Dressing procedure for contaminated wounds: an analysis of videos on an online platform

Cauduro, Fernanda Letícia Frates; Justino, Rute Rodrigues

doi:10.1590/ce.v30i0.96621pt

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Cogit. Enferm. 30 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ce.v30i0.96621en linkcopy

Dressing procedure for contaminated wounds: an analysis of videos on an online platform

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective: To analyze YouTube^® videos showing the dressing procedure for contaminated wounds.

Method: Qualitative descriptive exploratory research conducted on the YouTube^® video sharing platform. The search was guided by keywords, during the period between November and December 2023. For the critical analysis of the videos, an instrument was used that was developed in accordance with scientific literature related to the care of contaminated wounds.

Results: 24 videos were identified, none of which were fully compliant. Among the results found, the following stand out: failure to check medical records and identify patients; failure to perform hand hygiene; incorrect handling of sterile dressing packages; failure to follow cleaning principles; absence of tools for wound assessment; failure to identify dressings; and absence of nursing records.

Conclusion: YouTube^® videos dealing with the dressing procedure for contaminated wounds should be viewed with caution when used for educational purposes in nursing.

KEYWORDS:
Education, Nursing; Internet Use; Instructional Film and Video; Wounds and Injuries; Bandages

HIGHLIGHTS

The consumption of videos for learning is a reality in universities.

YouTube^® features videos about dressings.

Critical steps in the procedure were inconsistent with the literature.

Videos about wound dressing should be viewed with caution.

Stage	n (%)
Stage	NR	PR	R	NA
Check the medical record and verify the patient's identification.	20 (83.3)	3 (12.5)	1 (4.2)	-
Perform hand hygiene before entering the patient unit.	14 (58.3)	-	10 (41.7)	-
Identify the patient using two identifiers	17 (70.8)	3 (12.6)	2 (8.3)	2 (8.3)
Explain the procedure to the patient and companion (if applicable).	15 (62.5)	-	9 (37.5)	-
Check if the patient has allergies to topical agents, tapes, or any other material.	23 (95.8)	-	1 (4.2)	-
Observe and identify the location of the dressing	12 (50)	-	12 (50)	-
Disinfect the area where the dressing materials will be stored.	22 (91.7)	-	2 (8.3)	-
Ensuring patient privacy	19 (79.2)	-	5 (20.8)	-
Perform hand hygiene when leaving the patient's unit.	20 (83.3)	-	4 (16.7)	-

Stage	n (%)
Stage	NR	PR	R	NA
Disinfection of trays for storing sterile materials	11 (45.8)	11 (45.8)	2 (8.4)	-
70% alcohol for disinfection	22 (91.7)	-	2 (8.3)	-
Tray	12 (50)	-	12 (50)	-
Sterile forceps package	2 (16.7)	-	10 (83.3)	12 (50)
Pack of sterile gloves	-	-	6 (25)	18 (75)
Sterile gauze	6 (25)	-	18 (75)	-
Waterproof lining	1 (4.2)	-	4 (16.6)	19 (79.2)
Waste for disposal of infectious waste	9 (37.5)	-	15 (62.5)	-
EPI’s*	1 (4.2)	21 (87.5)	2 (8.3)	-
Dressing on UL or LL, use of a basin or similar for fluid containment.	12 (50)	-	3 (12.5)	9 (37.5)
Cotton and alcohol for disinfecting the rubber of NS 0.9% bottle	22 (91.7)	-	2 (8.3)	-
Bottle of NS 0.9% heated	2 (8.3)	18 (75)	4 (16.7)	-
20ml syringe	21 (84)	-	1 (4)	3 (12)
Needle 40x12mm	15 (62.5)	-	9 (37.5)	-
Primary coverage	2 (8.3)	-	22 (91.7)	-
Secondary coverage	4 (16.7)	-	20 (83.3)	-
Bandage (when the wound is on a limb)	5 (20.9)	-	10 (41.6)	9 (37.5)
Adhesive tape or micropore tape	3 (12.5)	-	21 (87.5)	-

