Alpha-amylase supplementation improves broiler performance and intestinal health under reduced metabolizable energy conditions

Bruch, Claudia Aloisa; Andrade, Thiago dos Santos; Rohloff Junior, Nilton; Ribeiro, Thiago Pereira; Vargas Junior, José Geraldo de; Nunes, Ricardo Vianna

doi:10.1590/1413-7054202448015824

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Animal Science and Veterinary • Ciênc. agrotec. 48 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202448015824 linkcopy

Alpha-amylase supplementation improves broiler performance and intestinal health under reduced metabolizable energy conditions

A suplementação com alfa-amilase melhora o desempenho de frangos de corte e a saúde intestinal em condições de energia metabolizável reduzida

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Alpha-amylase improves carbohydrate digestion, increasing the available energy to maximize the performance of broiler chickens. This study evaluated the inclusion of alpha-amylase in diets with metabolizable energy (ME) valorization on growth performance, carcass yield, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 640 male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and eight repetitions of 20 birds each. The treatments were: PC (positive control), NC (negative control with a reduction of 100 kcal ME per kg diet), 100g-AA (NC + 100 g alpha-amylase per kg of diet), and 200g-AA (NC + 200 g alpha-amylase per kg diet). At 42 days, broiler chickens in the PC and supplemented groups (100g-AA and 200g-AA) showed better ME utilization, and at 21 and 42 days, greater weight gain (P<0.05). Broiler chickens supplemented with 100g-AA and 200g-AA had better digestibility of dry matter, ash, and gross energy (P<0.05) at 42 days. The ileal digestibility of starch was higher in the 100g-AA and 200g-AA groups compared to the PC group (P<0.10) at 42 days. The concentration of butyric acid in the cecal content was higher in the 200g-AA group compared to the PC group (P<0.05) at 35 days. Supplementation of alpha-amylase in diets with reduced ME is a viable strategy to optimize the performance of broiler chickens.

Index terms:
Energy; enzyme; fatty acids; growth; poultry

¹Treatments	Feed intake (g)	Weight gain (g)	Feed conversion ratio (g g^-1)	²EMEU
PC	1301^a	997^a	1.306^a	3.85^a
NC	1263^b	923^b	1.369^b	3.95^b
100g-AA	1261^b	940^b	1.340^b	3.82^a
200g-AA	1245^b	930^b	1.340^b	3.83^a
³SEM	31.24	19.92	0.02	1.63
⁴P value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.004

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[TFN1] ¹PC: Positive control feed. ²NC: Negative control with a reduction of 100 kcal of metabolizable energy per kg of diet. ³Bentonite. ⁴Vitamin supplement, composition per kg of product: Vit. A (min) 32000 IU; Vit. D₃ (min) 8000 IU; Vit. E (min) 60000 IU; Vit. K3 (min) 6000 mg; Vit. B1 (min) 7200 mg; Vit B2 (min) 20000 mg; Vit. B6 (min) 9600 mg; Vit. B12 (min) 40000 mcg; pantothenic acid (min) 36000 mg; Niacin (min) 108000 mg; folic acid (min) 3300 mg; biotin (min) 160 mg; BHT 290 mg. ⁵Mineral supplement, composition per kg of product: Copper (min) 16 g; Iron (min) 100 g; Manganese (min) 140 g; Zinc (min) 120 g; Iodine (min) 1600 mg; Selenium (min) 600 mg. ⁶Inert: The inert used was kaolin-based, with the inclusion of the α-amylase (kg ton^-1).

Item (g/kg)	1 to 21 days		22 to 35 days		36 to 42 days
Item (g/kg)	PC¹	NC²	PC	NC	PC	NC
Corn 7.88%	554.02	564.72	565.96	589.32	570.70	593.97
Soybean meal 46%	343.26	341.40	295.01	290.91	239.73	235.63
Wheat bran	50.00	50.00	70.00	70.00	100.00	100.00
Soybean oil	15.95	1.00	38.11	18.86	52.31	33.07
Limestone (36%)	11.33	11.34	10.45	10.48	9.65	9.67
Dicalcium phosphate (18%)	10.62	10.61	8.15	8.13	5.58	5.55
Sodium chloride	4.38	4.27	3.83	3.82	3.37	3.36
Lysine sulfate (60%)	3.71	3.76	2.92	3.04	3.46	3.58
DL- methionine (99%)	3.11	3.10	2.41	2.28	2.11	2.08
L-threonine (99%)	1.07	1.07	0.71	0.71	0.74	0.74
Adsorbent³	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Vitamin premix⁴	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Mineral premix⁵	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Inert⁶	0.20	6.38	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Choline chloride 60%	0.50	0.50	0.40	0.40	0.30	0.30
Phytase	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Celite					10.00	10.00
Nutritional composition
Met. energy (kcal kg^-1)	2950	2850	3100	3000	3200	3100
Crude protein (g kg^-1)	220.0	220.0	200.0	200.0	180.0	180.0
Starch (g kg^-1)	416.46	423.87	429.57	445.84	447.60	463.87
Crude fiber (g kg^-1)	37.76	37.85	36.69	36.90	36.13	36.33
Available phosphorus (g kg^-1)	4.50	4.50	4.00	4.00	3.50	3.50
Dig. lysine (g kg^-1)	12.00	12.00	10.50	10.50	9.50	9.50
Dig. meth. + cyst. (g kg^-1)	8.88	8.88	7.77	7.77	7.03	7.03
Dig. threonine (g kg^-1)	7.92	7.92	6.93	6.93	6.27	6.27
Dig. tryptophan (g kg^-1)	2.38	2.38	2.15	2.14	1.90	1.90
Calcium (g kg^-1)	9.00	9.00	8.00	8.00	7.00	7.00
Total choline (mg kg^-1)	16.16	16.171	14.61	14.63	12.99	13.02
Sodium (g kg^-1)	2.00	2.00	1.80	1.80	1.60	1.60
Chlorine (g kg^-1)	3.16	3.17	2.87	2.88	2.58	2.59

