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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Brazilian Journal of Pain 8 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.63231/2595-0118.20250006-en linkcopy

Open-access Surveillance of toothache in primary health care in Brazil: time series 2014-2023

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    ABSTRACT

    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES  Toothache is a marker of failure in care and resolution, and therefore it is an indicator of oral health surveillance in Primary Health Care (PHC). The objective of the present study was to analyze the toothache notification in PHC among the Brazilian states and geographic regions over ten years.

    METHODS  The ecological study used secondary data extracted in April 2024 on toothache surveillance, through the Health Information System for Primary Care, referring to the annual data (January-December) from 2014 to 2023. Population data were extracted from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The occurrence, annual rate, and annual percentage variation were calculated.

    RESULTS  In ten years, pain was reported in 46,514,494 teeth. The lowest annual rate was 2.63 teeth per 1,000 inhabitants/year in 2014, and the highest 35.81, in 2023. The lowest rates were in the following states: RO, RR, RJ, and DF, and the highest in AC, AL, RN, and TO. Among the geographic regions, the lowest rates were in the Southeast and South, and the highest rates in the Northeast and North. There was a percentage increase in toothache in Brazil, with the exception of 2020 (-23.3%). Among the regions, a reduction was only observed in the Southeast between 2017-2016 (-14.9%).

    CONCLUSION  Toothache had a high rate of occurrence and an annual increase in PHC in Brazil, except for 2020, with marked disparities between states and Brazilian regions.

    Keywords:
    Primary Health Care; Toothache; Public Health Surveillance

    HIGHLIGHTS

    There was a high annual occurrence rate of toothache notification in Primary Health Care in Brazil in the time evaluated.

    The annual occurrence rate of toothache notification decreased only in 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, but from 2021 onwards it returned to higher rates than in the pre-pandemic period

    There were clear disparities in the rate of notification of toothache occurrence between the states and geographic regions of Brazil, with lower rates in the South and Southeast, and higher rates in the North and Northeast

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