STAY AT HOME: WORKERS’ PERFORMANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Daniel, Ana Nery Alves; Lopes Júnior, Elias Pereira

doi:10.12660/cgpc.v30.90619

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ARTICLES • Cadernos Gestão Pública e Cidadania 30 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.12660/cgpc.v30.90619.87392 linkcopy

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STAY AT HOME: WORKERS’ PERFORMANCE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has made telework an imperative measure, and countless companies have adopted it urgently, without planning. This research aims to identify, from the perception of the employees of the Brazilian state-owned enterprise Serpro, the factors that impacted telework performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. A quali-quantitative study was carried out, using an online questionnaire and data systematization through factor and cluster analysis, and semi-structured interviews interpreted through content analysis. The results showed that telework may not be beneficial in some contexts and may even reduce employee performance, depending on the work environment at home and the nature of the task performed. The findings showed several factors that affect performance in telework, collaborating for future evaluations about the applicability and effectiveness of this regime at Serpro and other companies.

Keywords:
performance; workers; telework; COVID-19; Serpro.

	INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES PERSPECTIVE	SITUATIONAL PERSPECTIVE	PERFORMANCE REGULATION PERSPECTIVE
Guiding question	Which individuals perform better than others? What differentiates their performance from others?	In what situations do individuals perform better? Is there a work context that encourages better performance?	What happens when a person is performing? What processes or mechanisms are involved?
Main predictors and empirical findings	Cognitive abilities, motivation, personality traits, tenure at the company, and professional experience.	Characteristics of the work context and organizational environment, possible stressors, and motivational agents.	Factors influencing individual information processing; Necessity of defining the appropriate hierarchical level of analysis for each variable.
Practical implications for improving performance	Encourage the development of training programs and informal learning incentives, personnel selection, and exposure to specific and particular experiences.	Investment in continuous work redesign, taking advantage of potential.	Goal orientation, continuous provision of task-related feedback, behavioral modeling actions, training actions, continuous work redesign, and improvement of the execution process.

AUTHOR	DEFINITIONS
Bouzuri et al. (2020)	Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic
Sonnentag and Frese (2002)	Perspectives that guide work performance: individual and contextual perspectives
Morgeson and Humphrey (2006); Golden and Gajendran (2019)	Structural characteristics of work: social and knowledge characteristics.

VARIABLE	FACTOR LOADING	FACTOR
Q1. I am more focused, which improves my performance	0.796	Well-being
Q2. My overall stress has decreased, improving my performance	0.788
Q3. My work-life balance has improved, which has improved my performance	0.875
Q4. Spending more time with my family has improved my performance	0.872
Q24. My performance at home is better than at in-person work	0.660
Q25. I am satisfied with my performance working at home	0.545
Cronbach’s alpha	0.893
Explained variance (%)	29.35
Q6. The physical distance from the company negatively affected my performance	0.649	Distance
Q7. Working apart from my team has hindered my performance	0.856
Q8. Working apart from colleagues has hindered my performance	0.842
Q11. Non-face-to-face communication between team members has hindered my performance	0.813
Q12. Non-face-to-face communication with my boss has hindered my performance	0.821
Cronbach’s alpha	0.899
Explained variance (%)	27.91
Q16. The permanent lack of access, due to teleworking, to some environment/system/platform/tool used in the company has hindered my performance	0.880	Infrastructure
Q17. Infrastructure instability due to teleworking has hindered my performance	0.842
Cronbach’s alpha	0.767
Explained variance (%)	14.54

CATEGORY	GUIDING VISION	AUTHORS
Situational Perspective	External context and characteristics of the work environment	Brant and Mourão (2020)
	Fusion of work and personal life	Pires et al. (2021)
	Infrastructure	Sonnentag and Frese (2002)
	Emotional instability
	Levels of anxiety and stress, fear, loneliness
	Employee satisfaction
Organizational Perspective	Adaptation to new forms of communication	Brant and Mourão (2020)
	Greater preparation and supervision by management to monitor tasks and the team	Contreras, Baykal and Abid (2020)
	Work overload and undefined schedules	Pérez, Sánchez and Carnicer (2002)
Professional Perspective	Social characteristics of work	Coelho Jr. (2011)
	Personality factors	Morgeson and Humphrey (2006)
	Nature of the task	Sonnenag and Freese (2002)

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