VACILACIÓN VACUNAL ENTRE LOS PADRES Y FAMILIARES DE LOS NIÑOS Y LA LUCHA CONTRA LAS ENFERMEDADES INMUNOPREVENIBLES

Viana, Izabella da Silva; Cursino, Emília Gallindo; Miranda, Priscila da Silva; Silva, Liliane Faria da; Machado, Maria Estela Diniz

doi:10.1590/ce.v28i0.91092

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REVISIÓN • Cogit. Enferm. 28 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v28i0.91092 copiar

VACILACIÓN VACUNAL ENTRE LOS PADRES Y FAMILIARES DE LOS NIÑOS Y LA LUCHA CONTRA LAS ENFERMEDADES INMUNOPREVENIBLES^* * Artículo extraído de la tesis de máster/doctorado “Hesitação vacinal de familiares de crianças durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no contexto do cuidado integral à saúde”, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil, 2022.

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ASPECTOS DESTACADOS

Los padres y familiares de los niños dudan en vacunar a sus hijos.
La falta de conocimientos sobre las vacunas es una de las principales razones de las dudas.
La indecisión y el estilo de vida influyen en esta decisión.
Las enfermeras deben crear un vínculo de confianza con estos familiares.

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

analizar, a través de la producción científica, los motivos que llevan a países y familias de niños a la vacilación vacunal en el contexto de la lucha contra las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles.

Método:

revisión integradora utilizando los siguientes recursos informativos: Scientific Eletronic Library Online, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud, Nursing Database, Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Se utilizó un marco temporal de 2016 a 2021.

Resultados:

Veinticuatro artículos constituyeron la muestra final, y surgieron dos categorías: Des(conocimiento) sobre vacunas; e In(decisión) y estilo de vida.

Conclusión:

este estudio contribuye a la práctica profesional, animando a las direcciones de las unidades sanitarias a establecer estrategias de intervención con las personas indecisas. El rechazo o el retraso en la vacunación deben ser considerados por estos profesionales como una ventana de oportunidad para acercarse a los padres y familiares.

DESCRIPTORES:
Negativa a la Vacunación; Vacunas; Padres; Familia; Niño

PICO	DeCS	MeSH	Títulos CINAHL
P	Pais (Pais) OR Família (Familia) OR Criança (Niño)	Parents OR Family OR Child	Parents OR Family OR Child
P	AND	AND	AND
I	Vacinação (Vacunación)	Vaccination	Immunization
I	AND	AND	AND
C	-	-	-
O	Recusa de Vacinação (Rechazo de Vacunación)	Vaccination Refusal	Vaccination Refusal

