BRS 328 – Double haploid bread wheat cultivar

– The wheat cultivar ‘BRS 328’ was developed by Embrapa from a cross between KleinH3394 and PF 990744. The pre-(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:181)(cid:37)(cid:53)(cid:54)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:182)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:92)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)


INTRODUCTION
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an autogamous species with worldwide adaptation and highly significant for the Brazilian agriculture.Brazil currently consumes around 11 million tons of wheat a year, exceeding by far the national production of the cereal, which reached 4.3 million tons in 2012 (Conab 2013).
The breeding program of Embrapa Trigo aims to supply the production chain of this cereal with cultivars that are competitive in agronomic terms and suitably qualified for the different segments of the milling industry.'BRS 328' is a cultivar released in partnership with the Foundation for Pro-Seeds Research Support, a partner institution in the experimentation process, marketing and distribution of this Embrapa Trigo cultivar.'BRS 328' represents a significant advance in terms of stability of the baking quality, associated with resistance to pre-harvest sprouting.It is characterized by the incorporation of Argentine germplasm quality in Brazilian wheat and selection for high-molecular-weight glutenin to accelerate the development of the line.

BREEDING METHOD
'BRS 328' was derived from cross F68675, made in the winter of 2000 in a greenhouse of Embrapa Trigo, Passo Fundo, RS.The parents were the Argentine wheats "Klein H 3394 s 3110" and line PF 990744, also a descendant of backcrossing with Argentine wheat.In 2001, the F 1 generation was multiplied in a greenhouse in Passo Fundo, RS.In 2002, it was planted in the "Collection of special DHMs (Double-Haploid with maize)".A cob was emasculated and pollinated with maize pollen.The resulting embryo was transferred to an adequate growth medium in the laboratory, leading to a seedling that originated F1 DH (F68675-Z-20407-A).The F 1 generation, DH20407-A, generated three spikes that were planted in the winter of 2003; one of them gave rise to line PF 023186-C=A.In winter 2004, PF 023186-C=A was sown in an experimental field of Embrapa Trigo and participated in the collection of new double haploid wheat lines, with medium size and early maturity.In every generation, after threshing the selected plots, the seeds were visually selected.In this way, PF 023186-C=A was found to be outstanding in grain filling and separated for testing.2010).At pre-sowing the seeds of the trials were treated with triadimenol + imidacloprid.The trials were carried out in the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and southern Paraná, in the wheat adaptation regions "1" -Cold/ Wet/High and "2" -Moderately Hot/Humid/Low.
In 2007, 2008 and 2010, cultivar BRS 328 was compared with the controls BRS 208 and BRS Guamirim (based on the relative percentage of grain yield), using the closest qualitative identity as comparison parameter.In the consolidated performance, the relative grain yield percentage of BRS 328 was 101% (2007) 98% ( 2008) and 101% (2010), compared with the average of the two controls considered each year, and with performance equivalent to the mean of the controls used in the three test years (Table 1).The highest average grain yield of the variety was 5,254 kg ha -1 in 2008, while the overall average was 4,695 kg ha -1 'BRS 328' is an early maturing cultivar (132 days on average in Passo Fundo), moderately resistant/resistant to pre-harvest sprouting, moderately resistant to frost in the vegetative phase and to natural grain shattering and moderately susceptible to bacterial blight.In terms of biotic stresses, the cultivar is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) and spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and moderately susceptible to yellow spot, BYDV (Barley yellow dwarf virus), WMV (wheat mosaic virus) and lodging.The reaction to head blight (Fusarium  Cultivar BRS 328 (line PF 023186C=A) was preliminarily classified as Bread Wheat (W ≥ 220 x 10-4 or EST J ≥ 10 min and NQ ≥ 220 s), according to Instruction No. 38, 30/11/2010 (Table 3).Of the samples analyzed between 2006 and 2010, in the laboratory of grain quality of Embrapa Trigo, the average value of gluten strength (W) was 295 x 10 -4 J and elasticity index (Ie) was 52.7% in 28 samples originated from VCU test locations.For the Region of Adaptation (RA) 1, a mean value of 279 x 10 -4 J was found in 15 samples from the states of RS, SC and PR, resulting in a preliminary classification of bread wheat.For RA 2, the average W was 313 x 10 -4 J, in 13 samples from RS and SC, classified as described for RA 1.
The main morphological descriptors of BRS 328 are colorless auricles, and fusiform, awned spikes that are light colored when mature.The grain is predominantly elongated and red.The cultivar 'BRS 328' was recommended for cultivation in the regions of wheat adaptation 1 and 2 states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, and region 1 of the State of Paraná

BASIC SEED PRODUCTION
BRS 328 is registered and protected by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply under numbers 28231 and 20,120,159, respectively.Embrapa Trigo is responsible for the genetic seed of the cultivar, the Serviço de Negócios Tecnológicos da Embrapa (SNT) in charge of the basic seed and the member institutions of the Foundation for Pro-Seed Research Support, in partnership with Embrapa, responsible for the certified seed.
In 2005, the line PF 023186-C=A was evaluated in 19 Preliminary Test lines of Embrapa.For standing out in the Preliminary Test Network (EPR) in 2006, the line was promoted to VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) tests in 2007, in which it participated in 2007, 2008 and 2010.All tests were conducted in a randomized block design with three treated replications (fungicide and insecticide application to the aerial plant part) and one replication without treatment.The treated replications were considered for calculation of yield and the untreated replication to assess the genotypes responses to diseases at each location.Each experimental unit, consisting of one genotype, was sown in 5 rows of 5 m, spaced 0.2 m apart, with a total area of 5m².All cultural Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14: 65-67, 2014 PL Scheeren et al. practices were performed according to the technical information (Comissão Brasileira de Pesquisa de Trigo e Triticale Samples = number of samples in each region; FN= Falling number (s); W = Gluten strength (x 10 -4 Joules); L* = Luminosity (Minolta) -"0" = black and "100" = white; b = Color b (Minolta) -"+" = yellow and "-" = blue; P = tenacity or maximum rupture pressure; L= extensibility or mean of rupture absciss (mm); P/L = tenacity/extensibility ratio; EI = Elasticity index in percentage 1 Locais representantes da Region 1 -Passo Fundo/RS, Vacaria/RS, Victor Graeff/RS, Campos Novos/SC, Canoinhas/SC and Guarapuava/PR 2 Representative locations of Region 2 -São Borja/RS, Três de Maio/RS, Chapecó/SC and Abelardo Luz.

Table 2 .
Description of the main agronomic characteristics of wheat cultivar BRS 328 in comparison with the controls BRS Guamirim and BRS 208 40 , B 51 , B 52 , B 54 , B 55 , B 56 , B 57 , B 58 , and B 59 (in seedling phase) ² adult phase.Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology 14: 65-67, 2014 graminearum) is susceptible.For leaf rust (Puccinia triticina), the response to the races B40, B51, B52, B54, B55, B56, B57, B58 and B59 was classified as susceptible in tests in a controlled environment (growth chamber).A summary of the agronomic characteristics of cultivar BRS 328 compared with the controls Guamirim BRS 208 and BRS is shown in Table 2.

Table 3 .
Characteristics of milling quality of cultivar BRS 328 in the wheat adaptation regions 1 and 2