Conjugated linoleic acid as a potential bioactive molecule to modulates gamete and embryo cryotolerance

Freitas, Danielle Storino; Lopes, Guilherme Antonio de Gouvêa; Nascimento, Barbara Rodrigues; Pereira, Luiza Aparecida Ansaloni Chagas; Batista, Ribrio Ivan Tavares Pereira; Campos Junior, Paulo Henrique Almeida

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v21e-63574

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Medicina Veterinária • Ciênc. anim. bras. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-63574 copy

Conjugated linoleic acid as a potential bioactive molecule to modulates gamete and embryo cryotolerance

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of positional isomers of linoleic acid found in meat and dairy products from ruminants. It is a trans fat widely used by athletes as a food supplement, due to a supposed effect of maximizing the use of body fat reserves. The interest in diet and culture media supplementation with CLA is an emerging area, demanding studies in order to elucidate its benefits in the reproductive parameters, as well as in cryopreservation. Therefore, the aim of this review was to discuss the effects of CLA on the oocytes, sperm and embryos cryotolerance. Some studies have already demonstrated its use in cryopreservation of germline. Among those, it was observed that CLA supplementation during oocyte in vitro maturation can increase their viability post-freezing and developmental capacity. Regarding the use of CLA on sperm, there are few studies and their results are still inconclusive. Finally, studies about CLA supplementation on embryo culture media have shown promising results, indicating that this bioactive molecule is able to modulate lipid uptake on blastomeres. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the potential use of CLA as a bioactive molecule to improve germline and embryo cryotolerance and open new perspectives on human and animal reproduction field.

Key-words:
lipid accumulation; cryopreservation; embryo; oocyte; sperm

Reference	Specimen	Species	Cryopreservation procedure	Viability rate after cryopreservation	Main findings
Leão et al., 2008	Embryo	Bovine	Vitrification -100 µM 9c, 11t and 10t, 12c CLA	Supplementation with CLA in in vitro production increased the survival of the vitrified and thawed embryos after 3 hours (80.0%) compared with the control (63.8%).	Supplementation of the media with cis- and trans-9,11- and - 10,12- CLA during IVM and IVC increased the rate of embryonic survival after warming.
Pereira et al., 2008	Embryo	Bovine	Vitrification-100 µM 10t, 12c CLA	The addition of a conjugated isomer of linoleic acid, the trans-10, cis-12 to embryo culture, improved embryo post thawing viability after (68,6% / 27,4%).	CLA containing media decreased embryo cytoplasmic lipid deposition and improved embryo resistance to micromanipulation and cryopreservation.
Soares et al., 2013	Sperm	Bovine	Conventional 50µM, 100µM, 150µM 9c, 11t and 10t, 12c CLA	There was no difference between treatments.	The use of CLA in the dilution medium of bovine sperm showed the highest values of average speed in 50 µM and a higher percentage of membrane intake at 100 µM.
Batista et al., 2014	Embryo	Bovine	Conventional -100 µM 10t, 12c CLA	A significant increase was observed in the re-expansion rate of embryos cultured with trans-10, cis-12 CLA when compared to control (56.3 vs. 34.4%). However, this difference was not observed in the hatching rate (16.5 vs. 14.0%).	The mechanism by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA reduces the neutral lipid content of in vitro produced embryos involves a down-regulation in the expression of the 1- acyiglycerol-3-phosphate 0- acyltransferase enzyme.
Absalón- Medína et al. 2014	Embryo	Bovine	Vitrification - 9c,11t and 10t,12c were tested at high (50,100, and 200 µM) and low (15 and 25 µM)	Higher survival rate after rewarming and culture, and a higher embryo blastomere count was noted.	Embryos cultured in CLA containing media showed higher survival rates after cryopreservation.
Matos et al., 2015	Oocyte	Bovine	Maturation-100 µM 10t, 12c CLA- Vitrification EG/DMSO 10%.	CLA supplementation improved the developmental competence of vitrifed/warmed. Cryoprotectants exposition reduced oocytes membrane permeability (37% - 42%).	CLA supplementation improves post-freezing oocyte viability.
Teixeira et al., 2017	Sperm	Porcine	Conventional - 50µM 10t, 12c	Viability decreased significantly after freezing and thawing.	There was no observed advantages on the post-thaw boar sperm viability and integrity.
Karimi et al., 2017	Sperm	Bovine	Conventional - 5g by gavage using 9c, 11t and 10t, 12c CLA	Lower values in both treatments at weeks 6 and 8, with a recovery by week 10.	CLA supplementation does not change sperm progressive motility in fresh and frozen/thawed samples.
Carvalho et al., 2019	Embryo	Bovine	Vitrification-100 µM 10t, 12c CLA	Improves hatching rates when added throughout the growth.	CLA supplementation promotes the reduction of lipid levels and improved cryoresistance.
Dias et al., 2020	Embryo	Bovine	Slow Freezing -100 µM 10t, 12c CLA	Reduction in the rate of blastocysts with an reexpansion rate of 43%	CLA during in vitro culture was not able to improve embryo production and response to cryopreservation.

Universidade Federal de Goiás Universidade Federal de Goiás, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Campus II, Caixa Postal 131, CEP: 74001-970, Tel.: (55 62) 3521-1568, Fax: (55 62) 3521-1566 - Goiânia - GO - Brazil
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[1] *Correspondent - paulohenrique@ufsj.edu.br