N.º	Autor/Título	Diseño y nivel de evidencia	País/Revista/Año
1	KHATTAK et al / Prevalence of Parental refusal rate and its associated factors in routine immunization by using WHO Vaccine Hesitancy tool: A Cross sectional study at district Bannu, KP, Pakistan¹⁵15 Khattaka FA, Rehmanb K, Shahzadb M, Arifb N, Ullahc N, Kibriab Z, et al. Prevalence of Parental refusal rate and its associated factors in routine immunization by using WHO Vaccine Hesitancy tool: a cross sectional study at district Bannu, KP, Pakistan. Int. J. Infect. Dis. [Internet]. 2021 [cited in 2021 Feb. 10]; 104:117-124. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.0...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Pakistán - International Journal of Infectious Diseases - 2021
2	REUBEN et al / Mistrust of the medical profession and higher disgust sensitivity predict parental vaccine hesitancy¹⁶16 Reuben R, Aitken D, Freedman JL, Einstein G. Mistrust of the medical profession and higher disgust sensitivity predict parental vaccine hesitancy. PlosOne. [Internet]. 2020 [cited in 2001 Feb. 10]; 15(9):e0237755. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237755. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.023...	Estudio cuantitativo de cohorte / nivel 4	Canadá - PLOS ONE - 2020
3	LO VECCHIO et al / Determinants of low measles vaccination coverage in children living in an endemic area¹⁷17 Lo Vecchio A, Cambriglia MD, Fedele MC, Basile FW, Chiatto F, Miraglia MDG, et al. Determinants of low measles vaccination coverage in children living in an endemic area. Eur J Pediatr. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 178(2):243-251. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3289-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3289-...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Italia - European Journal of Pediatrics - 2019
4	GUAY et al / Determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Quebec: a large population-based survey¹⁸18 Guay M, Gosselin V, Petit G, Baron G, Gagneur A. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy in Quebec: a large population-based survey. Hum Vaccines Immunother. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 15(11):2527-33. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1603563. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.16...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Canadá - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics - 2019
5	YU HU et al / Measuring childhood vaccination acceptance of mother in Zhejiang province, East China¹⁹19 Hu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Liang H. Measuring childhood vaccination acceptance of mother in Zhejiang province, East China. Hum Vaccin. Immunother. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 15(2):287-94. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1526557. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.15...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	China - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics - 2019
6	ABUBAKAR et al / Outbreak of suspected pertussis in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Northern Nigeria, 2015: the role of sub-optimum routine immunization coverage²⁰20 Abubakar A, Dalhat M, Mohammed A, Ilesanmi OS, Anebonam U, Barau N, et al. Outbreak of suspected pertussis in Kaltungo, Gombe State, Northern Nigeria, 2015: the role of sub-optimum routine immunization coverage. Pan Afr Med J. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 Jul. 15]; 32(Suppl 1):9. Available in: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2019.32.1.13352. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.supp.2019....	Estudio cuantitativo de caso control / nivel 4	Nigeria - Pan Africa Medical Journal - 2019
7	YU HU et al / Reliability and validity of a survey to identify vaccine hesitancy among parents in Changxing county, Zhejiang province²¹21 Hu Y, Chen Y, Liang H, Wang Y. Reliability and validity of a survey to identify vaccine hesitancy among parents in Changxing county, Zhejiang province. Hum Vaccin. Immunother. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 July. 22]; 15(5):1092-9. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.1572409. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2019.15...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	China - Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics - 2019
8	PIQUERAS et al / Reticencia vacunal: análisis del discurso de madres y padres con rechazo total o parcial a las vacunas²²22 Piqueras MC, Cortazar ARG de, Carmona JH, Bernáldez JP. Vaccine hesitancy: discourse analysis of parents who have not fully or partially vaccinated their children. Gac Sanit. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 33(1):53-9. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.07.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2017.07...	Estudio cualitativo (entrevista semiestructurada y grupos focales) / nivel 6	España - Gaceta Sanitaria - 2019
9	CHANG e LEE / Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children?²³23 Chang K, Lee SY. Why do some Korean parents hesitate to vaccinate their children? Epidemiol Health. [Internet] 2019 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 41:e2019031. Available in: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019031. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019031...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Corea del Sur - Epidemiology and Health - 2019
10	UMEH et al / Attitude and subjective wellbeing of noncompliant mothers to childhood oral polio vaccine supplemental immunization in Northern Nigeria²⁴24 Umeh GC, Nomhwange TI, Shamang AF, Zakari F, Musa AI, Dogo PM, et al. Attitude and subjective well being of non-compliant mothers to childhood oral polio vaccine supplemental immunization in Northern Nigeria. BMC Public Health. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 18(1):231. Available in: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h24r6. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.h24r6...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Nigeria - BMC Public Health - 2018
11	KROK-SCHOEN et al / Belief About Mandatory School Vaccinations and Vaccination Refusal Among Ohio Appalachian Parents: Do Demographic and Religious Factors, General Health, and Political filiation Play a Role?²⁵25 Krok-Schoen JL, Bernardo BM, Weier RC, Peng J, Katz ML, Reiter PL, et al. Belief about mandatory school vaccinations and vaccination refusal among Ohio appalachian parents: do demographic and religious factors, general health, and political affiliation play a role? J Rural Health [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 34(3):283-92. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12285. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12285...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Estados Unidos - The Journal of Rural Health - 2018
12	NAPOLITANO et al / Investigating Italian parents’ vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional survey²⁶26 Napolitano F, D’Alessandro A, Angelillo IF. Investigating Italian parents’ vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin. Immunother. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July. 22]; 14(7):1558-65. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1463943. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.14...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Italia - Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics - 2018
