Occupational participation, stress, anxiety and depression in workers and students from Brazilian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author’s Contributions

Glenda Miranda da Paixão: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Adriene Damasceno Seabra: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Adrine Carvalho dos Santos Vieira: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Julia Andreza Gorla: writing and formatting and final review. Daniel Cezar da Cruz: wirting, literature review and final review. All authors approved the final version of the text.

Julia Andreza Gorla e-mail: gorla.ju@gmail.com

Section editor

Profa. Dra. Ana Luiza Alegretti

Tables (6)

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Table 1
Routine of the participants during the pandemic (n=199).

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Table 2
Comparison of occupational participation before and during COVID-19 pandemic using the Wilcoxon Test (n=199).

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Table 3
Median and p-values by comparing groups using the Mann-Whitney test (n=199).

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Table 4
Comparison between time organisation and difficulties in occupational participation with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress in the sample using the Mann-Whitney test (n=199).

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Occupations Level of participation 0 1 2 3 Hand crafts Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Watch TV Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Take care of children Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Self-care Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Gardening Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Domestic activities Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Take care of pets Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Cooking Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Studying Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Writing Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Physical activity Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Play Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Reading Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Meditation Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Listening music Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Using social media Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Work from the office Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Work remotely Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Volunteering Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Learn new skills Before Pandemics During the Pandemics Caregiving Before Pandemics During the Pandemics

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Question Answer Yes No Did I organize my time to perform satisfactorily? Did I have difficulties performing all occupations I wanted to or expected to do? Did I begin new habits and occupations? Did I sustain these new habits and occupations? Did I follow the rules of social isolation (left home only for essential needs)?

Participants	Difficulties on occupational participation		Started new habits and activities		Sustained the new habits and activities		Time organisation to perform occupations
Students	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Yes	125	89.3	110	78.6	78	55.7	38	27.1
No	15	10.7	30	21.4	62	44.3	102	72.9
Lecturers	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Yes	33	78.6	39	92.9	32	76.2	22	52.4
No	9	21.4	3	7.1	10	23.8	20	47.6
Technicians	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Yes	13	76.5	14	82.4	12	70.6	10	58.8
No	4	23.5	3	17.6	5	29.4	7	41.2

Occupation	Students		Lecturers		Technicians
Occupation	Z²	p value	Z	p value	Z	p value
Hand crafts	1.667	0.096	1.245	0.213	1.826	0.068
Watch TV	6.874	<0.001**	3.403	<0.001**	2.170	0.030*
Take care of children	2.666	0.008*	3.059	0.002*	2.201	0.028*
Self Care	3.227	<0.001**	- 1.275	0.202	0.235	0.814
Gardening	4.241	<0.001**	1.782	0.075	2.578	0.010*
Domestic activities	8.329	<0.001**	4.967	<0.001**	3.408	<0.001**
Take care of pets	5.233	<0.001**	2.803	0.005*	2.201	0.028*
Cooking	7.705	<0.001**	4.475	<0.001**	2.870	0.004*
Studying	- 8.066	<0.001**	- 0.829	0.407	- 1.022	0.307
Writing	- 4.351	<0.001**	1.189	- 0.234	- 1.067	0.286
Physical activity	- 3.240	<0.001**	0.062	- 0.951	- 1.294	0.196
Play	7.290	<0.001**	1.886	0.059	1.859	0.063
Reading	0.853	0.394	0.067	0.946	- 0.445	0.657
Meditation	2.952	0.003*	3.039	0.002*	1.095	0.273
Listening music	3.711	<0.001**	1.633	0.102	0.652	0.515
Using social media	6.353	<0.001**	3.719	<0.001**	2.666	0.008*
Work from the university office	- 7.676	<0.001**	- 5.162	<0.001**	- 3.516	<0.001**
Work remotely	2.816	0.005*	5.373	<0.001**	3.296	<0.001**
Volunteering	- 6.232	<0.001**	- 1.138	0.255	- 0.802	0.423
Learn new skills	1.068	0.285	0.628	0.530	0.944	0.345
Caregiving	4.859	<0.001**	3.180	0.002*	1.826	0.068

Scale	Students x Lecturers			Students x Technicians			Lecturers x Technicians
Scale	S	P	p-value	S	T	p-value	P	T	p-value
Depression	22	10	<0.001**	22	10	0.002*	10	10	0.788
Anxiety	19	8	<0.001**	19	6	0.016*	8	6	0.853
Stress	26	20	0.001*	26	20	0.167	20	20	0.37

Time organisation	Students			Lecturers			Technicians
Time organisation	Median Yes	Median No	p-value	Median Yes	Median No	p-value	Median Yes	Median No	p-value
Depression	13	24	<0.001**	08	12	0.099	11	10	0.305
Anxiety	10	20	0.006*	05	09	0.162	04	12	0.057
Stress	20	29	0.002*	13	24	0.096	10	32	0.079
Occupational participation	Students			Lecturers			Technicians
Occupational participation	Median Yes	Median No	p-value	Median Yes	Median No	p-value	Median Yes	Median No	p-value
Depression	22	12	<0.001**	12	02	0.018*	10	12	0.610
Anxiety	20	08	0.001*	08	02	0.269	06	13	0.954
Stress	28	18	0.007^* * p<0.05; **p<0.001.	24	10	0.015*	20	20	0.650

[1] Author’s Contributions

Glenda Miranda da Paixão: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Adriene Damasceno Seabra: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Adrine Carvalho dos Santos Vieira: Project design, data analysis, and writting. Julia Andreza Gorla: writing and formatting and final review. Daniel Cezar da Cruz: wirting, literature review and final review. All authors approved the final version of the text.

Brasil

Brasil

Occupational participation, stress, anxiety and depression in workers and students from Brazilian universities during the COVID-19 pandemic

Participação ocupacional, estresse, ansiedade e depressão em trabalhadores e estudantes de universidades brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion