Occupational balance during Covid-19 lockdown among occupational therapy academics

Calvo-Paz, Mayling; Guevara-Ramírez, Juliana; Zapata-López, Jhoan Sebastián; Realpe-Martinez, Diana Lorena

doi:10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO247832422

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Original Article • Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup. 30 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2526-8910.ctoAO247832422 copy

Occupational balance during Covid-19 lockdown among occupational therapy academics¹ 1 This article is part of a research project which followed the ethical principles for its development and it had the approval of the Human Ethic Committee of the University Institution National School of Sports in Cali, Colombia.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

The mandatory confinement in response to Covid-19 forced the closure of colleges and universities, leading professors to adapt their teaching strategies to digital media, These changes in teaching processes showed an increase in the workday, greater stress, fatigue, and difficulties in separating work from other occupations, which may compromise the physical and mental health of teachers.

Objective

To describe the occupational balance of occupational therapy teachers at a university in Cali-Colombia, during lockdown due to Covid-19, and to establish the relationship between sociodemographic variables and the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 occupational therapy professors. The information was collected using Google forms containing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the OBQ-E, PHQ-9 questionnaires, and the GAD-7 scale. Absolute frequency tables and percentages were made for qualitative variables, and quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. Bivariate analysis was performed using t-student tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlations.

Results

75.0% of participants were women. In occupational balance the average was 36.5; meanwhile, 31.3% manifested symptoms of anxiety and 43.8% of depression.

Conclusions

Most of the professors were women, gender that was related to the care of older adults. The scores in occupational balance and the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms reflect the adjustments that the professors assumed during the confinement, in response to the increase in daily activities, the little variety between occupations that they wanted and had to do, and satisfaction with the job, rest and sleep time.

Keywords:
Anxiety; Depression; Occupational Therapy; Activities of Daily Living; COVID-19; Faculty

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
Gender
Man	8	25.00
Woman	24	75.00
Marital Status
Married	11	34.38
Single	14	43.75
Common-law marriage	7	21.88
Age
20 to 29 years old	8	25.00
30 to 39 years old	16	50.00
40 to 49 years old	7	21.88
50 years old or more	1	3.13
City
Cali	31	96.88
Yumbo	1	3.13
Socioeconomic status
Low	3	9.38
Average	23	71.88
High	6	18.75
Time linked to the institution
Less than 1 year	7	21.88
1 to 3 years	13	40.63
More than 3 and up to 5 years	6	18.75
More than 5 years	6	18.75
Caring for children during quarantine
No	21	65.63
Yes	11	34.38
Taking care of older adults during quarantine
No	23	71.88
Yes	9	28.13
Taking care of adults with chronic pathologies during quarantine
No	26	81.25
Yes	6	18.75

Variable	Average (EB)
Balance between the things I do for myself and others	2.53 (1.27)
The activities I do every day make sense to me	4.06 (0.95)
I make sure I do the things I want to do	3.40 (0.91)
I maintain a balance between the different activities of my daily life	2.41 (1.32)
I have variety between what I do alone and what I do with others	2.75 (1.59)
I have enough things to do in a regular week	4.34 (0.90)
I have enough time to do the things I have to do	2.43 (1.27)
I maintain a balance between physical, social, and intellectual activities and rest	2.25 (1.27)
I am satisfied with the time I dedicate to the activities I do	2.44 (1.19)
I am satisfied with the number of activities that I do in a typical week	2.66 (1.31)
I have variety between the things I should do and the things I want to do	2.63 (1.34)
I have a balance between the activities that give and those that take away energy	2.34 (1.12)
I am satisfied with the time dedicated to rest and sleep	2.28 (1.37)
Mean score of the occupational balance scale	36.53 (12.45)

Variable	Frequency	Percentage
*Global classification of anxiety level*
Anxiety is not observed	22	68.75
Symptoms of mild anxiety are seen	10	31.25
Mean anxiety scale score*	3.22 (2.56)
*Global classification of the depression scale*
No presence of depression	18	56.25
Mild symptoms	12	37.50
Moderate symptoms	2	6.25
*Depression Scale Mean Score* ^* * Average (Standard deviation).	4.38 (2.80)

Variable	n	Average	(SD)	p-Value
*Gender*
Man	8	37.88	(15.82)	0.73
Woman	24	36.08	(11.49)	0.73
*Marital Status*
Married	14	34.50	(12.25)	0.32
Single	11	35.09	(10.94)
Common-law marriage	7	42.86	(14.74)
*Age*
20 to 29 years old	8	32.00	(11.10)	0.18
30 to 39 years old	16	36.44	(13.47)
40 to 49 years old	7	38.57	(8.96)
50 years old or more	1	60.00	-
*Socioeconomic status*
Low	3	35.33	(9.24)	0.02
Average	23	33.57	(12.11)
High	6	48.50	(8.34)
*Time linked to the institution*
Less than 1 year	7	38.57	(11.04)	0.60
1 to 3 years	13	36.38	(10.83)
More than 3 and up to 5 years	6	30.83	(16.71)
More than 5 years	6	40.17	(13.93)
*Caring for children during quarantine*
No	21	35.62	(11.29)	0.57
Yes	11	38.27	(14.87)	0.57
*Taking care of older adults during quarantine*
No	23	35.04	(11.70)	0.28
Yes	9	40.33	(14.21)	0.28
*Taking care of adults with chronic pathologies during quarantine*
No	26	36.23	(12.61)	0.78
Yes	6	37.83	(12.83)	0.78
*Anxiety scale score*	32	0.042		0.82
*Depression scale score* ⁺ + Pearson correlation coefficient	32	-0.047		0.80

Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Terapia Ocupacional Rodovia Washington Luis, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, CEP: , 13565-905, São Carlos, SP - Brasil, Tel.: 55-16-3361-8749 - São Carlos - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cadto@ufscar.br

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[1] Author’s Contributions

Mayling Calvo-Paz: Introduction, discussion (depression and anxiety), conclusions, limitations, and recommendations. Juliana Guevara-Ramírez: Introduction, discussion (occupational balance), results, and conclusions. Jhoan Sebastián Zapata-López: Statistical analysis, methodology, limitations and recommendations, and review of the results. Diana Lorena Realpe-Martinez: Introduction, discussion (occupational balance), results, and conclusions. All authors approved the final version of the text.