SCS121 CL: Rice cultivar resistant to herbicides of imidazolinone chemical group

Abstract

SCS121 CL is a second-generation Clearfield(r) rice cultivar with resistance to herbicides of the imidazolinone group. The cultivar has modern plant type, lodging resistance, late maturity cycle, high yield potential, long grains and good cooking quality. The cultivar is recommended to all rice-producer regions of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Key words:
Oryza sativa; clearfield, imazethapyr

INTRODUCTION

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is among the most widely consumed grains in the world, and controlling weed infestation is especially difficult in paddy rice. The main limiting factor to rice yield is weed rice, particularly red rice, which can severely reduce rice yield worldwide. The use of imidazolinone-resistant rice cultivars improve weed control, mainly spontaneous rice, reducing costs and labor associated with manual removal of red rice. Herbicide-resistant rice is particularly useful where rice is direct-seeded. Clearfield^(r) cultivars (CL) are resistant to inhibiting herbicides in the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) mode of action, providing an efficient opportunity to control red rice infestations. This technology is an important alternative for controlling the main weeds in irrigated rice fields.

SCS121 CL imidazolinone-resistant rice cultivar was developed by Epagri Rice Breeding Program with collaboration of Basf S.A. Industrial tests carried out with this cultivar showed that grains are suitable for parboiled and white rice. The cultivar is recommended to all rice-producer regions of Santa Catarina, including the pre-germinated crop system.

PEDIGREE AND BREEDING METHOD

SCS 121CL was derived from a single cross in 2001 between PCW16 line and Epagri108 cultivar. PCW16 line carries genes for resistance to herbicides of the Imidazolinones chemical group, such as Kifix(r). In 2002, backcrossing was carried out with SCH01-743 line, being Epagri 108 the recurrent parent; the F₁ resulting was named SCH01-1024. In the following year (2003), another backcross was carried out between SCH01-1024 and Epagri 108, giving rise to SCH02-1157. The seeds obtained in the last backcross of F₁RC₂ population were sown to form the F₂ population. F₂RC₂ generation plants showed genetic variability. From that, the process of selection started for phenotypic traits of interest, such as plant type, height, yield, grain type, grain number, panicle type, and especially resistance to herbicides of the Imidazolinones group. Seeds of plants selected in this population formed the F₃RC₂ generation, which, in turn, originated the F₄RC₂ generation. At this point, agronomic evaluations (potential of yield) and confirmation of resistance to herbicides of the Imidazolinones group were carried out. Seeds of the plants selected in F₄ formed lines routed to the preliminary assessment, F₅. During these stages, populations were subjected to favorable conditions for the occurrence of blast (Pyricularia oryzae), in order to select genotypes with disease tolerance. In the F₆ generation (2011/2012), the line received the name SC 742, and was evaluated for yield potential, lodging resistance, plant height, tolerance to iron toxicity, blast incidence and grain quality (Marschalek el al. 2008). SC 742 line was considered promising, and was registered in Epagri's linebank. Moreover, it was included in trials for assessing the Value for Cultivation and Use (VCU), carried out for two seasons (2012/13 and 2013/14) in Itajaí, Araranguá and Mirim Doce. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Scott-Knott test at 5%. SC 742 line showed uniformity, good milling yield and yield performance, it was suitable for white rice and parboiled rice. Besides, it presented lodging resistance, and moderate resistance to blast. Based on the performance in VCU trials, SC 742 line was released in 2014, as SCS121 CL.

PERFORMANCE

SCS121 CL is a rice cultivar of second-generation with resistance to Kifix(r), which is a herbicide of the Imidazolinones chemical group. This technology enables the control of most weeds present in rice fields with a single application of the herbicide, reducing the use of agrochemicals in rice fields. The agronomic characteristics of SCS121 CL cultivar are listed in Table 1. The assessments were based in Embrapa (1977). SCS121 CL is a modern plant type with late maturity life cycle (141 days), high tillering capacity, and hairy leaves. The cultivar is resistant to lodging, a trait considered essential to the water-seeded system that is commonly used in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The cultivar also presents intermediate abscission, moderate resistance to iron toxicity and moderate resistance to leaf and panicle blast disease. SCS121 CL presented in VCU trials (in Itajaí, Araranguá and Mirim Doce) mean yield of 8.51 t ha^-1, which is higher than the control groups (Table 2). SCS121 CL showed good processing performance and excellent characteristic regarding industrial performance. Due to its herbicide resistance, associated with good agronomic, industrial and sensory performance, this cultivar is recommended to all rice-producer in the region of Santa Catarina.

Table 1
Agronomic characteristics of SCS121 CL cultivar, observed in VCU trials (Itajaí, Araranguá and Mirim Doce), in 2013/2014

Table 2
Mean grain yield (t ha^-1) of SCS121 CL, Puitá INTA-CL, and SCS117 CL, in VCU trials (Itajaí, Araranguá and Mirim Doce), in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014

• Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different by the Scott-Knott's test at 5% probability.

OTHER CHARACTERISTICS

SCS121 CL has long and translucent grains with good milling quality and good cooking characteristics. Milling yield was 71.0% (Table 3). The evaluations for the industrial grain traits showed that the cultivar is suitable for parboiling process, and that both milled rice and parboiled grains presented glassy appearance. Cooking tests confirmed the excellent quality, since grains remain loose with soft texture, good aroma and normal taste. Sensory evaluation resulted in good consumer acceptance, both as parboiled and milled rice.

Table 3
Physical and chemical grain characteristics of SCS121 CL rice cultivar compared to SCS117 CL and Puitá INTA-CL

• Total: Total percentage of grain milled; AC: Percentage of amylose content; GT: Gelatinization temperature (I: intermediate, H: high); WB: White belly; L: Grain length; W: Grain width; T: Thickness; and L/W: Length width ratio

SEED MAINTENANCE AND DISTRIBUTION

SCS121 CL is protected by the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply) under the registration number 20150071. Genetic seed stock is kept in Epagri, at Itajaí Experiment Station, located at Rodovia Antônio Heil, n.6800, Itaipava, P.O. Box 277, CEP 88301-970, Itajaí, SC, Brazil. This cultivar is licensed to Basf and produced by Acapsa (Santa Catarina Rice Seed Producers Association).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This technology was financially supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (Fapesc). The authors are grateful to the farmer Albenor Giusti, who allowed carrying out experiments on his rice fields, as well as to technicians who contributed to the development of this new cultivar. The authors also thank the Associação Catarinense dos Produtores de Sementes de Arroz Irrigado (Acapsa), Sindicato das Indústrias de Arroz de Santa Catarina (Sindarroz-SC) and Embrapa Arroz e Feijão (CNPAF), for the chemical analysis of grains.

REFERENCES

• Embrapa (1977) Manual de métodos de pesquisa de arroz: 1a aproximação. Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Goiânia, 106p.
• Marschalek R, Vieira J, Schiocchet MA, Ishiy T, Bacha RE (2008) Melhoramento genético de arroz irrigado em Santa Catarina. Agropecuária Catarinense 21: 54-56.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  Dec 2015

History

• Received
  23 Oct 2014
• Accepted
  04 May 2015