Professional practices in occupational therapy, health and work: a scope review

Gomes, Victória Colombo; Lancman, Selma; Rocha, Thainá Oliveira; Bicudo, Sofia Pinto Bueno de Campos; Barros, Juliana de Oliveira

doi:10.1590/2526-8910.cto407139841

person Victória Colombo Gomes

review · cleaning, data presentation, and analysis processes · reviewed · approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

0009-0006-7809-7078

person Selma Lancman

co-authored the research project · contributed to the critical analysis of the article · review · approval of the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

0000-0003-4094-5861

person Thainá Oliveira Rocha

scoping review process · reviewed · approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

0000-0002-1692-1029

person Sofia Pinto Bueno de Campos Bicudo

review · cleaning, data presentation, and analysis processes · reviewed · approved the final version of the text

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

0009-0009-0290-4832

person Juliana de Oliveira Barros

wrote the research project · supervised the development of the study · contributed to the bibliographic review · data collection and analysis · review · approval of the final version of the manuscript

schoolUniversidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.

0000-0002-4453-7809

personCorresponding author Juliana de Oliveira Barros e-mail:
juliana.obarros@usp.br

Section editor

Profa. Dra. Roseli Esquerdo Lopes

DeCS terms and computers

(((“Occupational Therapy” OR “Occupational Therapies” OR “Therapies, Occupational” OR “Therapy, Occupational”) AND (“Occupational Health” OR “Employee Health” OR “Health, Employee” OR “Health, Occupational” OR “Occupational Safety” OR “Safety, Occupational” OR Work OR Works OR Worker OR Workers)) AND (Practice OR Practices OR Intervention OR Interventions OR Action OR Actions)) AND (Health)))

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Case Reports, Classical Article, Clinical Conference, Clinical Study, Clinical Trial, Clinical Trial Protocol, Clinical Trial, Phase I, Clinical Trial, Phase II, Clinical Trial, Phase III, Clinical Trial, Phase IV, Controlled Clinical Trial, Interview, Periodical Index, Randomized Controlled Trial, from 2014 - 2023 Sort by: Most Recent

