA, D.C. Isolamento e caracterização das polifenoloxidases do café. Coletânea do Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, 7:13-28, 1976.
• DROPKIN, V.H. The necrotic reaction of tomatoes and other hosts resistant to Meloidogyne: reversal by temperatu re. Phytopathology, 59:1632-1637, 1969.
• FAZUOLI, L.C.; LIMA, M.M.A.; GONÇALVES, W. & COSTA, W.M. Melhoramento do cafeeiro visando resistência a nematóide. Utilização de porta-enxertos resistentes. In: CONGRESSO PAULISTA DE AGRONOMIA, 6., Piracicaba, 1987. Anais, p.171-180.
• FRIEND, J. & THORNTON, J.D. Caffeic-O-methyl transferase, phenolase and peroxidase in potato tubes tissue inoculated with, Phytophtora infestans. Phytopathologische, 81:56-84, 1974.
• GANGULY, A.K. & DASGUPTA, D.R. Sequential development of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and IAA-oxidase activities in relation to resistance and susceptible responses in tomatoes to the root-knot nematode, M. incognita. Indian Journal of Hematology, 9:143-151, 1979.
• GIEBEL, J. Mechanism of resistance to plant nematodes. Annual Review Phytopathology, 20:257-279, 1982.
• ^__________; KRENZ, J. & WILSKI, A. Localization of some enzymes in roots of susceptible and resistant potatoes infected with Heterodera rostochiensis. Nematologica, 17:29-33, 1971.
• GRIPPO, P.; IACCARINO, M.; ROSSI, M. & SCARANO, E. Thin-layer chromatography of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleic acid base s. Biochimica Biophysica Acta, 95:1-7, 1965.
• HARBORNE, J.B. Phytochemical methods: a guide of plant analysis. London, Chapman and Hall, 1973. 278p.
• HOAGLAND, D.K. & ARNON, D.I. The water-culture methods for growing plants without soil. Berkeley, Cal., Calif. Agric. Expt. Stn. Ext. Serv., 1950. 32p. (Circular, 347)
• HUANG, J.S. Mechanisms of resistance to root-knot nematodes. In: SASSER, J.N. & CARTER, C.C., eds. Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne: biology and control. North Carolina State Univ. and Unit. St. Agency Int. Develop., 1985. v.1, p.143-153.
• IBRAHIM, R.K. & TOWERS, G.H.N. The identification, by chromatography, of plant phenolic acids. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 87:125-128, 1960.
• JAHEN, A. Efeito da temperatura na biologia de três raças de Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida - Meloidogynidae) em cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L) e estimativa do número de gerações para o Estado de São Paulo. Piracicaba, ESALQ, USP, 1989. 101p. Tese (Doutorado),
• KAR, M. & MISHRA, D. Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescense. Plant Physiobgy, 57:315-319, 1976.
• KOSUGE, T. The role of phenolics in-host response infection. Annual Review Phytopathology, 7:195-222, 1969.
• MAYER, A.M. & HAREL, E. Polyphenoloxidases in plants. Phytochemistry, 18:193-215, 1979.
• OLIVEIRA, J.C. Relação da atividade enzimática de polifenoloxidase, peroxidase e catalase dos grãos de café e a qualidade de bebida. Piracicaba, ESALQ, USP, 1972. 80p. Tese (Mestrado).
• RIBEREAU-GAYON, P. Plant phenolics. Edimburg, Oliver and Boyd, 1972. 254p.
• SEIKEL, M.K. Chromatography methods of separation, isolation and identification of flavonoids compounds. In: GEISSMAN, T.A., e d. Chemistry of flavonoid compounds. New York, The Macmillan, 1962. p.34-69.
• SWAIN, T. & HILLIS, W.E. The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica. I. The quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. Journal of the Science and Food Agriculture, 10:63-68, 1959.
• TAYLOR, A.L. & SASSER, J.N. Biology, identification and control of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne species). Raleigh, N.C., Coop. Publ. Dep. Plant Pathol., North Carolina State Univ. and U.S. Agency Int. Dev., 1978. 111 p.
• VANCE, C.P. & SHERWOOD, R.T. Lignified papilla formation as a mechanism for protection in Reed Canarygrass. Physiological Plant Pathology, 10:247-256, 1977.
• ZACHEO, G.; BLEVE-ZACHEO, T. & LAMBERT, F. Role of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in resistant and suscetible tomato cultivars infected by Meloidogyne incognita. Nematologia Mediterranea Ban, 10:75-80, 1982.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  29 Nov 2007
• Date of issue
  1989

History

• Accepted
  01 Aug 1989
• Received
  29 May 1989