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Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, Volume: 24, Issue: 3, Published: 2024
  • Genetic analysis and gene mapping of the purple glume tip trait in rice (Oryza sativa) Article

    Jin, Gang; Cai, Zhongquan; Chen, Yanxi; Ling, Ying; Wang, Liping; Mo, Deyuan

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract The purple glume-tip is an essential morphological marker for selective rice breeding, aiding in assisted selection and variety purification. However, the inheritance of purple glume-tip in japonica rice landrace Donglan Black Rice (DBR) has not yet been explored deeply. The F2 and F4 populations were constructed from crossing between Huazhan with colorless glume-tip and DBR to identify the associated genomic region(s). Genetic analysis displayed two highly comparable and perplexing phenotypes in the purple glume-tip of rice. Two significant genes with recessive epistasis predominantly regulated the two phenotypes. The two target gene loci were located in the intervals of 5315163-5316875 bp on chr6 and 27915598-27939357 bp on chr4, respectively, where reported genes associated with the purple color trait in rice, Os06g0205100 and Os04g0557500, are present. The two genes may be potential target genes. However, the role of Os04g0557500 in the glume-tip coloration remains unreported.
  • Applications of linear mixed models in Cynodon spp. Breeding Article

    Elizeu, Arthur Mayrink; Peixoto, Marco Antônio; Evangelista, Jeniffer Santana Pinto Coelho; Chaves, Saulo Fabrício da Silva; Nascimento, Emanuel Ferrari; Benites, Flávio; Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo; Dias, Kaio Olimpio das Gracas; Bhering, Leonardo

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Species of the genus Cynodon are among the most cultivated forage crops in the world due to their high yield and nutritional quality, and its use in cattle feeding has been associated with gains in animal weight and increased milk production. The objective of this study was to model covariance structures in Cynodon spp. clones and study the changes in ranking of the selected genotypes, since it is believed that affects the ranking of genotypes. A total of 202 genotypes were evaluated in an experiment conducted in an augmented block design with four replications and four harvests. The genotypes were assessed for plant height, green weight, percentage of dry matter, and plant vigor. Nineteen repeated measures models with different covariance structures were tested. The best-fitted model adopts the CORH covariance structure for the genetic effects. Correct modeling of the covariance structure affected the ranking of genotypes in all variables evaluated.
  • Molecular diversity, population structure analysis, and assessment of parent hybrid relationships in fodder maize Article

    Subramani, Palaniyappan; Nalliappan, Ganesan Kalipatty; Narayana, Manivannan; Veerasamy, Ravichandran; Natesan, Senthil

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Maize is considered one of the most important cereal fodder crops. Many studies on morphological diversity in fodder maize have been helpful in obtaining good heterotic hybrids. The current study focused on analysing diversity of 28 fodder maize inbreds with 30 SSR markers, which revealed total of 110 alleles; and their polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.064 to 0.745. Population structure analysis revealed four subpopulation groups with the ΔK value of 132.70. Clustering based on the pairwise dissimilarity coefficient grouped the genotypes into two major and four sub-clusters. The high dissimilarity (0.777) observed between DM 84 and UMI 1221 indicated that these two were highly divergent. Principal coordinate analysis also showed diverse nature of inbreds and corroborated the clustering pattern. Parental diversity and their heterosis performance revealed that parents with average or narrow divergence could be useful in obtaining hybrids with medium/early flowering and moderate/high crude protein content.
  • Identification of promising true sugarcane seed families to explore the possibility of direct commercial cultivation Article

    Kuberappa, Mallikarjun Puttappa; Patil, Sanjay Bandu; Ayyadurai, Anna Durai; Gangappa, Hanamaratti Nemappa; Patil, Chandragouda Rudragouda; Patil, Prakashgouda Venkangouda

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract True sugarcane seed (TSS) families offer economic, environmental, and practical advantages over clonal varieties. Identification of well-germinating and high-yielding TSS families to replace sett/settling planting is a prerequisite for direct commercial cultivation. Promising TSS families are identified through family selection, an efficient, proven, and cost-effective approach. A total of 139 crosses, with varying sets of 22, 51, and 66 crosses were produced in 2018-19, 2019-20, and 2020-21, respectively. Among the 66 TSS families evaluated, 18F02, 18F27, 19F25, 19F46, 20F10, and 20F11 outperformed the popular clonal check Co 86032, with moderate to low variability, within an acceptable range for cane (number of millable canes per clump ≥ 5.0; single cane weight ≥ 1.0 kg) and sugar (Brix% ≥ 18.0%; Sucrose% ≥ 15.0%) yield traits, accompanied by good fluff germination and seedling establishment parameters. These results implied the possibility of exploiting promising true seed-based families for commercial sugarcane cultivation.
  • Rapid generation advancement through speed breeding in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) Article

