Posição de plantio e da aplicação de diferentes doses de nitrogênio em diferentes épocas em mandioca

Neste estudo, avaliamos o impacto de duas posições de plantio de mudas de mandioca, cv. ‘Vassourinha’, combinada com diferentes épocas e doses de aplicação de nitrogênio, sobre a produtividade e outras características agronômicas. No experimento, o tratamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 × 4 com duas posições das estacas [horizontal (PH) e vertical (PV)], três momentos de aplicação de N (45, 90 e 135 dias após plantio) e quatro doses de N (0, 80, 160 e 240 kg ha^-1), com seis repetições. Registramos e avaliamos a altura da planta, o número de brotações, o diâmetro do caule, a biomassa da parte aérea, o número de raízes comerciais, a produção total e a índice de coleta. A adição de 240 kg ha^-1 de N e PH aumentou a altura das plantas e o diâmetro do caule, mas não afetou o número de raízes comerciais, a produção total ou o índice de coleta. O tratamento com adição de fertilizante nitrogenado 135 dias após o plantio com 240 kg ha^-1 de N e plantio no PV proporcionou a maior quantidade de biomassa da parte aérea sem influenciar a produtividade da cultura.

Palavras-chave:
Manihot esculenta; tecnologia de produção; métodos de plantio; aplicação de N.

Autoria

Jorge González Aguilera ^**Corresponding author: j51173@yahoo.com

Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Chapadão do Sul, MS, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMSBrazilChapadão do Sul, MS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul/UFMS, Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7308-0967

Bruna Izabel Krewer

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-3089

Newton Júnior Ribeiro

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-2696

Alan Mario Zuffo

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA, Balsas, MA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMABrazilBalsas, MA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA, Balsas, MA, Brasil

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-5325

Rafael Felippe Ratke

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-3913

Ahmed Youssef Elsayed

Horticulture Research Institute, Vegetables Breeding Dept., Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptHorticulture Research InstituteEgyptGiza, EgyptHorticulture Research Institute, Vegetables Breeding Dept., Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-2251

^*Corresponding author: j51173@yahoo.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Universidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA, Balsas, MA, BrasilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMABrazilBalsas, MA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do Maranhão/UEMA, Balsas, MA, Brasil

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (3)
Tabelas (4)

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Figure 1:
The rainfall, atmospheric temperature, and relative humidity during the experiment in Chapadão do Sul, MS, 2019/2020. The time of N application [45, 90, and 135 days after planting (DAP)], and cassava harvest are shown.

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Figure 2:
A comparison of the two planting strategies based on the planting position, (A) vertical and (B) horizontal, and the development of cassava shoots from the time of planting; Chapadão do Sul, MS.

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Figure 3:
The regression equations for the biomass of the aerial part when combining two positions of [horizontal (●) and vertical (▲)] cassava at different application times [45 (A), 90 (B), and 135 (C) days after planting (DAP)] as a function of different doses of nitrogen (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha^-1) under the conditions of Chapadão do Sul, MS, 2020.

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Table 1:
The main chemical properties of the soil used in the experiment under the environmental conditions of Chapadão do Sul.

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Table 2:
The analysis of variance and the p-value of some agronomic and yield traits in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ planted in two positions and treated with a nitrogen fertilizer at different doses and application times; Chapadão de Sul, MS.

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Table 3:
The mean performance of some agronomic and yield traits in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ planted in two positions under the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer with three application times; Chapadão de Sul, MS.

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Table 4:
The mean performance of the biomass of the aerial part (kg planta^-1) in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ for two planting positions under the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer and three application times, Chapadao do Sul, MS, 2020.

Figure 1: The rainfall, atmospheric temperature, and relative humidity during the experiment in Chapadão do Sul, MS, 2019/2020. The time of N application [45, 90, and 135 days after planting (DAP)], and cassava harvest are shown.

Figure 2: A comparison of the two planting strategies based on the planting position, (A) vertical and (B) horizontal, and the development of cassava shoots from the time of planting; Chapadão do Sul, MS.

Figure 3: The regression equations for the biomass of the aerial part when combining two positions of [horizontal (●) and vertical (▲)] cassava at different application times [45 (A), 90 (B), and 135 (C) days after planting (DAP)] as a function of different doses of nitrogen (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha^-1) under the conditions of Chapadão do Sul, MS, 2020.

