USE OF RESISTOGRAPH TECHNIQUE AND OF DENDROMETRIC VARIABLES IN THE MODELING OF THE BASIC DENSITY OF CLONAL POPULATIONS <i>Eucalyptus</i>

Dias, Donizete da Costa; Colodette, Jorge Luiz; Thiersch, Claudio Roberto; Leite, Hélio Garcia; Gomide, José Livio

doi:10.5902/1980509827746

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Artigo • Ciênc. Florest. 27 (2) • Apr-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509827746 copy

USE OF RESISTOGRAPH TECHNIQUE AND OF DENDROMETRIC VARIABLES IN THE MODELING OF THE BASIC DENSITY OF CLONAL POPULATIONS Eucalyptus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The basic density is a key property of wood quality for pulp production, but its determination is very time consuming and costly. The development of non-destructive sampling tools, efficient and low cost is important so the Resistograph can be an alternative. This study aimed to use drilling resistance amplitude data collected by the Resistograph, associated to dendrometrical variables, to develop models to estimate basic density in Eucalyptus clonal stands. It was used four hybrid clones of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla distributed in commercial plantations in Paraíba valley, with aging from 2 to 7 years. These materials were sampled by the Resistograph at 1.30 m above ground (DBH) and the removal of a disk at the same height to determine the density in the laboratory. Single and multiple linear equations were selected starting with data usage by the Resistograph (amplitude) as a predictor variable, and then dendrometric variables such as DBH, age, height, average height of dominant trees and quadratic mean diameter. The inclusion of these variables increased the accuracy of estimates. The best equation selected for all four clones, adjusted using the average amplitude (the Resistograph), associated with the average height of dominant trees, the tree age and quadratic mean diameter, presented R2aj equal to 68.80%, with error residual standard 0.0201 g/cm3 or 4.31%. For each clone alone, the more accurate equations also were those involving the Resistograph variables of the individual and the population. Equations adjusted for only dendrometric variables showed precision measurements higher than the ones adjusted for only the Resistograph, in the case of all four clones, and superior to the Resistograph associated with the individual variables in the case of each clone alone. The Resistograph proved to be an efficient tool for the prediction of density. However, equally or more accurate estimates can be obtained without use of the equipment when you have individual variables and population.

Keywords:
basic density; Eucalyptus; resistograph; non-destructive sampling

TABELA 1 Número de árvores amostradas por clone e os valores de mínimo, médio e máximo para 5 variáveis das populações clonais: idade, altura total (HT), diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo (DAP) e altura dominante (HD).

Clone	No de		Idade (anos)			HT (m)			DAP (cm)			HD (m)
	árvores	Mín	Med	Máx	Mín	Med	Máx	Mín	Med	Máx	Mín	Med	Máx
C2	80	1,9	4,3	7,6	13,4	21,8	32,9	8,3	13,8	21,6	14,8	23,7	31,7
C4	120	2,1	4,4	7,7	9,7	22,2	35,5	8,0	13,9	23,2	13,5	24,3	32,4
P95	80	2,0	4,4	7,7	11,1	22,5	32,2	7,6	13,5	21,8	17,0	24,6	32,2
V3	92	2,0	4,2	5,5	12,8	22,4	29,2	6,7	13,0	20,5	16,7	24,8	30,3

TABELA 3 Estimativas da significância dos parâmetros da melhor equação linear múltipla selecionada para os 4 clones.

	Estimativa	Erro padrão	Valor t	Pr(>\|t\|)
β0	0,3990	0,01818	21,944	< 2e-16 ***
β1	0,00008129	0,000008111	10,022	< 2e-16 ***
β2	-21,55	2,221	-9,704	< 2e-16 ***
β3	0,2159	0,03717	5,808	1,89e-08 ***
β4	0,7264	0,2395	3,033	0,00267 **

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Av. Roraima, 1.000, 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brasil, Tel. : (55 55)3220-8444 r.37, Fax: (55 55)3220-8444 r.22 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciaflorestal@ufsm.br

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[TFN1] Em que: DB - densidade básica (g/cm3); AMP_100 - amplitude média dada pelo Resistógrafo na árvore (%); ID - idade em anos; DAP - diâmetro a 1,30 m do solo (cm); HT - altura total das árvores (m); HD - altura média das árvores dominantes (m); DG - diâmetro médio quadrático (cm2); R2aj - coeficiente de determinação ajustado e Syx - erro padrão residual.

