Evans et al.1212 Evans MC, Bazargan M, Cobb S, Assari S. Mental and physical health correlates of financial difficulties among African-American older adults in low-income areas of Los Angeles. Front Public Health. 2020;8:21.
|
Cross-sectional |
Resources for basic necessities |
Chronic pain |
Specific survey |
McGill Pain Questionnaire |
Financial difficulties were associated with chronic pain (r=0.29** p=0,000) |
Evans et al.1313 Evans MC, Bazargan M, Cobb S, Assari S. Pain intensity among community-dwelling African American older adults in an economically disadvantaged area of Los Angeles: social, behavioral, and health determinants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(20):3894.
|
Cross-sectional |
Resources for basic necessities |
Pain intensity |
Specific survey |
McGill Pain Questionnaire |
Financial difficulties were correlated with pain intensity. Individuals with higher financial difficulties reported more pain intensity (p<.01). |
Warth et al.33 Warth J, Puth MR, Tillmann J, Porz J, Zier U, Weckbecker K, Muster E. Over-indebtedness and its association with pain and pain medication use. Prev Med Rep 2019; 16: 100987.
|
Comparative cross-sectional |
Over-indebtedness |
Several pain criteria |
Debt advisory centres |
OID-survey DEGS1 |
Over-indebtedness significantly increased the odds of pain after adjustment (aOR 1.30; 95%-CI1.07-1.59).The over-indebted were significantly less likely to use pain drug compared to the general population after adjustment (aOR 0.76; 95%-CI0.58-0.99). |
Malhotra et al.1414 Malhotra C, Harding R, Teo I, Ozdemir S, Hoh GCH, Neo P, et al. Financial difficulties are associated with greater total pain and suffering among patients with advanced cancer: results from the COMPASS study. Support Care Cancer. 2019;12 [Epub ahead of print].
|
Cross-sectional |
Resources for daily expenses |
Pain interference in daily activities |
Americans Resources and Services questionnaire |
Brief Pain Inventory |
A higher financial difficulties score was associated with worse physical outcome (i.e. greater total pain and suffering) (p<0.05). |
Batistaki et al.55 Batistaki C, Mavrocordatos P, Smyrnioti ME, Lyrakos G, Kitsou MC, Stamatiou G, et al. Patients' perceptions of chronic pain during the economic crisis: lessons learned from Greece. Pain Physician 2018;21(5):E533-43.
|
Prospective cross-sectional |
Self-perception of the crisis intensity |
Pain intensity |
Specific survey |
Numeric Scale |
Most patients (97.5%) believed that the intensity of their pain would have been improved if their financial status had been better. |
Sekiguchi et al.1515 Sekiguchi T, Hagiwara Y, Sugawara Y, Tomata Y, Tanj F, Watanabe T, et al. Influence of subjective economic hardship on new onset of neck pain (so-called: katakori) in the chronic phase of the Great East Japan Earthquake: A prospective cohort study. J Orthop Sci. 2018;23(5):758-64.
|
Cohort |
Financial difficulty self-perception |
New-onset neck pain |
Survey of Living Conditions |
Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions |
A significantly higher rate of new-onset neck pain was observed in participants who considered their subjective economic hardship to be "hard" (OR 1⁄4 2.10, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.34-3.30) or "very hard" (OR 1⁄4 3.26, 95% CI 1⁄4 1.83-5.46; p<0.001) compared to those who considered their hardship to be "normal". |
Lathan et al.1616 Lathan CS, Cronin A, Tucker-Seeley R, Zafar SY, Ayanian JZ, Schrag D. Association of financial strain with symptom burden and quality of life for patients with lung or colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(15):1732-40.
|
Retrospective cross-sectional |
Financial reserves in months |
Pain severity |
Quality of Life Questionnaire |
Brief Pain Inventory |
Compared to patients with more than 12 months of financial reserves, those with limited financial reserves reported significantly increased pain (adjusted mean difference, 5.03 [95% CI, 3.29 to 7.22] and 3.45 [95% CI, 1.25 to 5.66]) |
Rios and Zautra1717 Rios R, Zautra AJ. Socioeconomic disparities in pain: the role of economic hardship and daily financial worry. Health Psychol. 2011;30(1):58-66.
|
Prospective cross-sectional |
Ability to afford basic needs |
Daily pain intensity |
Specific survey |
Numeric Scale |
The interaction between daily financial worry and economic hardship was significant. This effect was statistically significant after controlling for the influence of level 2 control variables (economic hardship, age, neuroticism, diagnostic group and working status). (β = .47, SE .23, p .04). |
Ochsmann et al.1818 Ochsmann EB, Rueger H, Letzel S, Drexler H, Muenster E. Over-indebtedness and its association with the prevalence of back pain. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:451.
|
Cross-sectional |
Over-indebtedness |
Presence of back pain |
Debt counseling agencies |
OID-survey |
Being overindebted was identified as an independent effect modifier and was associated with higher odds of suffering from back pain (aOR:10.92, 95%CI: 8.96 - 13.46). |