    Mitache, Mohammed; Baidani, Aziz; Zeroual, Abdelmonim; Bencharki, Bouchaib; Idrissi, Omar

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Speed breeding (SB) is an effective solution to enhance genetic gain. We advanced 14 intraspecific and interspecific lentil populations from F2to F6generation under a SB growth chamber applying an extended photoperiod of 18h light (23-25 °C)/6h darkness (14-16 °C). Six generations per year were achieved with an average generation cycle ranging from 62 to 76 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of SB in reducing generation time. More than 1500 F6-7single plant-row advanced lines obtained from the populations were grown as observation nurseries under field conditions for seed multiplication and preliminary selection prior to their introduction in yield trials in the perspective of identifying new improved varieties. In addition to higher genetic gain, the SB method is resource efficient and easy to implement in small-scale breeding programs. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing effective implementation of SB protocol in lentil breeding pipeline in Africa and the Middle East.
  • Selection methods to optimize the gain and genetic diversity in Pinus caribaea var. caribaea Article

    Zulian, Daniele Fernanda; Souza, Bruno Marchetti de; Gonzalez, Darlin; Cambuim, Jose; Silva, Alexandre Marques da; Alves, Patrícia Ferreira; Lopes, Maria Teresa Gomes; Moraes, Mario Luiz Teixeira de; Aguiar, Ananda Virginia de

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract We estimated genetic parameters of two Pinus caribaea var. caribaea progeny tests based on growth traits aiming at the identification of the best selection strategy. This study was conducted in two progeny tests located in Selvíria (MS), Brazil. Tests were set up in block design, one with 76 progenies (area 1) and the other with 99 progenies (area 2). Genetic parameters were estimated using the SELEGEN software through REML/BLUP method. To estimate the genetic gain through selection, four selection methods and ten selection intensities were tested. The intensity of selection that maximizes genetic gain and genetic diversity was calculated by the optimization point. Significant variation was observed between and with progeny for all traits in area 2 and only within plots for height in area 1. Higher values of heritability were observed in area 1. Considering the optimization of selection, the best selection method for both areas was the individual.
  • Genetic improvement of Chakhao rice by gene stacking of high-yielding and durable blast-resistant traits Article

    Nameirakpam, Monalisa; Y, Sanatombi Devi; Ngangkham, Umakanta; Singh T, Basanta; Kh, Rishikanta Singh; W.S, Philanim; Kumar, Awadhesh; Devi, E Lamalakshmi; Konsam, Sarika; Chongtham, Sonia; Akoijam, Ratankumar Singh; W, Anand Meetei; Yengkhom, Bijen kumar; Chongtham, Tania; A., Umananda; Th., Diviya; Laha, Ramgopal

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Chakhao is a popular pigmented black rice variety with remarkably high anthocyanin content. Due to its susceptibility to various biotic and abiotic stresses, its production has remained low. Here, two genes, Pi54 blast-resistant and OsSPL14, high-yielding genes of rice, were pyramided in a Chakhao landrace by crossing with CR Dhan 307. From a total of 147 F4 lines developed, 32 were identified with the positive alleles of both genes, of which 16 were black grain coloured, and their total anthocyanin content ranged from 30.19±2.19 to 240.31±2.62 mg 100 g-1 dried weight. Among these, ChM 68 F4 line had the highest anthocyanin content (240.31 ± 2.62 mg 100 g-1 of powdered grain) with more 118.96 mg 100 g-1 anthocyanin than the recipient parent, CHK13 (121.35±3.32 mg 100 g-1), making it a promising line to be released as a high-yielding and durable blast-resistant Chakhao variety in Manipur.
  • Genetic variation, agronomic potential, and acylsugar content in Santa Cruz dwarf tomato after backcrossings Article

    Ribeiro, Ana Luisa Alves; Maciel, Gabriel Mascarenhas; Siquieroli, Ana Carolina Silva; Pereira, Lucas Medeiros; Silva, Nilo Cesar Queiroga; Oliveira, Camila Soares de; Pinto, Frederico Garcia

