Comparison of formulation costs for poultry feeds based on crude protein <i>versus</i> the digestible lysine to protein ratio

Broch, Jomara; Nunes, Ricardo Vianna; Alhotan, Rashed Abdullah; Pesti, Gene Michael

doi:10.1590/1809-6891v21e-58858

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Zootecnia • Ciênc. anim. bras. 21 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-6891v21e-58858 copy

Comparison of formulation costs for poultry feeds based on crude protein versus the digestible lysine to protein ratio

Comparação dos custos de formulação para aves baseados na proteína bruta versus relação lisina digestível proteína

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of using dLys:TP instead of crude protein recommendations of commercial poultry breeding companies to meet the chicken’s need for dietary essential and non-essential amino acids. The ingredient composition matrix used in the feed formulation was compiled from Feedstuffs Magazine. The rations were formulated using a linear feed formulation program to meet the minimum cost, with crude protein or dLys: TP of 5.58%. Using the dLys to TP ratio versus CP minimums for the model diets chosen, formula costs were changed from +$10.96 to -$4.26 per ton of feed. The magnitude of the changes was dependent on the imbalance present in the feeds from using the breeder management guide recommendations and ingredient prices. Through the use of dLys: TP, it is possible to improve the feed formulation process, assuring the birds get adequate EAA and NEAA without being wasteful and reducing environmental pollution.