	Title	Author (Year)	Country	Periodical	Language	Methodology	Objective
1	Atividades grupais e saúde do trabalhador: uma análise terapêutica (Free translation: Group activities and workers' health: a therapeutic analysis)	Alfaia dos Santos et al. (2015)	Brazil	Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional	Portuguese	Experience report, with a qualitative approach	Report the importance of group activities in workers' health as an intervention approach in Occupational Therapy
2	How do Occupational therapists assess work readiness among mental health consumers	Choudhary et al. (2015)	Canada	Occupational Therapy in Mental Health	English	Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study	To explore the processes occupational therapists use to determine work readiness among mental health service users.
3	Occupational therapists´ competencies utilised in Danish job centres	Christensen et al. (2021)	Denmark	Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Exploratory qualitative mixed methods study	Explore how occupational therapists working in Danish job centers describe their own skills and what other professionals ask of them.
4	Intervenções de terapia ocupacional junto aos sujeitos afastados do trabalho por LER/DORT (Free translation: Occupational therapy interventions for individuals away from work due to RSI/WMSD)	Baracho de Alencar (2015)	Brazil	Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional	Portuguese	Experience report, with a mixed approach	To report the experience of providing care during a professional internship in the Occupational Therapy course at the Federal University of São Paulo, at the Workers' Health Reference Center - CEREST, in Santos-SP, with individuals on leave from work due to RSI/WMSD.
5	Outcomes of an interdisciplinary return to work intervention including occupational therapy for mood and adjustment disorders: A single-arm clinical trial	Tanaka et al. (2023)	Japan	WORK	English	Quantitative clinical trial	To investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of an interdisciplinary return-to-work intervention, including Occupational Therapy. Furthermore, to explore the contributions of Occupational Therapy interventions to individuals who have taken medical leave due to mental health or work adjustment issues.
6	Pre-vocational therapy in mental health. Clients´ desired and achieved productivity status	Rennhack et al. (2021)	Switzerland	Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Quantitative study with short-term prospective design	To explore the desired and achieved productivity status among inpatients and those attending day hospitals in mental health services, who participate in pre-professional therapeutic interventions.
7	Return to work after stroke: a survey of occupational therapy practice patterns	Scott & Bondoc (2018)	USA	Occupational Therapy in Health Care	English	Descriptive, mixed methods study	To understand whether occupational therapists working with young people who have suffered a stroke are addressing the return to work and how, in addition to the professional competencies required in this professional practice, barriers and facilitators of this work
8	Work transitions after serious hand injury: Current occupational therapy practice in a middle-income country	Buchanan & van Niekerk (2022)	Australia	Australian Occupational Therapy Journal	English	Qualitative approach maximum variation sampling case study	To describe the clinical reasoning and practice of occupational therapists in maintaining and restoring the worker role in people with severe hand injuries from a developing and emerging countries perspective.
9	Workplace-based rehabilitation with garment workers: a multiple case study	Hoosain et al. (2022)	South Africa	WORK	English	Multiple case study with a quantitative approach	To determine the documented results of occupational therapy rehabilitation of seamstresses with upper limb injuries, carried out by students.
10	Habiliter les travailleurs À préserver leur santé mentale: Que font les ergothérapeutes? (Free translation: Enable labor problems to maintain their mental health: What are occupational therapists doing?)	Lecours & Groleau (2022)	Canada	Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy	French	Descriptive qualitative study	To describe the interventions carried out by occupational therapists regarding the empowerment of workers to preserve their mental health.
11	Occupational therapists’ shared decision-making behaviors with patients having persistent pain in a work rehabilitation context: A cross-sectional study	Coutu et al. (2015)	Canada	Patient Education and Counseling	English	Cross-sectional study	To assess the extent of shared decision-making by occupational therapists with individuals suffering from persistent pain in the workplace, regarding deliberation on the return-to-work process.