¹Treatments	²DM	³CP	⁴EE	Starch	Ash	⁵CE
¹Treatments	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(kcal/kg)
PC	89.9	19.9	8.1	48.9	6.0	4771
NC	89.9	19.6	6.3	51.0	5.6	4578
100g-AA	89.4	19.3	6.3	51.0	6.0	4598
200g-AA	89.9	19.4	6.3	51.2	6.2	4571

¹Treatments	Feed intake (g)	Weight gain (g)	Feed conversion ratio (g g^-1)	²EMEU	³PEI	Livability (%)
PC	5282	3366^a	1.565^a	4.81^a	506^a	97.50
NC	5198	3131^b	1.647^b	5.05^b	430^c	96.25
100g-AA	5187	3280^a	1.595^a	4.74^a	482^ab	97.50
200g-AA	5235	3282^a	1.595^a	4.78^a	459^b	93.75
⁴SEM	77.17	63.17	0.03	2.07	20.14	3.13
⁵P value	0.08	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.080

¹Treatments	²CY	³WY	⁴BFY	⁵LY	⁶RWAF	⁷RLW	⁸RPW
¹Treatments	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
PC	71.07^a	9.51	28.53	33.10	1.45	1.64	0.18
NC	69.48^b	9.54	28.48	32.88	1.46	1.67	0.17
100g-AA	69.77^b	9.71	28.46	32.75	1.25	1.68	0.18
200g-AA	68.94^b	9.75	28.50	32.26	1.57	1.79	0.17
⁹SEM	1.68	0.87	1.80	1.37	0.36	0.16	0.02
¹⁰P value	0.001	0.833	0.991	0.371	0.111	0.112	0.393

¹Treatments	²CPDC (%)	³EEDC (%)	⁴SDC (%)	⁵DMDC (%)	⁶ADC (%)	⁷GEDC (%)
PC	79.19	83.71	94.31	75.03^b	92.91^a	76.6^b
NC	80.35	84.44	93.04	75.90^b	92.31^b	76.9^b
100g-AA	80.41	85.37	94.18	77.29^a	93.16^a	79.1^a
200g-AA	79.91	83.45	93.96	77.23^a	93.42^a	78.8^a
⁸SEM	1.93	2.44	0.51	0.97	0.49	1.10
⁹P value	0.802	0.702	0.843	0.021	0.042	0.001

¹Treatments	²DP (%)	³DEE (%)	⁴DS (%)	⁵DDM (%)	⁶DA (%)	⁷DE (kcal/kg)
PC	15.8	6.7^a	46.1^B	67.7	6.2^b	3653^a
NC	15.5	5.3^b	47.4^B	68.9	5.7^c	3521^b
100g-AA	15.5	5.4^b	48.0^A	70.2	6.3^a	3637^a
200g-AA	15.5	5.3^b	48.1^A	69.6	6.5^a	3620^a
⁸SEM	0.32	0.16	0.32	1.21	0.03	50.83
⁹P value	0.582	0.001	0.082	0.102	0.001	0.001

¹Treatments	Duodenum			Jejunum
¹Treatments	²CD (μm)	³VH (μm)	⁴VCR	CD (μm)	VH (μm)	VCR
PC	136.89^b	1054.44^a	7.71^b	122.23	715.24	5.83
NC	108.55^c	1036.95^a	9.55^a	125.52	723.62	5.76
100g-AA	110.72^c	854.83^b	7.74^b	132.01	735.72	5.58
200g-AA	153.54^a	1033.71^a	6.75^b	129.00	717.71	5.55
⁵SEM	8.00	40.91	0.35	8.59	97.17	0.59
⁶P value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.232	0.905	0.602

¹Treatments	Propanoic	Isobutyric	Isovaleric	Acetic	Valeric	Butyric
¹Treatments	mmol kg^-1	mmol kg^-1	mmol kg^-1	mmol kg^-1	mmol kg^-1	mmol kg^-1
PC	4.03	0.35	0.52	40.00^a	0.50^a	7.71^b
NC	3.49	0.40	0.53	30.07^b	0.37^b	5.07^c
100g-AA	4.20	0.33	0.50	34.55^ab	0.50^a	7.66^b
200g-AA	4.06	0.23	0.39	38.60^a	0.50^a	9.25^a
²SEM	0.08	0.02	0.03	0.82	0.02	0.35
³P value	0.263	0.213	0.493	0.001	0.010	0.001