Effects of music on body and facial expressions and psychological and behavioral symptoms of older adults

Corrêa, Larissa; Caparrol, Ana Julia de Souza; Martins, Gabriela; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; Gratão, Aline Cristina Martins

doi:10.4322/2526-8910.ctoAO1889

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Original Article • Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup. 28 (2) • Apr-June 2020 • https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoAO1889 copy

Effects of music on body and facial expressions and psychological and behavioral symptoms of older adults

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To compare the physiological, behavioral and expressive effects of nonpharmacological interventions through songs of Brazilian popular character (representative of the life history of the older adults) and classical music in the elderly population with institutionalized dementia.

Method

A quantitative, almost-experimental and comparative study was carried out in two groups: “Intervention Group with Popular Music” (IGPM; n = 19) and “Control Group with Classical Music” (CGCM n = 14) in two Long Institutions Stay for the Elderly people (ILPI). After approval by the Research Ethics Committee (Process nº 1,981,699 / 2017), four (4) individual sessions were held, with five (5) songs. The measures of Psychological and Comparative Symptoms of Dementia (PCSD) were compared between groups; the physiological parameters (frequency and blood pressure) before and after the intervention; facial expressions through the Facial Action Coding System (FACS); and bodily movements.

Results

Greater percentage obtained by IGPM for: expressions by FACS of joy (p = 0.039) and surprise (p = 0.041); and greater number of head and trunk movements (t) (t = 2.94, p = 0.006) when compared to CGCM. Regarding SPCD, GIMP presented a significant decrease in the severity of delirium symptoms (t = 2.379, p = .029).

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that the representative of the song of the life trajectory of this population can awaken: satisfaction with life, memories, and joy to live when compared to classical music.

Keywords:
Dementia; Aged; Homes for the Aged; Music

Older adult profile	IGPM (n=19)	CGCM (n=14)	IGPMvs CGCM
Age (mean)	85.1 (±8.68)	85.3 (±7.6)	t=-0.6; p=0.92
Gender	10.5	28.6	p=0.19¹
Female %	89.5	71.4
Male %	10.5	28.6	p=0.191
Marital Status
Single %	36.8	14.3	NA
Married %	5.3	7.1
Widow %	57.9	78.6	NA
Separate %	-	-
Medications	5.6 (±2.9)	8.9 (±3.0)	t=-3.1; p=0.00²
Morbidities	3.1 (±1.5)	4.1 (±1.5)	t=-1.9; p=0.06²

Expression	IGPM (n=19)	CGCM (n=14)	IGPM vs CGCM
Surprise
No %	52.6	85.7	p=0.040¹
Yes %	47.4	14.3	p=0.040¹
Disgusted
No %	84.2	78.6	p=0.5101
Yes %	15.8	21.4
Joy
No %	21.1	57.1	p=0.039¹
Yes %	78.9	42.9	p=0.039¹
Fear
No%	78.9	100	p=0.095¹
Yes %	21.1	0	p=0.095¹
Anger
No%	100	100	NA
Yes %	0	0	NA
Sadness
No %	84.2	42.9	p=0.092¹
Yes %	15.8	57.1	p=0.092¹
LL movement
No %	36.8	28.6	p=0.453¹
Yes %	63.2	71.4
Mean (±sd)	3.74 (±3.72)	1.71 (±1.54)	t=1.54; p=0.1362
UL movement
No %	15.8	14.3	p=0.649¹
Yes %	84.2	85.7
Mean (±sd)	5.21 (±4.52)	4.86 (±3.65)	t= 0.24; p=0.812²
TH movement
No %	0	0	NA
Yes %	100	100
Mean (±sd)	17.16 (±5.58)	11.21 (±5.92)	t=2.94; p=0.006²

Variables	IGPM (n=19)		Pre vs Post	CGCM (n=14)		Pre vs Post	IGPM vs CGCM	IGPM vs CGCM
Variables	Pre	Post	Pre vs Post	Pre	Post	Pre vs Post	Pre	Post
Heart rate	74.6	73.8	t=0.43;	73	71.3	t=0.9;	t=0.4;	t=0.62
	(±10.6)	(±12.4)	p=0.64³	(±7.9)	(±10.1)	p=0.37³	p=0.63²	p=0.531
Systolic blood pressure (SBP)	117.7	115.8	t=1.383;	113.2	110.9	t=1.242	t=0.8²;	t=2.3²
	(±8.4)	(±7.1)	p=0.1843	(±7.9)	(±11.1)	p=0.23³	p=0.40²	p=0.02²
Diastolic blood pressure (DBP)	73.5	72.6	t=-0.4³;	69.2	66.7	t=-1.2;	t=1.9	t=2.2
	(±8.4)	(±6.4)	p=0.67³	(±6.1)	(±5.7)	p=0.23³	p=0.61²	p=0.03²
% Coherence	25.8	28.6	t=1.2 p=0.231	30	33	t=1.1 p=0.27¹	t=-1.4 p=0.164	t=-1.3 p=0.18⁴
Total NPI	4.8	4.4	t= 1.937;	2.9	2.6	t= 1.110	t=1.1	t=3.2
	(±2.7)	(±2.4)	p=0.16³	(±2.1)	(±1.9)	p=0.26³	p=0.25²	p=0.00²
Delirium severity	1.1	0.5	t=2.3	0.5	0.5	t=0.5	t=-0.1	t=0.0
Delirium severity	(±1.3)	(±1.1)	p=.02³	(±0.9)	(±0.9)	p=0.58³	p=0.941	p=0.98²
Hallucination severity	0.5	0.5	t=-0.6	0.5	0.3	t= 1.4	t=1.6	t=0.6
Hallucination severity	(±0.9)	(±1.0)	p=0.54³	(±1.0)	(±0.8)	p=0.16³	p=0.101	p=0.52²
Agitation severity	1.3	1.2	t=-0.1	0.6	0.3	t= 1.2	t=1.5	t=2.7
Agitation severity	(±1.2)	(±1.4)	p=0.88³	(±1.0)	(±0.6)	p=0.21³	p=0.13²	p=0.01²
Depression severity	1.3	1.2	t=0.3	0.7	0.3	t= 2.1	t=2.6	t=2.3
Depression severity	(±1.3)	(±1.4)	p=0.71³	(±0.9)	(±0.8)	p=0.055³	p=0.011	p=0.02¹
Anxiety severity	1.4	1	t=1.3	0.4	0.2	t= 1.1	t=2.4	t=2.8
Anxiety severity	(±1.3)	(±1.3)	p=0.18	(±0.9)	(±0.3)	p=0.26²	p=0.01²	p=0.00²

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E-mail: cadto@ufscar.br

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[1] Author’s Contributions Larissa Corrêa: She contributed to the design and interpretation of data, writing and critical review of the article and approval of the final content. Ana Júlia de Souza Caparrol: She contributed to the design of the data, writing of the article and approval of the final content. Gabriela Martins: She contributed to the interpretation of data, writing of the article and approval of the final content. Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini: She contributed to data design, writing and critical review of the article and approval of the final content. Aline Cristina Martins Gratão: She contributed to the research design, protocol elaboration, data conception, analysis and interpretation, writing and critical review of the article and approval of the final content. All authors approved the final version of the text.