Key Words:
amino acids; concentration; digestibility

Ingredients	Cost, $/ton	Min	Max	Dry Matter	Met. Energy	Ca	Total P	Avail. P	Na	Cl	Choline
Corn [SID]	150	0	100	86.0	3.37	0.01	0.28	0.12	0.02	0.04	1.10
Corn [CR]	150	0	100	86.0	3.37	0.01	0.23	0.09	0.02	0.04	1.10
Soybean meal (48% CP) [SID]	346	0	100	88.0	2.46	0.31	0.72	0.24	0.04	0.02	2.85
Soybean meal (48% CP) [CR]	346	0	100	88.0	2.46	0.31	0.67	0.21	0.04	0.02	2.85
Corn DDGS [SID]	124	0	5	90.2	2.85	0.03	0.77	0.54	0.19	0.17	3.40
Corn DDGS [CR]	124	0	10	92.0	2.80	0.14	0.89	0.55	0.20	0.17	3.40
Wheat middlings [CR]	141	0	100	89.0	2.09	0.15	0.91	0.28	0.06	0.07	1.10
Wheat [SID]	158	0	100	88.0	3.17	0.05	0.41	0.12	0.06	0.07	0.78
Wheat, hard, grain [CR]	158	0	100	88.0	3.17	0.05	0.41	0.12	0.06	0.07	0.78
Fat, animal/vegetable	545	1	100	99.0	7.92	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Dical. phos.	426	0	100	100.0	0.00	22.00	18.50	18.50	0.06	0.01	0.00
Limestone	52	0	100	100.0	0.00	38.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.03	0.00
DI-Methionine	2633	0	100	99.7	5.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Lysine HCI	1399	0	100	98.5	4.12	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Threonine	1754	0	100	99.5	3.49	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Tryptophan	16300	0	0	99.0	5.71	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Valine	7000	0	0	99.7	5.26	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Common salt	117	0.4	0.4	100.0	0.00	0.30	0.00	0.00	39.00	60.00	0.00
Vitamin premix	3600	0.25	0.25	100.0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	88.00
Mineral premix	1060	0.09	0.09	100.0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Ingredients	Crude Protein	True Protein	dLYS	dMET	dTSAA	dTHR	dTRP	dARG	dVAL
Corn [SID]	7.50	6.82	0.22	0.17	0.32	0.25	0.06	0.37	0.39
Corn [CR]	7.50	6.82	0.20	0.17	0.32	0.24	0.06	0.36	0.37
Soybean meal (48% CP) [SID]	47.80	43.13	2.72	0.64	1.21	1.70	0.62	3.35	2.38
Soybean meal (48% CP) [CR]	47.80	43.13	2.74	0.65	1.24	1.77	0.62	3.34	2.45
Corn DDGS [SID]	25.90	24.80	0.48	0.43	0.77	0.70	0.17	0.95	1.04
Corn DDGS [CR]	27.00	24.80	0.56	0.44	0.91	0.66	0.15	0.87	1.06
Wheat middlings [CR]	15.00	13.49	0.56	0.10	0.25	0.39	0.17	0.87	0.64
Wheat [SID]	13.50	11.86	0.34	0.23	0.50	0.30	0.15	0.51	0.62
Wheat, hard, grain [CR]	13.50	11.86	0.33	0.22	0.48	0.29	0.16	0.52	0.60
Fat, animal/vegetable	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Dical. phos.	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Limestone	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
DI-Methionlne	65.80	97.00	0.00	99.00	99.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Lysine HCI	134.76	78.00	78.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Threonine	85.81	97.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	98.50	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-Tryptophan	92.27	97.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	98.00	0.00	0.00
L-Valine	87.55	97.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	96.50
Common salt	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Vitamin premix	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Mineral premix	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Ingredients	Ross 308 Broiler		Cobb 700 Broiler		HY-LINE W-36		ROSS 708- Female Parent		HY-LINE W-36		HY-LINE W-36
Ingredients	Starter 1-10 d		Finisher 2 (43+d)		Starter 1 (0-3 wks)		Breeder 1		Peaking		Layer 5 (< 80%)
	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.	Min.	Max.
Met. Energy (Kcal g^-1)	3.00	100	3.20	100	2.98	100	2.80	100	2.84	100	2.78	100
Crude protein (%)	23.00	100	18.00	100	20.00	100	15.00	100	19.05	100	15.86	100
True protein (%)	0.00	100	0.00	100	0.00	100	0.00	100	0.00	100	0.00	100
Ca (%)	0.96	100	0.76	100	1.00	100	3.00	100	4.94	100	5.00	100
Avail. phosphorus (%)	0.48	100	0.38	100	0.50	100	0.35	100	0.58	100	0.41	100
Na (%)	0.16	100	0.15	100	0.18	100	0.15	100	0.21	100	0.19	100
Cl (%)	0.16	100	0.15	100	0.18	100	0.16	100	0.21	100	0.19	100
Choline (ug g^-1)	1.70	100	0.35	100	0.11	100	1.20	100	0.11	100	0.11	100
dLYS (%)	1.28	100	0.93	100	1.05	100	0.60	100	0.96	100	0.73	100
dMET (%)	0.51	100	0.38	100	0.47	100	0.35	100	0.47	100	0.35	100
dTSAA (%)	0.95	100	0.72	100	0.74	100	0.56	100	0.81	100	0.60	100
dTHR (%)	0.86	100	0.63	100	0.69	100	0.47	100	0.67	100	0.51	100
dTRP (%)	0.20	100	0.17	100	0.18	100	0.14	100	0.20	100	0.15	100
dARG (%)	1.37	100	1.00	100	1.12	100	0.79	100	1.00	100	0.76	100
dVAL (%)	0.96	100	0.71	100	0.76	100	0.56	100	0.84	100	0.64	100

	Ross 308 Broiler Starter 1-10 d		Cobb 700 Broiler Finisher 2 (43+ d)		HY-LINE W-36 Starter 1(0-3 wks)
	CP=K	LYS:TP	CP=K	LYS:TP	CP=K	LYS:TP
Formula Cost ($/Ton)	249.41	260.37	226.56	228.13	197.49	193.54
Cost difference ($/Ton)	10.96		1.57		-3.95
Feed ingredient Composition	(%)		(%)		(%)
Corn [SID]	33.35	0.00	39.47	25.47	8.65	42.83
Soybean meal (48%CP) [SID]	32.38	35.21	19.81	19.21	12.41	13.85
Corn DDGS [SID]	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Wheat [SID]	22.45	51.42	27.99	42.09	56.17	21.73
Fat. animal/vegetable	2.44	4.31	4.22	4.73	3.06	1.81
Dical. phos.	1.67	1.66	1.21	1.22	1.49	1.47
Limestone	1.25	1.20	1.08	1.07	12.11	12.15
DI-Methionine	0.30	0.23	0.18	0.16	0.11	0.15
L-Lysine HCI	0.29	0.16	0.24	0.23	0.20	0.21
L-Threonine	0.13	0.07	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07
Common salt	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Vitamin premix	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Mineral premix	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09
Feed Nutrient Composition
Dry matter (%)	88.23	89.07	88.20	88.53	90.03	89.22
Met. energy (kcal g^-1)	3.00	3.00	3.20	3.20	2.78	2.78
Crude protein (%)	23.00	25.49	18.00	18.56	15.86	14.50
True protein (%)	20.78	22.94	16.22	16.67	14.17	13.08
Ca(%)	0.96	0.96	0.76	0.76	5.00	5.00
Avail. P (%)	0.48	0.48	0.38	0.38	0.41	0.41
Ca:P g g^-1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-2.09	-2.09
Na %	0.20	0.21	0.20	0.20	0.21	0.20
Cl %	0.28	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.30	0.29
Choline ug g^-1	1.85	1.79	1.61	1.55	1.28	1.43
dLYS (%)	1.28	1.28	0.93	0.93	0.73	0.73
dMET (%)	0.63	0.59	0.45	0.44	0.35	0.38
dTSAA (%)	0.95	0.95	0.72	0.72	0.60	0.60
dTHR (%)	0.86	0.86	0.63	0.63	0.51	0.51
dTRP (%)	0.26	0.31	0.20	0.21	0.18	0.15
dARG (%)	1.37	1.49	1.00	1.00	0.78	0.78
dVAL (%)	1.09	1.21	0.85	0.87	0.73	0.68
TP:dLYS g g^-1	16.24	17.92	17.44	17.92	19.41	17.92

	ROSS 708 Breeder 1		HY-LINE W36 Peaking		HY-LINE W-36 Layer 5 (>80%)
	CP=K	LYS:TP	CP=K	LYS:TP	CP=K	LYS:TP
Formula cost ($ Ton^-1)	174.33	170.07	229.49	229.53	193.0009	190.1747
Cost difference ($ Ton^-1)	-4.26		0.05		-2.82
Feed Ingredient Composition	(%)		(%)		(%)
Corn [CR]	0.00	2.47	3.96	3.47	12.72	38.03
Soybean meal (48% CP) [CR]	2.97	0.00	19.80	19.78	11.14	12.42
Corn DDGS [CR]	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
Wheat middlings [CR]	8.11	10.60	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Wheat. hard. grain [CR]	68.53	66.37	45.05	45.54	48.40	22.68
Fat. animal/vegetable	1.00	1.00	6.11	6.12	3.00	2.12
Dicalcium phosphate	0.99	0.99	2.27	2.27	1.38	1.37
Limestone	7.16	7.18	11.45	11.45	12.19	12.21
DI-Methionine	0.13	0.15	0.25	0.24	0.11	0.13
L-Lysine HCI	0.25	0.34	0.26	0.26	0.24	0.24
L-Threonine	0.12	0.17	0.11	0.11	0.08	0.07
Common salt	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
Vitamin premix	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Mineral premix	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.09
Feed Nutrient Composition
Dry matter (%)	89.71	89.71	90.80	90.81	90.24	89.64
Met. energy (kal g^-1)	2.80	2.80	2.84	2.84	2.78	2.78
Crude protein (%)	15.00	14.02	19.05	19.07	15.86	14.90
True protein (%)	13.42	12.52	17.19	17.20	14.26	13.49
Ca (%)	3.00	3.00	4.94	4.94	5.00	5.00
Available phosphate (%)	0.35	0.35	0.58	0.58	0.41	0.41
Ca:P g g^-1	-1.15	-1.15	-1.89	-1.89	-2.09	-2.09
Na (%)	0.23	0.23	0.22	0.22	0.22	0.21
Cl (%)	0.31	0.31	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.29
Choline ug g^-1	1.27	1.22	1.52	1.52	1.39	1.51
dLYS (%)	0.60	0.60	0.96	0.96	0.73	0.73
dMET (%)	0.35	0.35	0.52	0.52	0.35	0.36
dTSAA (%)	0.61	0.59	0.81	0.81	0.61	0.60
dTHR (%)	0.47	0.47	0.67	0.67	0.51	0.51
dTRP (%)	0.16	0.14	0.21	0.21	0.17	0.15
dARG (%)	0.62	0.54	1.00	1.00	0.76	0.76
dVAL (%)	0.64	0.58	0.88	0.88	0.72	0.69
TP:dLYS g g^-1	22.36	20.86	17.91	17.92	19.53	18.48

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