Table 1: The main chemical properties of the soil used in the experiment under the environmental conditions of Chapadão do Sul.

Depth (m)	pH CaCl₂	OM (g dm^-3)	PMehlich^-1 (mg dm^-3)	H+Al	Al³⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K ⁺	CEC	S
Depth (m)	pH CaCl₂	OM (g dm^-3)	PMehlich^-1 (mg dm^-3)	----------------------------- cmolc dm^-3 -----------------------------						%
0.00 - 0.20	5.2	27.5	6.0	3.8	0.12	3.20	1.10	0.25	8.4	54.5
0.20 - 0.40	4.8	30.1	5.5	4.8	0.07	2.70	0.80	0.20	8.5	43.5

OM: Organic matter. CEC: cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0. V: Base saturation.

Table 2: The analysis of variance and the p-value of some agronomic and yield traits in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ planted in two positions and treated with a nitrogen fertilizer at different doses and application times; Chapadão de Sul, MS.

Source of variation	DF	p-value¹
Source of variation	DF	PHe (m)	NS (unit)	SD (mm)	BAP (kg plant^-1)	NCR (unit)	TP (t ha^-1)	CI (unit)
Time of N application (TNA)	2	0.31	0.71	0.99	0.16	0.13	0.61	0.62
Doses of N (ND)	3	0.04	0.24	0.04	0.03	0.22	0.17	0.86
Positioning (P)	1	0.04	0.08	0.004	0.05	0.60	0.36	0.11
TNA x ND	6	0.10	0.14	0.59	0.46	0.14	0.97	0.93
TNA x P	2	0.43	0.61	0.34	0.98	0.41	0.80	0.94
ND x P	3	0.25	0.22	0.47	0.27	0.73	0.82	0.97
TNA x ND x P	6	0.36	0.47	0.14	0.03	0.73	0.36	0.99
coefficient of variation (%)		9.25	26.42	10.01	8.89	4.95	5.31	19.55

¹Plant height (PHe), number of shoots (NS), stem diameter (SD), biomass of the aerial part (BAP), o number of commercial roots (NCR), total production (TP) and collection index (CI).

Table 3: The mean performance of some agronomic and yield traits in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ planted in two positions under the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer with three application times; Chapadão de Sul, MS.

Treatments	PHe¹ (m)	NS (unit)	SD (mm)	NCR (unit)	TP (t ha^-1)	CI (unit)
Time of N application (DAP)
45	2.07	1.69	24.46	7.41	28.42	0.38
90	2.02	1.80	24.42	6.41	31.33	0.33
135	2.40	1.80	24.50	6.42	36.39	0.33
P <0.05	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
N doses (kg ha^-1)
0	1.92 b	1.95	22.81 b	6.11	24.26	0.33
80	2.04 b	1.73	23.40 b	6.83	29.03	0.38
160	2.13 b	1.63	25.77 b	6.39	34.91	0.32
240	2.74 a	1.78	25.93 a	7.47	43.38	0.36
P <0.05		NS		NS	NS	NS
Positioning
Horizontal	2.60 a	1.91	23.72 a	6.76	38.46	0.29
Vertical	2.00 b	1.70	23.43 b	6.63	29.92	0.37
P <0.05		NS		NS	NS	NS

¹Plant height (PHe), number of shoots (NS), stem diameter (SD), number of commercial roots (NCR), total production (TP), and collection index (CI). DAP, days after planting. Different letters in the column represent significant differences by the Tukey test at P<0.05 probability.

Table 4: The mean performance of the biomass of the aerial part (kg planta^-1) in cassava cv. ‘Vassourinha’ for two planting positions under the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer and three application times, Chapadao do Sul, MS, 2020.

Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	Time of application (days after planting)	Positioning
Nitrogen (kg ha^-1)	Time of application (days after planting)	Horizontal	Vertical
0	45	1.98a	2.30a
	90	3.16a	1.45a
	135	2.71a	1.65a
80	45	2.15b	1.10a
	90	2.39b	1.70a
	135	3.95a	1.62a
160	45	2.01b	1.23b
	90	3.04b	3.24a
	135	3.54a	2.20b
240	45	3.71a	2.53b
	90	3.91a	2.31b
	135	2.20a	7.25a

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Posição de plantio e da aplicação de diferentes doses de nitrogênio em diferentes épocas em mandioca

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[1] ^*Corresponding author: j51173@yahoo.com