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Use of biochar and biostimulant in the production and quality of seedlings of Sapindus saponaria L.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of biochar added to the substrate and the biostimulant in the production and quality of seedlings of Sapindus saponaria L. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Chapadão do Sul/MS state, with a randomized block design, with factorial scheme 5x2, with five proportions of biochar (0%, 7.5%, 15%, 22.5% and 30%), and presence or absence of biostimulant, with four replicates. The parameters were: total plant height (HT), colon diameter (DC), root volume (VR), root length (CR), root dry mass (MSR), part aerial dry mass (MSPA) total dry mass (MST), leaf area (AF), total height/colon diameter ratio (RHDC), total height/part aerial ratio (RHPA), part aerial/root ratio (RPAR) and Dickson quality index (IQD).The values of HT, DC, VR and CR decreased as the proportion of biochar added to the substrate increased, with higher values obtained when there was no addition of the compound and in the absence of the biostimulant, 19.22 cm and 4.99 mm, 6.36 mL and 14.1 cm, respectively. The dry mass (g) production, in the presence or absence of biostimulant, for the aerial part (MSPA), root (MSR) and total (MST), decreased as the proportion of biochar increased. For AF (cm²), the best result was 172.23 cm² with 0% biochar and without the vegetal stimulant. The lowest ratio between the height and the diameter of the colon (3,6) is obtained in the presence of the biostimulant, in the proportion of 8.3% of biochar in the substrate. The RHPA both in the presence and absence of the plant stimulant, the best results are presented when there is 0% biochar. In the absence of the biostimulant, the best result for MPAR was provided by the 21.7% biochar composition. The highest IQD (0.71) was obtained in the absence of the biostimulant and without addition of the biochar. The use of the biostimulant in the treatment of the seeds and the biochar in the composition of the substrate did not provide an increase in the growth characteristics of Sapindus saponaria. For the RHDC quality index, the combination of the two factors, maintained a balance in the biomass distribution in the seedlings.

Keywords:
Native species; Phytoregulator; Substrate

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