Abstract
Introduction: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a marker of atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, there are few studies on factors associated with CIMT in specific populations.
Objective: The goal was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with CIMT in adults and elderly people in southern Brazil.
Method: Cross-sectional population-based study, with 2,488 people between 20 and 79 years old, from the Study of Health in Pomerode, Brazil (SHIP-Brazil). The CIMT was evaluated by ultrasonography, and altered thickening was defined by values ≥0.90 mm. The independent variables involved sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle, health conditions, and chronic diseases. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression with estimates of prevalence ratios (PR) and confidence intervals were used.
Results: The prevalence of high CIMT was 10.9% higher in the elderly (42.5%) when compared to adults (4.7%), and higher in men (13.2%) than in women (8.7%). Among the adults, being male (PR=1.75), being an ex-smoker (PR=2.06), smoker (PR=2.15), having a high waist-to-hip ratio (PR=2.09), hypertension (PR=2.19), and carotid plaque (PR=2.34) were associated with elevated CIMT. In the elderly, being male (PR=1.33), insufficiently active (PR=1.39), having a high waist-to-hip ratio (PR=1.34) and plaque (PR=1.54) were associated with high CIMT.
Conclusion: Actions to prevent and control high CIMT involve increasing the level of physical activity, smoking cessation, preventing hypertension, and reducing excess abdominal fat.
Keywords:
carotid intima-media thickness; carotid artery diseases; cardiovascular diseases; heart disease risk factors; risk factors
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