Adaptation to Chilean Spanish of Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA)

Neumann-Collyer, Vivian; González, Boris Paolo Moena; Espinoza, Evelyn Alvarez; San Martin, Gabriela Paz Cruz; Rauch-Gajardo, Maria Francisca; Hernández-Pérez, Karla

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Original Article • Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup. 30 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO22833013 copy

Adaptation to Chilean Spanish of Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DLOTCA)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective

To adapt the tenth version in English of the Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment to Chilean Spanish.

Method

The DLOTCA application manual was adapted into Spanish. The process followed the general guidelines for the translation and adaptation of instruments of the World Health Organization (WHO), with direct translation, a panel discussion of experts, back translation, pre-tests, and cognitive interviews with users.

Results

A direct translation into Spanish was obtained by two bilingual occupational therapists that were subjected to adjustments by a panel of experts composed of 6 occupational therapists, of the total of 28 sub-tests, the expert committee had no discrepancy in 20 of them, of which 8 remaining modifications were made. A back translation of the version obtained is carried out, where there were only discrepancies with one term, which was resolved by the research team. Finally, a pre-test was applied to 13 adults with brain damage, the adjustments in this stage were spelling and substitution of some terms for words more commonly used in the Chilean language, verifying the consistency in the understanding of the items independently of the results obtained. Three versions were produced before the final version, all stages were developed in a systematic way, achieving an understandable and consistent translation with the Chilean population.

Conclusions

A version in Chilean Spanish of the DLOTCA instrument has finally been made available to the scientific community.

Keywords:
Diagnostic Test Approval; Translating; Occupational Therapy; Cognition

Category	Orientation	Disease awareness	Visual perception	Spatial perception	Praxis	Visual-motor construction	Formal operations
Average	1.91	1.94	1.71	1.77	1.74	1.74	1.72
Standard deviation	0.20412	0.08779	0.29390	0.33056	0.33066	0.31430	0.40351

Category	Orientation	Disease awareness	Visual perception	Spatial perception	Praxis	Visual-motor construction	Formal operations
Average	1.91	1.75	1.58	1.70	1.58	0.91	1.25
Standard deviation	0.12910	0.15811	0.34157	0.18819	0.34157	0.37639	0.22361

Category	Orientation	Disease awareness	Visual perception	Praxis	Visual-motor construction	Formal operations
Intelligibility			constancia de objetos to “permanencia de objetos”	Peineta isntead of peine	Word is corrected retirar is dibujar

				It was changed “adentro”
				to “dentro”
				The word “performance” is translated to ejecución
				The word pliegues is changed to dobleces

Fidelity	The word “alternativa” was changed to “opciones”	Golpe en la cabeza was changed to “lesión en la cabeza”	The term “selecciona “ is changed to “apunta”		Cubos planos to cubos de madera natural	Spelling errors are corrected.
					Spelling errors are corrected	We changed sub prueba to sub test. Correction of error in translation of the scoring scale Item 27
					Manijas by manecillas

Domain	Item	Translated text	Difficulty	Modified text
Spatial perception	Spatial relationships in a photograph	“¿Qué hay al frente del hombre?”	Difficulty understanding the word “Frente”	“¿Qué hay Delante del hombre?”
Rational Operations	Geometric sequence A	“En esta línea, las formas están dibujadas en un orden especial continúe la secuencia de acuerdo al mismo orden”	Participants report not understanding the word “Continúe” from the instruction.	“En esta línea, las formas están dibujadas en un orden especial siga la secuencia de acuerdo al mismo orden”

Domain	Item	Translated instruction	Difficulty	Modification performed
Visual perception	Object permanence	The Interviewer shows 4 images of objects photographed from unusual angles: car, hammer, telephone, fork. The Interviewer asks the participant about each image “What do you see in the photograph?”	The figure of the hammer was not easily recognized as it was an unused model in the country.	It is not modified since once the photographs are shown from unusual angles together with the image of the hammer, pairing is achieved, therefore it does not affect the test.
Praxis	Use of objects	The participant is asked to fold a letter-size paper in two equal parts and place it in an envelope.	The size of the envelope was very small for the sheet of paper.	It is not modified; it is suggested that the interviewer deliver a paper of a size that with 2 folds to put it the envelope as indicated by mediation 3.
Praxis	Symbolic actions	“Show me how you use the phone, including picking up the handset, dialing a number, and putting the handset to your ear.”	There were difficulties in developing the action since people in the country preferably use mobile phones.	It is not modified because regardless of the type of telephone that the participant decides to symbolize, the praxis is developed.

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, CEP: , 13565-905, São Carlos, SP - Brasil, Tel.: 55-16-3361-8749 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadto@ufscar.br

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[1] Author’s Contributions

Vivian Neumann-Collyer: Principal investigator, the conception of the article, organization of sources and/or analysis, writing of the text, review. Karla Hernández-Pérez: Co-investigator and application of the pilot test in Viña del Mar, the conception of the article, organization of sources, analysis, writing of the text, review. Boris Paolo Moena González: Methodological advice, writing, and review of the article. Evelyn Alvarez Espinoza: Direct translation of DLOTCA and participation in panel experts, review of the article. Gabriela Paz Cruz San Martin: Direct translation of DLOTCA, review of the article. Maria Francisca Rauch-Gajardo: Co-investigator and application of a pilot test in Osorno, review of the article. All authors approved the final version of the text.