Stage	n (%)
Stage	NR	PR	R	NA
Place the tray on the side table	13 (54.2)	1 (4.2)	10 (41.6)	-
Sanitize your hands	21 (87.5)	-	3 (12.5)	-
Put on the PPE*	1 (4.2)	21 (87.5)	2 (8.3)	-
Position the patient and expose the wound site	3 (12.5)	-	21 (87.5)	-
Check the validity and integrity of the material.	24 (100)	-	-	-
Position the disposable/infectious waste	14 (58.3)	2 (8.3)	8 (33.4)	-
Insert the 40 x 12 mm needle into the 0.9% NS bottle or connect it to a 20 ml syringe.	13 (54.2)	10 (41.7)	1 (4.2)	-
Open the sterile gauze package without contaminating it.	11 (45.8)	-	12 (50)	1 (4.2)
Dressing performed with sterile forceps n=10
Open the sterile dressing package and place the forceps handles on the proximal edge of the field, taking care not to contaminate them.	6 (60)	-	4 (40)	-
Put on the procedure gloves	2 (20)	-	8 (80)	-
Place the gauze pads on the field without contaminating them.	-	1(10)	9 (90)	-
Form gauze "dolls" with the tweezers, being careful not to contaminate them.	-	1 (10)	9 (90)	-
Discard the first spray of NS 0.9% and moisten the "dolls," without contaminating them.	-	-	10 (100)	-
Remove the dressing with rat-tail forceps. *If the dressing is occluded with bandages, use procedure gloves to remove it. Remove it, sanitize your hands, and put on a new pair of gloves to handle the rat tooth forceps.	-	3 (30)	-	7 (70)
Remove the dressing, observing the characteristics of the exudate.	-	3 (30)	-	7 (70)
Disregard the rat tooth tweezers	1 (10)	2 (20)	-	7 (70)
Follow the principles: clean edges, irrigate the bed, and dry the edges.	1 (10)	7 (70)	2 (20)	-
Perform debridement of devitalized tissue when present	1 (10)	7 (70)	2 (20)	-
Dry the edges and the surrounding area with a soft cloth.	1 (10)	7 (70)	2 (20)	-
Cover the wound with the primary dressing.	1 (10)	-	9 (90)	-
Cover the wound with the secondary dressing (if indicated).	2 (20)	-	8 (80)	-
Position the forceps in the sterile field.	3 (30)	-	7 (70)	-
Secure the cover	2 (20)	1 (10)	7 (70)	-
Remove the procedure gloves.	7 (70)	-	2 (20)	-
Sanitize your hands	9 (90)	-	1 (10)	-
Identify the dressing	6 (60)	1 (10)	3 (30)	-
Disregard the tweezers, wrapping them in the field	7 (70)	2 (20)	1 (10)	-
Make the patient comfortable	6 (60)	-	4 (40)	-
Remove all PPE	5 (50)	-	5 (50)	-
Sanitize your hands	7 (70)	-	3 (30)	-
Dressing performed with surgical gloves - n=6
Put on procedure gloves	-	-	3 (50)	3* (50)
Remove the dressing. *If the dressing is occluded with bandages, use procedure gloves to remove it. Remove it after discarding the dressing in the trash and sanitizing your hands.	-	1 (16.6)	2 (33.4)	3 (50)
Remove the dressing, observing the characteristics of the exudate.	-	2 (33.4)	1 (16.6)	3 (50)
Open the surgical glove package without contamination.	2 (33.4)	-	4 (66.6)	-
Place the gauze inside the field	1 (16.6)	-	5 (83.4)	-
Put on surgical gloves without contaminating them.	-	-	6 (100)	-
Organize the field by making "dolls"	3 (50)	-	3 (50)	-
Take the bottle of NS 0.9% with your non-dominant hand and irrigate the "dolls" without contaminating them.	2 (33.4)	1 (16.6)	3 (50)	-
Follow the principles: clean edges, irrigate the bed, and dry the edges.	2 (33.3)	2 (33.3)	2 (33.3)	-
One-way edge cleaning	1 (16.6)	-	5 (83.4)	-
Bed irrigation with 0.9% NS using jets, in the direction "from least to most contaminated."	2 (33.4)	1 (16.6)	3 (50)	-
Perform debridement of devitalized tissue, when present*	-	-	4 (66.6)	2 (33.4)
Dry the edges and the surrounding area with a soft cloth.	4 (66.6)	-	2 (33.4)	-
Cover the wound with a primary dressing using your sterile (dominant) hand.	-	-	6 (100)	-
Cover the wound using your sterile (dominant) hand with a secondary dressing (if indicated).	-	-	6 (100)	-
Secure the cover	-	-	6 (100)	-
Remove surgical gloves	5 (83.4)	-	1 (16.6)	-
Sanitize your hands	5 (83.4)	-	1 (16.6)	-
Identify the dressing	4 (66.6)	-	2 (33.4)	-
Make the patient comfortable	3 (50)	-	3 (50)	-
Remove all PPE	5 (83.4)	-	1 (16.6)	-
Sanitize your hands	5 (83.4)	-	1 (16.6)	-

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[TFN4n] Caption: NR: Not performed; PR: Partially completed; R: Completed; NA: Not applicable. Source: The authors (2024).