Association between psychosocial factors in workers and multisite pain: cross-sectional study

Faria, Beatriz Suelen Ferreira; Gonçalves, Josiane Sotrate; Sato, Tatiana de Oliveira

doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20220002

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • BrJP 5 (1) • Jan-Mar 2022 • https://doi.org/10.5935/2595-0118.20220002 copy

Association between psychosocial factors in workers and multisite pain: cross-sectional study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Psychosocial factors may be associated with multisite pain, which is characterized by pain symptoms in more than one part of the body. The aim of the present study was to determine associations between psychosocial factors and multisite pain in a population of workers.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 195 workers (educators, administrative technicians, healthcare workers, cleaners, and zookeepers). Psychosocial factors were evaluated using the short form of the second version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire. Multisite pain was identified using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.

RESULTS:

Multisite pain was associated with quantitative demands (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.63), work pace (OR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.01-1.43), emotional demands (OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.63), commitment to the workplace (OR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.62-0.91), predictability (OR=0.86; 95% CI: 0.76-0.99), job satisfaction (OR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.88), work-family conflict (OR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.16-1.62), justice (OR=0.81; 95% CI: 0.69-0.94), general health perception (OR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.38-0.76), burnout (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.17-1.69), and stress (OR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.18-1.68).

CONCLUSION:

Several psychosocial factors were associated with multisite pain, indicating that these factors could be considered in the multisite pain management.

Keywords:
Burnout psychological; Chronic pain; Stress psychological; Working environment

Variables	n	%	Mean	SD
Age (years)	195		40.9	10.1
Gender	195
Female	140	71.8
Male	55	28.2
Occupation	195
Cleaning services	34	17.4
Maintenance services	15	7.7
Administrative services	39	20.0
Healthcare services	55	28.2
Education services	52	26.7
Types of work	195
Blue-collar	76	39.0
White-collar	119	61.0
Marital status	195
Single/divorced/widowed	84	43.1
Married/lives with partner	111	56.9
Educational level	195
Incomplete elementary school	21	10.8
Complete elementary school	8	4.1
Incomplete high school or technical	2	1.0
Complete high school or technical	49	25.1
Incomplete higher education	9	4.6
Complete higher education	31	15.9
Complete Post Graduation	75	38.5
Company time (years)	193		4.9	7.2
Hours of work per week	195
20-30	3	1.6
35-45	175	89.7
More than 45	17	8.7
Work shift	195
Day	167	85.6
Night	28	14.4

Variables	Total sample (n = 195)				Without MSP (n = 75)				With MSP (n = 120)
Variables	n	%	Mean	SD	n	%	Mean	SD	n	%	Mean	SD
Musculoskeletal symptoms
Neck/shoulder	119	61.0			14	18.7			105	87.5
Thoracic/lumbar	120	61.5			12	16.0			108	90.0
Upper limb	58	29.7			3	4.0			55	45.8
Lower limb	99	50.8			11	14.7			88	73.3
Number of regions with pain (0 to 4 regions)	195		2.0	1.4	75		0.5	0.5	120		3.0	0.8
None	35	17.9			35	46.7			-	-
One region	40	20.5			40	53.3			-	-
Two regions	39	20.0			-	-			39	32.5
Three regions	46	23.7			-	-			46	38.3
Four regions	35	17.9			-	-			35	29.2
Psychosocial factors
Demands at work	195		11.1	4.3	75		9.3	4.2	120		12.3	3.9
Influence and development	195		9.8	3.2	75		9.0	3.3	120		10.3	3.1
Meaning and commitment	195		13.2	2.9	75		13.8	2.2	120		12.9	3.3
Interpersonal relationships	195		15.7	5.4	75		16.2	5.6	120		15.4	5.2
Leadership	195		10.5	4.1	75		11.1	4.0	120		10.2	4.2
Job satisfaction	195		2.1	0.7	75		2.2	0.6	120		2.0	0.7
Work-family conflict	195		2.5	2.0	75		1.7	1.9	120		2.9	1.9
Values in workplace	195		10.3	3.9	75		11.0	4.1	120		9.9	3.8
General health perception	195		2.4	1.0	75		2.7	1.0	120		2.3	0.9
Burnout and stress	195		8.4	3.5	75		7.0	3.5	120		9.2	3.2
Offensive behavior	195		0.5	0.8	75		0.4	0.6	120		0.6	0.9

Psychosocial factors	Model I		Model II
Psychosocial factors	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Demands at work	1.20	1.11 - 1.30	1.17	1.08 - 1.27
Quantitative demands	1.44	1.18 - 1.77	1.31	1.06 - 1.63
Work pace	1.23	1.04 - 1.45	1.20	1.01 - 1.43
Emotional demands	1.43	1.22 - 1.67	1.39	1.18 - 1.63
Influence and development	1.13	1.03 - 1.24	1.07	0.97 - 1.18
Influence at work	1.28	1.10 - 1.48	1.17	0.99 - 1.37
Possibilities for development	1.10	0.93 - 1.29	1.02	0.85 - 1.21
Meaning and commitment	0.89	0.79 - 0.99	0.88	0.78 - 0.99
Meaning of work	0.94	0.76 - 1.15	0.95	0.76 - 1.19
Commitment to workplace	0.77	0.64 - 0.93	0.75	0.62 - 0.91
Interpersonal relations	0.97	0.92 - 1.03	0.96	0.91 - 1.02
Predictability	0.88	0.77 - 1.00	0.86	0.76 - 0.99
Recognition	0.95	0.83 - 1.08	0.93	0.81 - 1.06
Role clarity	1.03	0.87 - 1.21	1.01	0.85 - 1.20
Leadership	0.94	0.88 - 1.01	0.95	0.88 - 1.02
Quality of leadership	0.91	0.79 - 1.03	0.92	0.81 - 1.06
Social support	0.90	0.78 - 1.03	0.91	0.78 - 1.05
Job satisfaction	0.59	0.37 - 0.94	0.53	0.32 - 0.88
Work-family conflict	1.39	1.18 - 1.63	1.37	1.16 - 1.62
Values in workplace	0.93	0.86 - 1.01	0.92	0.85 - 1.00
Trust regarding management	0.96	0.84 - 1.10	0.93	0.80 - 1.07
Justice	0.82	0.71 - 0.95	0.81	0.69 - 0.94
General health perception	0.59	0.43 - 0.81	0.54	0.38 - 0.76
Burnout and stress	1.23	1.12 - 1.36	1.24	1.12 - 1.37
Burnout	1.39	1.16 - 1.65	1.41	1.17 - 1.69
Stress	1.42	1.20 - 1.36	1.41	1.18 - 1.68
Offensive behavior	1.32	0.91 - 1.93	1.32	0.89 - 1.97

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[1] Correspondence to: Tatiana de Oliveira Sato E-mail: tatisato@gmail.com tatisato@ufscar.br