12	Iniciativas de geração de trabalho e renda, economia solidária e terapia ocupacional: aproximações possíveis e construções necessárias. (Free translation: Job and income generation initiatives, solidarity economy and occupational therapy: possible approaches and necessary constructions)	Morato & Lussi (2015)	Brazil	Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional	Portuguese	Qualitative study	Identify the challenges for developing practice in job and income generation initiatives within the mental health field; and verify how occupational therapists understand the link between solidarity economy initiatives and their respective professional practices.
13	Economia Solidária, Saúde Mental e a prática do terapeuta ocupacional: relatos de participantes de um grupo de geração de trabalho e renda. (Free translation: Solidarity Economy, Mental Health and the Practice of Occupational Therapist: Reports from Participants in a Work and Income Generation Group).	Ferro et al. (2015)	Brazil	Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional	Portuguese	Experience report of a qualitative approach, based on exploratory field research	Report the experience of a 3-year internship by Occupational Therapy students from the Federal University of Paraná with the Arnaldo Gilberti Association in a work and income generation group focused on the social inclusion of people with mental disorders.
14	Inter-sectoral work practice in Zimbabwe: Professional competencies required by occupational therapists to facilitate work participation of persons with disabilities	Mavindidze et al. (2021)	Zimbabwe	Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Qualitative exploratory study	Explore what practical skills less experienced occupational therapists need to meet the work demands of people with disabilities
15	Occupational Therapy and Public Safety Personnel: Return to Work Practices and Experiences	Edgelow et al. (2023)	Canada	Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Exploratory sequential mixed-method study	Explore therapeutic practices and personal experiences of occupational therapists working with public safety professionals who have work-related mental health issues
16	Interdisciplinary Trauma-focused Therapy and Return-to-work Support for A Police Officer with Work-related PTSD: A Case Study	Torchalla & Killoran (2022)	Canada	Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy	English	Descriptive case study	Demonstrate how interdisciplinary trauma-focused therapy can facilitate recovery from PTSD and return to work, and highlight specific components that may be helpful in treating police officers or first responders with work-related PTSD.
17	“Today I felt like my work meant something”: A pilot study on job crafting, a coaching-based intervention for people with work limitations and disabilities	Sundar & Brucker (2021)	USA	WORK	English	Pilot study of a mixed-method concurrent explanatory model	To test the effectiveness of job crafting* as an Occupational Therapy intervention strategy for workers with health conditions and impairments
18	What is the value of occupational therapy in return to work for breast cancer patients? A qualitative inquiry among experts	Désiron et al. (2015)	Belgium	European Journal of Cancer Care	English	Qualitative study	Explore expert opinion on occupational therapy interventions for return to work for people with breast cancer
19	Current occupational therapy scope of practice in the work-to-retirement transition process: An Australian study	Eagers et al. (2022)	Australia	Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Qualitative descriptive study with thematic analysis	Explore: 1. the experiences and perceptions of occupational therapists working with people transitioning from work to retirement; 2. scope of practice of occupational therapy with the population transitioning from work to retirement; 3. factors that influence the current scope of practice of occupational therapists with this population
20	Workplace mental health: Current practice and support need of Ontario occupational therapists	Moll et al. (2018)	Canada	Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy	English	Cross-sectional mixed-method study	To explore the current and potential roles of occupational therapists in mental health work in Ontario and their perceptions of the challenges they encounter, as well as their needs for practical support.
21	Taking an active role in my health and safety at work”: An illustration of community occupational therapy practice in the promotion of workplace health	Lecours & Therriault (2017)	Canada	Occupational Therapy Now	English	Qualitative study	Illustrate how occupational therapists can work to ensure health promotion in the workplace
22	Os trabalhadores do contexto hospitalar em tempos de pandemia: singularidades,travessias e potencialidades. (Free translation: Hospital workers in times of pandemic: singularities, transitions and potentialities).	Lancman et al. (2021)	Brazil	Interface – Comunicação, Saúde, Educação	Portuguese	Experience report on a qualitative approach	To present singularities, crossings and potentialities that emerged through the construction and development of the Occupational Therapy, Health and Work Program (ProTost) during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a university hospital.