Clone	Equações selecionadas
C2	$\log (D B) = - 0,45293 - 6,23721 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100}) + 23,96093 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100^{2}}) + ε_{i}$
	R² _aj (%) = 55,76	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0296	Syx (%) = 6,27
	$\log (D B) = - 0,848531 + 0,089751 \times \log (A M P_100) - 0,040788 \times (\frac{D A P}{I D}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0296
	R² _aj (%) = 74,65	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0221	Syx (%) = 4,68
	$\log (D B) = - 0,313785 + 0,002776 \times (A M P_100) - 7,116263 \times (\frac{1}{H D}) + 1,074338 \times (\frac{I D}{H D}) - 0,025168 \times (D G) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0221
	R² _aj (%) = 83,12	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0179	Syx (%) = 3,79
	$\log (D B) = - 0,51664 + 25,39691 \times (\frac{1}{D G^{2}}) - 8,12747 \times (\frac{1}{H D}) - 0,02553 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) + 0,05905 \times \log (D A P) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0179
	R² _aj (%) = 81,61	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0189	Syx (%) = 4,01
C4	$\log (D B) = - 1,25151 + 0,18498 \times \log (A M P_100) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0189
	R² _aj (%) = 52,65	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0299	Syx (%) = 6,43
	$\log (D B) = - 1,26465 + 0,09858 \times \log (A M P_100) + 0,13412 \times \log (D A P) - 0,03205 \times (\frac{D A P}{I D}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0299
	R² _aj (%) = 67,98	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0245	Syx (%) = 5,30
	$\log (D B) = - 0,377443 + 0,005635 \times (A M P_100) + 1,055221 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) - 8,359632 \times (\frac{1}{H D}) - 0,045061 \times (\frac{D G}{I D}) - 0,038352 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0245
	R² _aj (%) = 75,51	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0217	Syx (%) = 4,66
	$D B = 0,356521 + 0,045001 \times (I D) - 0,007555 \times (H D) - 0,048039 \times (\frac{D G}{I D}) + 0,044823 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0217
	R² _aj (%) = 70,92	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0234	Syx (%) = 5,03
P95	$\log (D B) = - 1,03690 + 0,10837 \times \log (A M P_100) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0234
	R² _aj (%) = 42,63	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0191	Syx (%) = 4,05
	$\log (D B) = - 1,05005 + 0,07605 \times \log (A M P_100) + 0,06851 \times \log (I D) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0191
	R² _aj (%) = 58,79	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0161	Syx (%) = 3,40
	$\log (D B) = - 0,51398 - 0,81933 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100}) + 1,03235 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) - 127,49513 \times (\frac{1}{H D^{2}}) - 0,05317 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) + 1,54040 \times (\frac{1}{D G}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0161
	R² _aj (%) = 69,40	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0140	Syx (%) = 2,97
	$D B = 0,050871 - 0,016848 \times (H D) + 0,043759 \times (D G) + 15,756850 \times (\frac{1}{D G}) - 21,719118 \times (\frac{1}{H D}) + 0,103751 \times (\frac{D G}{I D}) - 0,069141 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) + 0,019075 \times \log (D A P) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0140
	R² _aj (%) = 63,77	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0152	Syx (%) = 3,22
V3	$\log (D B) = - 0,6877 - 1,0586 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0152
	R² _aj (%) = 19,47	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0207	Syx (%) = 4,51
	$\log (D B) = - 0,65615 - 0,48395 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100}) - 0,29566 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) - 1,44171 \times (\frac{1}{D A P}) + 2,33154 \times (\frac{1}{H T}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0207
	R² _aj (%) = 50,59	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0135	Syx (%) = 2,95
	$\log (D B) = 0,52184 + 0,11468 \times \log (H D) - 0,43698 \times (\frac{1}{A M P_100}) - 0,38803 \times \log (D G) - 0,47451 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) - 1,91687 \times (\frac{1}{D A P}) - 0,11268 \times \log (H T) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0135
	R² _aj (%) = 69,54	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0119	Syx (%) = 2,60
	$\log (D B) = 0,023264 + 0,549124 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) - 0,127101 \times (\frac{D G}{I D}) + 0,025834 \times (\frac{H D}{I D}) - 2,540784 \times (\frac{1}{D A P}) - 0,151850 \times \log (H T) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0119
	R² _aj (%) = 67,39	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0123	Syx (%) = 2,68
Geral	$\log (D B) = - 1,144325 + 0,146185 \times \log (A M P_100) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0123
	R² _aj (%) = 45,95	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0262	Syx (%) = 5,62
	$\log (D B) = - 0,757045 + 0,006296 \times (A M P_100) - 0,370420 \times (\frac{1}{I D}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0262
	R² _aj (%) = 63,93	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0215	Syx (%) = 4,60
	$D B = 0,3990 + 0,00008129 \times {(A M P_100)}^{2} - 21,55 \times (\frac{1}{H D^{2}}) + 0,2159 \times (\frac{I D}{H D}) + 0,7264 \times (\frac{1}{D G}) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0215
	R² _aj (%) = 68,80	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0201	Syx (%) = 4,31
	$\log (D B) = - 2,14976 + 0,08492 \times (I D) - 0,58907 \times \log (H D) - 0,44046 \times \log (I D) - 0,05974 \times (\frac{D G}{I D}) - 16,29842 \times (\frac{1}{H D}) + 0,04346 \times \log (D A P) + ε_{i}$	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0201
R² _aj (%) = 61,29	Syx (g/cm³) = 0,0226	Syx (%) = 4,85