Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The current study was planned to pyramid Yellow Mosaic Disease (YMD) resistance with null KTI and null Lox2 in soybean, with a purview to create food grade soybean genotypes which can sustain under heavy disease pressure of north Indian plains. Hence, a cross was made between NRCSL 3 (R) x NRC 142 (S, null KTI + null Lox2). F2 and subsequent F5, was screened using newly developed functional KASP markers for both traits. The markers were validated on a panel of F1 hybrids (derived from 3 different crosses) as well as wild type and double null parents. Using the markers, a total of 15 double null lines i.e., null KTI + null Lox2; having YMD resistance were identified. Two of these outyielded the best check and parent NRCSL 3 in terms of economic yield. This is the first report of pyramiding of YMD resistance with null KTI and null Lox2.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The selection of maize genotypes using multivariate analysis enhances breeding programs by combining adaptability and performance in challenging environmental conditions, such as low water availability and irregular, poorly distributed rainfall. This study aimed to select the most suitable maize genotypes for semi-arid regions using selection indices. Twenty-seven genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design. The analyzed variables were post-harvest and morphophysiological traits. Analysis of variance, a multi-trait index based on factor analysis and ideotype-design (FAI-BLUP), and the multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI) were performed. Thus, it can be concluded that the genotypes differ in relation to the variables and conditions studied. The FAI-BLUP and MGIDI indices selected genotypes AG 8780, GNZ 40, GNZ 15, and KWS 9606 Vip3 as the most aligned with the ideal ideotype for maize cultivation in semi-arid regions.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) is an ornamental plant with abundant secondary metabolites that can be used as natural herbicides. The present study evaluated the influence of overexpressing the Sucrose Phosphate Synthase (SoSPS1) gene on phenotypic features and accumulation of biochemical component in transgenic cosmos flowers. This genetic transformation was carried out using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated floral dip method. The quantitative characteristics of wild-type and transgenic cosmos flowers differed significantly in the number of flowers per plant and ray florets, flower diameter, ray floret width, pedicle length, fresh weight per flower, and seed number. Sucrose accumulation and total phenol content in transgenic plant flowers were higher than in the wild-type. These findings support the utilization of yellow cosmos as an ornamental plant for bioherbicide production.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study aims to investigate the genetic control of the efficiency of maize association with Azospirillum brasilense for grain yield. A total of 48 experimental single-cross maize hybrids were evaluated in seven environments for the grain yield without nitrogen topdressing (Nt) and without Azospirillum brasilense (Az), with Nt but without Az, without Nt but with Az, and the efficiency of Azospirillum brasilense itself. The data were used to estimate the variance components and to perform a diallel analysis. The magnitudes of the genotypic determination coefficients indicate that selection is possible for all traits analyzed. Thus, breeding programs should contribute to developing maize genotypes that are more efficient in association with the bacteria. The inbred lines differed regarding the frequency of favorable alleles and contributed differently to the crosses. Therefore, since the Azospirillum brasilense efficiency is under genetic control, it can be improved through selection.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Dwarf tomato plants offer distinct advantages for hybrid development, including superior agronomic performance, fruit quality, and pest resistance. However, Santa Cruz-type dwarf tomato germplasm remains undercharacterized. This study evaluated morphological traits on seven breeding lines of Santa Cruz-type dwarf tomatoes, the donor parent UFU MC TOM 1, the recurrent parent UFU-TOM-MOTHER-2, and the control cultivar Caniati. Additionally, the wild accession Solanum pennellii was included to quantify acylsugar content. Pest resistance was evaluated through acylsugar quantification and analyses of herbivory caused by Tuta absoluta and Liriomyza huidobrensis. Breeding lines UFU-Sci#6.12-2.1.5, UFU-Sci#6.12-2.1.7, and UFU-Sc#8.3.2-2.1.2 emerged as superior, exhibiting elevated acylsugar levels, reduced pest damage, and improved fruit quality. Importantly, acylsugar content was strongly associated with increased pest resistance, particularly against T. absoluta and L. huidobrensis, mimicking the defensive profile of the wild S. pennellii accession. These findings support the development of pest-resilient, productive tomato cultivars aligned with sustainable agriculture goals.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Conventional and speed breeding experiments were conducted in a polycarbonate-enclosed greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Turkey. The objective was to evaluate the potential of speed breeding systems to shorten the crop breeding process and enhance the efficiency of breeding programs by examining their effects on wheat and barley genotypes. The responses of four bread wheat, four durum wheat, and five barley genotypes under speed breeding conditions were measured according to the Zadoks scale. Results revealed that durum wheat completed its vegetative phase the quickest, followed by barley and bread wheat. Under speed breeding conditions, the number of growth cycles achievable per year was 4.13 for bread wheat, 4.26 for barley, and 4.64 for durum wheat. Thus, the time required to obtain viable seeds in these three cereal species was reduced by an average of 37%. In obtaining viable seeds, barley showed the fastest growth rate.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Wheat is the main food crop in the Yellow River Basin of Northwest China. To explore the genetic mechanisms of wheat yield traits and identify related candidate genes, 250 varieties were studied. Genotyping was performed with the wheat 90K SNP chip, and genome-wide association analysis was carried out through multiple models. A total of 335 SNPs were significantly associated with yield-related traits, and 75 markers were simultaneously detected in at least 2 models. Of the 73 candidate genes screened, 4 had been reported in previous studies, and 69 were new. Among the significantly associated loci, 53 loci were significantly associated with multiple wheat traits, and a 5A_B1_Hap2 dominant haplotype was identified that can simultaneously regulate spikelet number, spikelet weight, thousand-grain weight, and effective tiller. This study provides effective loci for molecular marker-assisted selection breeding of wheat and cloning of yield-related trait genes.