	Population	Context	Initial complaint	Actions	Duration time	Stakeholders	Barriers/challenges	Expected results
1	Former inmates of the penitentiary system	Associação Polo Produtivo do Pará- Fábrica Esperança (Núcleo de Reinserção Social, Diretoria Comercial e Restaurante) Free translation: Pará Productive Center Association - Fábrica Esperança (Social Reintegration Center, Commercial Board and Restaurant)	Lack of integration among factory employees and difficulties in relationships between employees	Group activities that applied relaxation techniques, body therapy and workplace stretching, the interventions were changed to integration actions among workers, through reflective, playful and recreational group dynamics	3 weekly meetings, a total of 15 occupational therapy interventions, with an average duration of 30 to 40 minutes each intervention.	Workers, occupational therapist and department heads (administrators, administrative assistants and nutritionists; social services and psychology)		Improve the dynamics of interpersonal relationships, organizations in the work environment and consequently improve the quality of work
2	People with mental health problems who are hospitalized or receiving support in community services	Hospital settings, both outpatient and inpatient, and community mental health organization	Interest in returning to work or starting a new job	Assessment of the user's readiness for the job, based on the following factors: 1) client motivation; 2) cognitive skills; 3) interpersonal skills; 4) responsibility. Informal interviews and observation are conducted. They also assess the work and their responsibilities, assessing the work environment and availability for support or changes.		Mental health clients, occupational therapists, and the Ontario Disability Support Program	There is a lack of a structured method or guidelines for assessing whether a client's return to work is feasible. Clients who receive the benefit are inflexible about returning to work.
3	Individuals who are on long-term medical leave due to physical disabilities, mental health issues, and social issues	Danish Employment Center		Occupations that are important to citizens are assessed using the zone of proximal development technique, as are work activities. The occupational therapist conducts workplace visits to adjust environmental demands to the individual's abilities, proposing ergonomic changes. They provide and finance assistive devices and support their use at work. They facilitate collaboration between employment centers and health centers.	One consultation and the user returns to work, with the possibility of a consultation after returning if necessary.	Citizens, occupational therapists, rehabilitation staff and employers		Return of the individual to a work environment and offer strategies for their permanence
4	Subjects affected by RSI/WRMD with chronic symptoms	Occupational Health Reference Center - CEREST, in Santos-SP	Pain when performing tasks, fast pace of work, physical demands and few breaks	Individual sessions included therapeutic touch, bodywork, relaxation, postural guidance, and reflective and expressive activities through reflective therapeutic games, painting, drawing, and collages. Interdisciplinary groups were also possible, with themes emerging from conversations/ discussions. Expressive practices such as collage, drawing, film, and other activities were used. Critical situations in BADLs and IADLs were simulated through theater, providing guidance on prevention in ADLs.	172 individual sessions and 84 group sessions, divided into two thematic workshops with 10 to 13 groups per semester, each lasting an hour and a half	Users, occupational therapists, psychologists and the client's family members	Consecutive absences of patients, lack of discussion and action with multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams	Enable the overcoming of difficulties and discovery of new skills, pain management, improvement of body awareness, minimization of limitations in BADLs and IADLs; promote bonds and social support networks
5	Subjects with Mood Disorder (Depression, Bipolar Disorder) and Adjustment Disorder	Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University Hospital		Group and individual sessions, such as cooking, sports activities, team competitions, challenges, and event planning and management. In individual sessions, occupational therapists conduct individual support plans, developed in collaboration with the client. Additionally, clients receive tasks using constitutive manual activities and computers, and work environment adjustments and family guidance. Assistance is provided in balancing their occupations and practicing interpersonal relationships. Training is provided to activate their functions, such as spatial perception and complex cognitive tasks.	Two programs: the first took place three times a week for the whole day, and the second took place twice a week for half a day—a total of five times a week. The duration was three months.	Multidisciplinary team (psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker and pharmacist), client, family members and occupational therapists		Return to work and job skills training
6	People suffering from mental illness who are hospitalized or receiving treatment at a Day Hospital	Rehabilitation program took place during hospitalization and in day hospital	Getting a job in the regular labor market, leaving your current job to find a new one, starting education or training in the regular labor market, participating in an integration measure funded by disability insurance or social assistance. Uncertainty about which job suits your skills or conditions.	Individual sessions involve discussions on various work-related topics or the application of assessments based on the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO). Therapeutic groups have different focuses and focus on assessment, training, and reflection on work-related skills, including social skills, as well as sharing insights and experiences related to reintegration. The client and therapist jointly develop a treatment plan.		Occupational therapists, client and employer	Difficulties with the security system	Improve user productivity
7	Individuals who have suffered a stroke	Acute care hospitals, inpatient rehabilitation, specialized nursing, outpatient services, home care, and consultations		Interventions based on restorative/remedial treatments of motor, perceptual, visual, and cognitive skills. Use of graduated/simulated work-based activities. Actions to inform about the impacts of stroke, recommend work environment modifications, prescribe assistive technology, and support during the adaptation period. Education about work-related services and assistance in understanding labor laws and advocating on the patient's behalf. Occupational therapists perform emotional regulation actions.		Client, family members, occupational therapists and the employer	Difficulties with the refund system	Reinsertion of the individual into the labor market
