Frequency-based relays are usually employed in anti-islanding protection of synchronous generators connected to distribution systems. Since the relays performances are strongly dependent on the amount of active power imbalance in the islanded system, a set of detection time versus power imbalance curves is employed to evaluate the performance of these relays. Such curves are obtained by non-linear dynamical simulation. The concept of critical active power imbalance is also presented by using these curves. This methodology is applied to analyze under and over-frequency relays, rate of change of frequency relays (ROCOF relays) and vector surge or vector jump relays (VS relays).
distributed generation; frequency relays; islanding detection; rate of change of frequency relays; synchronous generators; vector surge relays