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract This study evaluated the efficacy of early selection in a second-generation Eucalyptus urophylla progeny trial by comparing three selection strategies: mass selection, combined selection (among and within families), and within-family selection. A randomized complete block design was used, comprising 23 progenies with 30 single-tree plot replicates. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height were measured annually from one to five years after planting. Early selection efficiency was tested for DBH at a selection intensity of 11.9% to compare the percentage of selected individuals across ages. The performance evaluated by the consistency of selected individuals across ages varied greatly. From the third year onward, the estimated proportion of consistently selected individuals reached 75%, indicating reliability of early selection for seed orchard establishment. Among the strategies, combined selection (among and within families) proved most effective at five years, yielding an estimated genetic gain of 6.3%.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Physical and mechanical properties of wood, such as basic density (ρbas), volumetric shrinkage (βv), compressive strength (fc0), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) were evaluated in near-pith (PI), intermediate (MI) and near-bark (BA) planks from a 33-year-old Corymbia citriodora progeny test, planted in Luiz Antônio, São Paulo, Brazil. These properties were assessed to support simultaneous breeding of multiple traits. All wood properties increased radially from PI to BA. Genetic variation among families was observed for ρbas at the averaged and BA radial positions. Moderate positive additive genetic correlations were found between ρbas×fc0, ρbas × MOE, ρbas × MOR, βv × fc0, βv × MOE, βv × MOR, fc0 × MOE, fc0 × MOR, and MOE × MOR. These findings indicate the potential for simultaneous genetic improvement of multiple traits, with ρbas serving as a key trait for direct selection to achieve indirect genetic gains in other properties.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Coffee plant breeding has developed cultivars with disease resistance, high yield, and excellent sensory quality. However, recommending cultivars for different regions requires evaluations that account for genotype × environment (G × E) interactions. This study evaluated the agronomic performance of 30 Coffea arabica cultivars in six locations in southern Minas Gerais, focusing on adaptability and phenotypic stability for yield and sensory quality using the GGE Biplot method. Traits assessed included yield, the proportion of high-sieve and mocha beans, bean density, and sensory quality. Statistical analyses involved ANOVA, the Scott-Knott test, and GGE Biplot. Two mega-environments were identified for yield and three for sensory quality. IPR 100, IAC Obatã 4739, Arara, and Catucaí 2SL demonstrated high yield, while MGS Paraíso 2 excelled in cup quality. GGE Biplot proved effective in identifying stable and adapted cultivars, reinforcing the need to integrate sensory attributes in breeding and recommendation strategies for specialty coffee production.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Recombination orchards facilitate superior tree genotypes crossings and improved seed production. In this study we aimed to a) investigate genetic parameters in a progeny test of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud.; b) establish a clonal recombination orchard using grafting of the selected trees by genetic values; and c) carry out pollen collection and processing. A provenance and progeny test was conducted and evaluated at nine years of age for growth traits. Quantitative genetic parameters were estimated, and superior genotypes were selected and preserved through grafting. Grafted plants were monitored, and pollen collection techniques were tested. The best 10 ranked individuals reached up to 33 m3 ha-1 year-1 MAI yield, with gains up to 55%. The grafting success rate reached up to 70% and pollen management was effective. Forest breeding programs for timber species like C. trichotoma were optimized by refining grafting and controlled pollination methods, making genetic recombination viable.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Imigrante is the first ginger cultivar registered in Brazil. It’s suitable for cultivation in the central mountainous region of Espírito Santo state, the country's largest producing region of origin. In three regional evaluation trials, it showed a fast and early growth cycle, reaching an average productivity of 145 t ha-1.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract The MGS Turmalina coffee cultivar is short in size, matures early, and is rust resistant. It has demonstrated a higher yield than the Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 cultivar in different regions, standing out in environments with greater water deficit. The market value of MGS Turmalina beans is higher due to its superior cup quality.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Sugarcane cultivar RB07818, developed by RIDESA/UFAL, is characterized by a high sucrose content, clear juice color and high agro-industrial yield. In addition, its adaptability to adverse environmental conditions, resistance to major diseases and yield stability across multiple harvests are outstanding.

Resumo em Inglês:

Abstract Obtaining near-infrared spectra (NIR) directly from the sugarcane stalks in the field requires additional care due to the presence of wax on their surface. This study investigated the best cleaning procedure to be applied in sugarcane studies to obtain NIR spectra with reduced noise. NIR spectra were obtained from two sugarcane varieties using three cleaning methods (wax not removed, polyurethane abrasive sponge, and stainless steel sponge), and the sample sizes ranged from 2 to 8 stalks. Different pre-treatments were compared by principal components analysis (PCA). The p-value associated with the Mahalanobis distance measure was used to choose the best number of stalks to be sampled. PCA results demonstrated that the stainless steel sponge method is the most efficient procedure for distinguishing between the different sugarcane varieties once all wax is removed from the surface. Four stalks are necessary to obtain the average spectrum (p-value < 0.05).