8	People with serious injuries to their hands	Tertiary hospitals, private clinics, community rehabilitation center, secondary hospital, community clinic and rehabilitation unit		Assessment of the client's ability and readiness to return to work, simulation of the client's work, and assessment of task performance. Conducting workplace visits to assess the types of adaptations needed; prescribing assistive technologies. Educating the client about their work activity and what could exacerbate the symptoms of their injuries, involving the client and the employer. Assistance in structuring their routine. Assessment of the compatibility of the user's injury with the work task - creating solutions that minimize the impact; management of trauma associated with return to work. Negotiation with the employer. Counseling on their rights and administrative steps.		Client, employer, family and occupational therapists	Complexity of injuries	Preserve the participation of individuals, reduce unfair and illegal dismissals and return to work
9	Textile industry workers	Workplace	Risk of developing work-related upper limb disorders	Psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),workstation adaptations, task modification, assistive technology, and exercises	Three to five individual work-based rehabilitation sessions of approximately 30 minutes each over a period of 4 to 6 weeks		Conflict between work hours and rehabilitation hours, poor record-keeping practices, and lack of post-intervention evaluation
10	Individuals in psychological distress	Quebec private clinics, outpatient services, rehabilitation centers		Adaptations to the work environment, conveying information to people in the workplace about user feedback. Education on stress, lifestyle habits, energy conservation principles, health status, and available resources. Disarming fears, anticipating relapses, encouraging involvement in the organization, encouraging the use of support services, and promoting teamwork. Implementing coordinated actions with stakeholders, developing a partnership with the worker. Promoting occupational balance and developing communication skills. Use of diaries, presentations, verbalizations, and motivational interviews. Relaxation techniques, schedule management apps, exploring meaningful activities, integrating leisure activities into the routine, and implementing a walking program. Simulation and role-playing to develop communication skills.		Other rehabilitation professionals, occupational therapist, worker, employer, insurer	Predominance of individualized approaches in occupational therapists' practice, compensation program policies limit occupational therapists' access to work environments - little influence on the work environment and mentality/ production values	Helping individuals remain in their jobs with the least impact on their mental health, maintaining the bond between the worker and their work environment, and between workers
11	Working-age individuals (18-64 years), French speakers, on leave from work for 12 weeks or more due to persistent pain associated with a musculoskeletal disorder, and beginning vocational rehabilitation. Note: Individuals with specific musculoskeletal disorders, such as recent fractures, metabolic diseases, neoplasia, inflammation, or infection of the spinal column, were excluded.	Public and private clinics in Quebec, Canada		Shared decision-making consists of 12 behaviors performed by the occupational therapist: 1. Identifying and drawing attention to a problem; 2. Emphasizing that there is more than one way to address the problem; 3. Evaluating the client's preferred approach; 4. Listing the options, which may include “no action”; 5. Explaining the pros and cons of the options presented; 6. Exploring the client's expectations; 7. Exploring the client's concerns and fears; 8. Checking whether the client truly understood the information provided; 9. Providing clear opportunities for the client to ask questions; 10. Eliciting from the client the level of participation they desire; 11. Indicating the need for a decision-making stage; and 12. Indicating the need to review the decision made.		User, occupational therapist, insurer (who decides the type of rehabilitation program and provides salary replacement), employers		That shared decision-making facilitated by patient decision aids would respond to the needs of workers, and reduce the power disparity in the therapist-patient relationship.
12		Ten job and income generation initiatives distributed across 5 cities in the state of São Paulo		Workshop coordinators; administrative activities; activities related to the organization and execution of the production process; and participation in trade shows and marketing events; mediating relationships within the group. Activities related to mental health care and therapeutic activities. Networking. Participating in bureaucratic activities. Partnering with other professionals. Facilitating entry into/return to the formal job market.			Structuring and executing production - involves knowledge centers that can extrapolate the theoretical framework of the occupational therapist, a process of constructing work in mental health that leads to questions and diverse opinions
13	Participants in a job and income generation group for 6 (six) months or more	Curitiba Income Generation Group in partnership with the Arnaldo Gilberti Association	Difficulty entering the formal capitalist labor market	Assist the group in its self-organization; promote group structuring; encourage participants to self-manage and develop individuals capable of exercising the Solidarity Economy. Occupational therapists act as mediators of the construction. Offer support and guidance to users. Ensure clarity regarding the group's objective—work—and meet its demands, while facilitating the participation of all stakeholders. The therapist's role is to work in the policy field to strengthen initiatives on different fronts.	The frequency of meetings is determined by your orders, varying from two to three times to every day of the week, with an average duration of 3-4 hours per meeting.	User, occupational therapist, family, other services in the assistance network (such as CAPS, SESC)	Income generation and strengthening of the Solidarity Economy
14	People with disabilities with work-related issues	Cross-sectoral initiative services in Zimbabwe		Interpret policies and legislation and use them coherently; understand the actions of the intersectional team and work accordingly; analyze and evaluate the performance of the user, the environment, and different processes; conduct follow-ups with the user and other stakeholders; communicate effectively; manage effectively; behave professionally and have a critical awareness, capable of self-reflection.		Family, user, employer and other sectors depending on the context in which the client is inserted	There is limited space for occupational therapists to practice and low engagement with existing market practice.