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Tomato cultivation is globally significant, demanding enhanced yields and biotic stress resilience for sustainability. Dwarf plant utilization in tomato genetic enhancement offers underexplored benefits. Yet, Santa Cruz dwarf tomato germplasm is unavailable. This study evaluated genetic dissimilarity, agronomic potential, and acylsugar content of Santa Cruz dwarf tomato plants across three successive backcrossings. Twelve advanced backcrossing populations (BC) and a commercial control (cv. Kada) were assessed, totaling 15 treatments. Agronomic traits and acylsugar content were measured, and analysis techniques were applied to assess genetic dissimilarity and backcrossing superiority. BC3 populations UFU-Sci#8, UFU-Sci#6, UFU-Sci#5, and UFU-Sci#1 excelled. Dwarf plants predominantly exhibited high leaflet acylsugar levels, suggesting potential for acquisition of hybrid with pest resistance. Notably, UFU MC TOM1 (dwarf plant) displayed significant glycine and L-serine presence, associated with various biotic stresses. These findings unveil the promising creation of dwarf Santa Cruz tomato hybrids with a broad spectrum of resistance.
  • CertiBase: a genetic database for cultivar certification and genetic breeding of pecan in Brazil Article

    Poletto, Tales; Poletto, Igor; Marques, Cassiano Eric de Carvalho; Silva, Ana Kelly de Sousa; Kubenka, Keith; Chatwin, Warren; Gailing, Oliver; Stefenon, Valdir Marcos

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract This study was aimed at developing a molecular genetic database that allows the certification of the pecan cultivars planted in Brazil, based on reference cultivars from the USA. We used a set of 10 nSSR and 10 cpSSR markers for cultivar identification and characterization. The database developed is an instrument for certification of cultivars, characterization of potential new cultivars, and selection of material for pecan breeding. The CertiBase database is composed of genotypes and haplotypes characterized for 40 reference pecan cultivars, while the CertiBase algorithm for plant identification is implemented in a user-friendly free software. Varietal certification of cultivars will bring more security to the entire production chain, in addition to enabling the characterization of the ancestry of potential new cultivars and establishment of breeding programs of pecan in Brazil.
  • ‘BRS Sarau’: A new late-ripening table peach cultivar with a wide climatic adaptation Cultivar Release

    Franzon, Rodrigo Cezar; Raseira, Maria do Carmo Bassols; Feldberg, Nelson Pires; Scaranari, Ciro

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract ‘BRS Sarau’ is a highly productive peach cultivar widely adapted to the Southern and Southeast region of Brazil. It produces fruits of excellent flavor and shape, with attractive skin and flesh color, and its harvest starts near the Christmas holidays, when the demand for peaches is high.
  • BRS A504 CL: a new herbicide resistant upland cultivar with high quality grain Cultivar Release

    Rangel, Paulo Hideo Nakano; Furtini, Isabela Volpi; Castro, Adriano Pereira de; Ferreira, Marcio Elias; Colombari-Filho, José Manoel; Utumi, Marley Marico; Abreu, Guilherme Barbosa; Fragoso, Daniel de Brito; Oliveira, Inocencio Junior de; Santiago, Carlos Martins; Pereira, José Almeida; Silveira Filho, Austrelino

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract BRS A504 CL is a new rice cultivar, resistant to herbicides from the imidazolinone chemical group, developed for the Clearfield Production System for upland rice in Brazil. The cultivar has excellent grain quality and yield potential of 8,188 kg ha-1.
  • A pseudo-colony PCR method for rapid identification of transgenic sugarcane lines at in vitro stage Note

    Enrique, Ramon; Budeguer, Florencia; Noguera, Aldo

    Abstract in English:

    Abstract Obtaining transgenic sugarcane lines in vitro is a laborious, expensive, and time-consuming process. To minimize these disadvantages, the presence of transgenes must be checked as soon as possible. Here, we describe a method for direct PCR amplification of DNA from sugarcane plantlets, using smaller quantities of vegetal material, low-cost lab reagents, and rapid processing. By using this methodology, we were able to identify 100% of the transgenic lines generated. The outlined protocol enabled us to perform an earlier checking of the transgene insertions on genomes of transformed lines reducing costs and labor at in vitro stages.
Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Fitotecnia, 36570-000 Viçosa - Minas Gerais/Brasil, Tel.: (55 31)3899-2611, Fax: (55 31)3899-2611 - Viçosa - MG - Brazil
E-mail: cbab@ufv.br