13	PONCE-BLANDÓN et al / O movimento anti- vacinação como problema de saúde pública: uma revisão integrativa da literatura²⁷27 Blandón JAP, Ruiz MD, Carrasco MP, Campos ML. O movimento anti-vacinação como problema de saúde pública: uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Rev Enferm UFSM. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 8(4):1-17. Available in: https://periodicos.ufsm.br/reufsm/article/view/29296/pdf. https://periodicos.ufsm.br/reufsm/articl...	Revisión integradora / nivel 5	Brasil - Revista de Enfermagem da UFSM - 2018
14	FONSECA et al / Recusa da vacinação em área urbana do norte de Portugal²⁸28 Fonseca MS, Varela M da ALN, Frutuoso A, Monteiro M de FFRP. Vaccine refusal in an urban area of northern Portugal. Sci Medica. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 28(4):2. Available in: http://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4.32152. http://doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2018.4...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Portugal - Scientia Medica - 2018
15	CHAN et al / Trends in Vaccination Refusal in Children Under 2 Years of Age in Kedah, Malaysia: A 4-Year Review From 2013 to 2016²⁹29 Chan H-K, Soelar SA, Md Ali SM, Ahmad F, Abu Hassan MR. Trends in vaccination refusal in children under 2 years of age in kedah, Malaysia: a 4-year review from 2013 to 2016. Asia Pac J Public Health. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 30(2):137-46. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539517751312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539517751312...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Malasia - Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2018
16	BROWN et al / Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil³⁰30 Brown AL, Sperandio M, Turssi CP, Leite RMA, Berton VF, Succi RM, et al. Vaccine confidence and hesitancy in Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 34(9):e00011618. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00011618. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X0001161...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Brasil - Cadernos de Saúde Pública - 2018
17	NAVIN et al / Vaccine Education, Reasons for Refusal, and Vaccination Behavior³¹31 Navin MC, Wasserman JA, Ahmad M, Bies S. Vaccine education, reasons for refusal, and vaccination behavior. Am J Prev Med. [Internet]. 2019 [cited in 2020 July 23]; 56(3):359-67. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10.024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.10...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Estados Unidos - American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2018
18	MASTERS et al / Vaccine hesitancy among caregivers and association with childhood vaccination timeliness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia³²32 Masters NB, Tefera YA, Wagner AL, Boulton ML. Vaccine hesitancy among caregivers and association with childhood vaccination timeliness in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hum Vaccin. Immunother. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 23]; 14(10):2340-7. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1480242. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.14...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Etiopia - Human vaccines & immunotherapeut 2018
19	REY et al / Vaccine hesitancy in the French population in 2016, and its association with vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine risk- benefit balance³³33 Rey D, Fressard L, Cortaredona S, Bocquier A, Gautier A, Peretti-Watel P, et al. Vaccine hesitancy in the French population in 2016, and its association with vaccine uptake and perceived vaccine risk-benefit balance. Eurosurveillance. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 23]; 23(17):17-00816. Available in: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.17.17-00816. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.201...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	Francia - Euro Surveill - 2018
20	ESCOBAR-DÍAZ et al / Motivos de no vacunación en menores de cinco años en cuatro ciudades colombianas³⁴34 Escobar-Díaz F, Osorio-Merchán MB, De la Hoz-Restrepo F. Reasons some children under 5 do not get vaccinated in four Colombian cities. Rev Panam Salud Pública. [Internet]. 2018 [cited in 2020 July 23]; 41:e123. Available in: https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2017.123. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2017.123...	Estudio cualitativo (entrevistas y grupos focales) / nivel 6	Colombia - Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 2017
21	WARD et al / Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccinerefusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia³⁵35 Ward PR, Attwell K, Meyer SB, Rokkas P, Leask J. Understanding the perceived logic of care by vaccine-hesitant and vaccine-refusing parents: A qualitative study in Australia. PloS One. [Internet]. 2017 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 12(10):e0185955. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185955. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.018...	Estudio cualitativo (entrevista semi estructurada) / nivel 6	Australia - PLOS ONE - 2017
22	PÉREZ et al / Consulta de asesoramiento en vacunas: el encuentro es posible³⁶36 Pérez RP, Martín DH, Rodríguez MAC, Cancho M de la P, Verrier EC, Arévalo SG, et al. Vaccination counselling: the meeting point is possible. An Pediatría. [Internet]. 2017 [cited in 2020 July 23]; 86(6):314-20. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2016.06.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2016.06...	Estudio cuantitativo transversal / nivel 4	España - Anales de Pediatría - 2016
23	CAMERON et al / Missed Opportunity: Why Parents Refuse Influenza Vaccination for Their Hospitalized Children³⁷37 Cameron MA, Bigos D, Festa C, Topol H, Rhee KE. Missed opportunity: why parents refuse influenza vaccination for their hospitalized children. Hosp Pediatr. [Internet]. 2016 [cited in 2020 July 15]; 6(9):507-12. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2015-0219. https://doi.org/10.1542/hpeds.2015-0219...	Estudo quantitativo transversal / nível 4	Estados Unidos - Hospital Pediatrics 2016
24	BLAISDELL et al / Unknown Risks: Parental Hesitation about Vaccination³⁸38 Blaisdell LL, Gutheil C, Hootsmans NAM, Han PKJ. Unknown risks: parental hesitation about vaccination. Med Decis Mak Int J Soc [Internet]. 2016 [cited in 2020 July 22]; 36(4):479-89. Available in: https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X15607855. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X15607855...	Estudio cualitativo (entrevista semi estructurada y grupos focales) / nivel 6	Estados Unidos - Medical Decision Making - 2016

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[1] Autor correspondiente: Izabella da Silva Viana Universidade Federal Fluminense Rua Doutor Celestino, 74 - Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brasil E-mail: izabellaviana@id.uff.br