15	Public safety workers experiencing psychological distress	Service was offered in clients' homes, workplaces and mostly in communities	Mental health complaints related to work activities/ work environment	Psychoeducation, re-engagement in meaningful activities, focusing on routine and structure of daily life, teaching coping skills, and symptom management techniques. The most commonly used treatments included coping skills development, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), education, and exposure therapy. Occupational treatments included cognitive work strengthening, connections with community resources, education, assessed work exposure, and return-to-work planning. Coping-focused treatments included meditation, relaxation, and self-regulation strategies.		Occupational therapists, psychologists, case managers, workers, psychiatrists, employers, clinicians, nurses, social workers	Tensions regarding autonomy in setting clients' therapeutic goals and commitment to therapy; internal pressure from managers to list exposure therapy and return to work as goals, even if occupational therapists do not feel it is appropriate for the client at the time; difficulty communicating within the team and between stakeholders; stigma; lack of support from employers; COVID-19 pandemic
16	Police officer with work-related post-traumatic stress disorder	British Columbia Compensation Council and Clinic	Experience of several traumatic events throughout my career as a police officer	Prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and cognitive therapy for PTSD. She also worked with education, improving functionality in areas such as self-care, leisure, and productivity, and developing and supervising a gradual return-to-work plan. She identified, discriminated, and confronted triggers, as well as visiting trauma sites while using safety behaviors. She also worked with a gradual return-to-work plan and a relapse prevention plan.	The treatment program is 8 to 12 weeks.	Occupational therapist and psychologist
17	Workers with mental or physical health problems and impairments		Work limitations due to mental or physical health conditions and disabilities	Job crafting - a process by which employees take active steps in defining and designing their own work experiences in a personal and meaningful way. It occurs in three stages: 1. Task crafting, 2. Relational crafting, 3. Cognitive crafting. It is based on coaching.	One to two weeks of 20- to 30-minute activities to be completed at home and two 30- to 40-minute in-person meetings. The final phase lasts five consecutive days.			Improve self-efficacy, work engagement, organizational citizenship, and behavior development among workers with work limitations and disabilities
18	Breast cancer patients		Work leave due to breast cancer	Bridging the gap between work and health. The occupational therapist should be part of a multidisciplinary team, conducting workplace visits and contacts with relevant stakeholders, and using goal-setting to implement unique and individualized rehabilitation, linking skills assessment and work.		Occupational therapist, physiotherapist, psychologist, physician, social worker	Organizational barriers; lack of legitimacy of the work of occupational therapists; lack of knowledge about the importance of rehabilitation for return to work; organization of the health system; lack of integrated care; complication of the administrative system; the lack of experience that occupational therapists have in this area of care; and the lack of financial support
19	Workers in the process of transitioning to retirement	Private clinic, academy, government, community, hospital, NGO	Transition: Work to Retirement	Approaches: Add-on approach, over-the-counter stylistic approach, and talk-based therapy. Facilitate physical and mental health, job redesign, and flexible work practices to retain older workers. Discuss the impact of retirement on social relationships, timing, and support in finding other meaningful activities to incorporate into one's routine, and plan for the future. Tailor work-to-retirement transition services to meet individual needs.		Other healthcare professionals, client, workplace	Lack of clarity about the practice of occupational therapists and other professionals and lack of funding
20	Workers with mental health issues in the workplace		Work impacts due to: Mood disorders (69.5%), anxiety disorders (64.2%), chronic pain (23.2%) and psychotic disorders (22.1%)	Return to work, health promotion, adaptations, recreation and cognitive functional assessment, reactivation, cognitive functioning assessment, accommodations, psychotherapy, cognitive work hardening, job coaching, training, job search, early intervention, disability case management, physical work hardening, and policies		Client, health plan, employer, occupational therapist	Limited funding and training and lack of awareness of the role of Occupational Therapy, also communication between different parties
21	Students	Vocational training apprenticeship programs	I want resources more adapted to the reality of their profession, in order to improve the teachings they offer to students about workplace health.	Offering workshops based on the principles of prevention and health promotion in the workplace, the skills developed were: 1. Understanding how my body works and recognizing the symptoms of health problems; 2. Detecting and preventing health or safety risks at work; and 3. Maintaining my health at work	Three 60-minute workshops	Teachers, students and occupational therapists
22	University hospital workers	University Hospital (Human Resources Department, Hospital Superintendence, Occupational Health Assistance Service, Hospital Infection Control Committee, workers and their managers)	COVID-19 pandemic	Create projects, such as ProTost, which seek to develop actions to promote health and prevent illness and absences; foster supportive relationships among workers and monitor return-to-work processes; understand, through activity analysis, aspects of work conditions and organization that could be causing deleterious effects on workers' health and lives, as well as work situations at the university hospital; and understand the relationships between coworkers and between workers and managers, fostering dialogue and listening.	In total, 52 sessions were held	Workers from different sectors of the University Hospital and occupational therapists

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Job crafting is a proactive, capabilities-based, bottom-up approach where workers renegotiate and redefine their work tasks in meaningful and personal ways.

Professional practices in occupational therapy, health and work: a scope review

Abstract